The Evolution of a Meso-β-Scale Convective Vortex in the Dabie Mountain Area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

XU Wenhui  NI Yunqi  WANG Xiaokang  QIU Xuexing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(5):597-613

The evolution of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that caused strong precipitation in the northern area of Dabie Mountain during 21-22 June 2008 is analyzed, along with the evolution of the associated meso-β-scale convective vortex (MCV). The mesoscale reanalysis data generated by the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) at a 3-km horizontal resolution and a 1-h time resolution during the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX) were utilized. The results show that two processes played key roles in the enhancement of convective instability. First, the mesoscale low-level jet strengthened and shifted eastward, leading to the convergence of warm-wet airflow and increasing convective instability at middle and low levels. Second, the warm-wet airflow interacted with the cold airflow from the north, causing increased vertical vorticity in the vicinity of steeply sloping moist isentropic surfaces. The combined action of these two processes caused the MCS to shift progressively eastward. Condensation associated with the MCS released latent heat and formed a layer of large diabatic heating in the middle troposphere, increasing the potential vorticity below this layer. This increase in potential vorticity created favorable conditions for the development of a low-level vortex circulation. The vertical motion associated with this low-level vortex further promoted the development of convection, creating a positive feedback between the deep convection and the low-level vortex circulation. This feedback mechanism not only promoted the maturation of the MCS, but also played the primary role in the evolution of the MCV. The MCV formed and developed due to the enhancement of the positive feedback that accompanied the coming together of the center of the vortex and the center of the convection. The positive feedback peaked and the MCV matured when these two centers converged. The positive feedback weakened and the MCV began to decay as the two centers separated and diverged.  相似文献   

2009年江苏一次强对流天气过程的遥感监测   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

官莉  王雪芹  黄勇 《南京气象学院学报》2012,35(1):73-79

以卫星水汽图为主,结合可见光云图、雷达资料和常规天气观测资料,分析2009年6月5日发生在江苏徐州沛县的一次冰雹、龙卷天气,结果表明：卫星水汽图中动力异常区与对流系统的交界处和可见光云图上两个对流云团出流边界处触发的新的雷暴云团区域容易产生龙卷等强对流天气;水汽图上的水汽输送带与可见光云图的对流云系相一致,并且水汽图像特征与导致垂直运动和气流变形场的大尺度天气过程有关系,代表着对流层中上部的动力特征;强对流天气发生在低亮温对流云团中。高时空分辨率的卫星和雷达遥感资料很好地反映了短时强对流天气系统的发展与演变,有效地补充了常规天气资料分析的不足,为短时天气预报提供一种思路。  相似文献   

城市热岛强度变化对安徽省气温序列的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石涛  杨元建  蒋跃林  荀尚培  张爱民 《气候与环境研究》2011,16(6):779-788

根据安徽省81个气象台站的资料研究了其气温序列特点,并选取了其中46个台站,划分为城市站、乡村站、国家基本/基准站等类别,对1966～2005年期间平均、最高、最低气温的年、季变化进行了分析比较.结果表明:两个时段各类型台站3项气温的增温率、热岛增温率、热岛增温贡献率均表现为城市站最大,国家基本/基准站次之,乡村站最小...  相似文献   

Research Progress of Quality Control for AIRS Data     

Wang Gen  Zhang Hua  Yang Yin 《地球科学进展》2017,32(2):139-150

Satellite data assimilation can provide accurate initial field for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. So far, data variational assimilation is based on the theory where error obeys Gaussian distribution, so as to apply the least square method. During classical variational assimilation, if the data contain outliers, the results of optimal parameter estimation is meaningless. Therefore, quality control is quite necessary for Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data before data assimilation. This paper made a comment of the advances in the quality control using AIRS data, which analyzed and discussed the research status from five aspects: channel selection, outliers elimination, bias correction, cloud detection and data sparseness. Three methods for channel selection were summarized, which are stepwise iterative method based on information entropy, the cumulative effect coefficient of principal component and principal components—Stepwise regression, respectively. Comparatively, stepwise iterative method based on information entropy is more widely used, but the selected channels are weak related; Channel combination with large amount of information can be obtained through the method of principal components—stepwise regression, but the implementation process is time-consuming due to the algorithm. Both the lane of law and the double weight method were used in outliers elimination, and the result shows that the latter one is better. Two kinds of bias correction method including off-line and on-line, were introduced, which contain static, adaptive, regression method, variational, method based on the radiative transfer model, bias correction with Kalman filter and dynamic update of bias correction technique. It is found that the timeliness of static method is better; while variational method could solve the problems of data drift and so on. The result is better when using bias correction based on the model and Kalman methods, but it is more time-consuming and not suitable for business application. Generally, the effect and timeliness of dynamic update one is the best among them. In this paper four kinds of cloud detection method are discussed here, including the sky field-of-view, sky channel, cloud radiation correction and different instrument cloud products matching. The first two methods are more feasible from the perspective of timeliness for numerical prediction, but the data quantity using could detection method of sky field-of-view is less than sky channel, leading to discarding of lots of channel data in climate sensitive area such as upper channel, and thus affecting the quality of analysis field. Further on, the methods of hops jumper, box and principal component applied to AIRS data sparseness were analyzed. From assimilation timeliness and operability, box method is feasible; although there is high complexity with algorithm of principal component analysis, which has a certain application prospect. After reviewing the quality control section, some further research directions in these fields were given respectively.  相似文献   

基于指标叠套法的安徽省强对流天气潜势预警研究          下载免费PDF全文

翟菁  周后福  张建军  黄勇 《气象与环境学报》2011,27(2):1-7

对2005－2007年4-9月安徽省冰雹、雷雨大风等强对流天气日数进行统计,分析了基于探空资料计算的不稳定指标与强对流天气发生的关系。结果表明：K指数、A指数、沙氏指数和对流有效位能、归一化对流有效位能和对流抑制能量这几个指标对于强对流天气指示意义较好。基于此结果,挑选K指数、沙氏指数和对流有效位能针对不同季节划分阈值,建立强对流天气潜势预警指标,并利用中尺度模式MM5的数值预报产品计算该指标,对2005-2010年13个强对流天气过程预报结果进行对比检验表明,MM5模式给出的强对流天气潜势预警产品对大多数过程均能起到预警作用。对其中两次强对流天气过程的进一步分析表明,模式具备预报强对流发生潜势的能力,预报结果对强对流天气发生的时间、落区有预警意义。  相似文献   

Validation of sprite-inducing cloud-to-ground lightning based on ELF observations at Syowa station in Antarctica     

《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2003,65(5):607-614

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2013年春季一次强飑线过程中尺度特征研究     

吴瑞姣  黎玥君  林永辉 《热带气象学报》2023,(4):522-535

运用多种观测数据,结合WRF模式分析了2013年3月19日发生在黔湘地区一次飑线形成期的中尺度特征。（1）此次飑线发生在高空500 hPa槽前的西南气流中,地面冷锋附近。环境风为西南向,且垂直于飑线长轴的分量小于沿着飑线长轴的分量。（2）飑线东、西两段存在显著差异：东段所在环境干燥,下沉对流有效位能DCAPE大,故雷暴大风强而短时强降水弱,对流单体初始于锋区及冷空气一侧,呈碎块状分布;西段环境湿润,短时强降水和冰雹集中,对流单体出现于地面锋区附近中尺度辐合线内,辐合线持久,其上辐合中心处不断有单体新生。（3）此次过程有重力波作用,且飑线西段重力波特征更明显。急流中的波动与中尺度辐合线相交,波动上升气流叠加辐合线上升运动,引起对流发生并迅猛发展,使得对流单体趋向于沿着波动等振幅面排列成带状,进而形成飑线。（4）旧单体南、北两侧均有新对流单体发生：北侧新单体高、低层重力波反相位叠加,对流受到抑制;南侧的新单体高、低层波动同相,上升气流加强,对流得以发展;新旧单体不断迭代更新,飑线整体向东南传播。  相似文献   

VARYING SEASONS'' MESOSCALE WIND FIELD CIRCULATION IN HAINAN ISLAND   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

翟武全  李国杰  孙斌  党人庆 《热带气象学报(英文版)》1998,4(1):79-87

Using a one-level numerical diagnostic model, the features of surface wind fields in Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula and maritime area around it are studied. In the experiments with prevailing synoptic situation for varying seasons there are obvious deflection flows, terrain slope drafts, convergence lines, sea/land breeze and mountain/valley breeze, and difference in season accounts for the features found in the mesoscale distribution.The complex terrain and seatland distribution in the area is shown to be the important cause for the formation of varying mesoscale circulation, and close relationships between local climatic distribution feature and mesoscale circulation are then revealed.  相似文献   

利用卫星遥感资料分析台风“烟花”(202106)的影响过程          下载免费PDF全文

唐飞  陈凤娇  诸葛小勇  吴福浪  宇路  姚彬 《大气科学学报》2021,44(5):703-716

2021年第6号台风“烟花”于7月18日生成,7月30日变性为温带气旋,生命史长达13 d,先后对中国东部14个省市造成影响,其主要特点是移动速度慢、陆上滞留时间长和累积雨量大。基于静止气象卫星、极轨气象卫星和全球降水测量卫星的多通道观测和产品,对“烟花”的影响过程进行分析。结果表明：“烟花”空间尺度较大（最大半径约为350 km）,登陆前对流深厚、云系螺旋特征显著,登陆后云系结构遭到破坏、中等对流分布密集但没有组织性;“烟花”在洋面上时液态水和冰态水含量丰富并表现出非对称分布,登陆后液态水和冰态水主要集中在台风前进方向的右侧。基于微波成像仪的降水反演结果显示：降水主要分布在台风外围螺旋雨带位置,且在位置和形态上与实况较吻合;虽然雨量估计值与实况存在一定偏差,但对降水预报,特别是常规资料稀少区域的降水预报仍具有参考意义。  相似文献   

1961~2020年中国两大林区森林火险天气的多尺度特征北大核心CSCD     

王文杰  钱诚  张宇  封小凡  张嘉仪 《气候与环境研究》2022,27(5):559-577

近年来,世界各地的极端林火事件已呈现出多发态势。林火作为一种复合型极端事件,它的发生和蔓延与气象条件有着密切联系,在全球变暖的背景下,研究林区森林火险天气的变化特征可以为“碳中和”背景下的森林防火工作提供科学的信息。本文以逐日森林火险气象指数(FFDI)作为火险天气的度量指标,分析了该指数的适用性及空间分布特征,进而分析了1961~2020年东北和西南两大林区FFDI及相关气象因子的线性变化趋势;最后利用集合经验模分解(EEMD)的方法揭示了两大林区防火期FFDI的多时间尺度演变特征。研究发现:在季节以及年时间尺度上,FFDI的分布具有明显的区域特征,东北地区在春季、秋季处于高值期,而西南地区则集中在春季和冬季,这与两大林区的森林防火期有很好的对应关系。各个季节FFDI呈现显著增长的站点数在10%~20%左右,春季最多(21%)。东北林区FFDI的变化趋势在四季都不显著;但相关气象因子中的日最高气温在四季都呈现显著的变暖趋势,平均风速在四季都呈现显著减弱的趋势。西南林区四季的FFDI都呈现显著(至少是0.1水平下的)增长态势,其中春、冬季防火期的趋势分别为0.09/10 a(P<0.1)和0.05/10 a(P<0.1);夏、秋、冬三个季节显著变暖又显著变干(P<0.05),朝着“暖干化”的气候特征演变。年际变率在两大林区FFDI的演变中贡献超70%;东北春季和秋季防火期FFDI的非线性趋势分别呈先快速上升后减缓和先快速上升后转为下降的趋势;西南春季防火期FFDI的非线性趋势从上个世纪的稳定少变转为21世纪开始呈现快速上升的趋势,冬季防火期FFDI则总体呈稳步上升趋势。因此,西南林区的防火形势正变得愈发地严峻。  相似文献