ANALYSIS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC DUCT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE^*          下载免费PDF全文

YAO Zhanyu  ZHAO Bolin  LI Wanbiao  ZHU Yuanjing  DU Jinlin  DAI Fushan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,15(2):233-248

On the basis of introducing the basic categories of atmospheric refraction and their existing conditions,the forming processes of three kinds of atmospheric ducts are expounded.Several main characteristics of atmospheric duct are summarized and analyzed,and field sounding data from the WEstern North-Pacific cloud-radiation EXperiment(WENPEX) and meteorological data around the Xisha sea area are used to validate these characteristics.Meanwhile the sensitivities of the evaporation duct height to the variations of atmospheric humidity.the air-sea temperature difference.and horizontal wind speed are examined.With the analysis of the effect of atmosphericduct on the propagation of electromagnetic wave.the maximum trapped-wavelength and the critical emitting angle of elevation for electromagnetic wave which can form duct propagation are derived.At the same time the four kinds of necessary conditions for electromagnetic wave to form ductpropagation are brought forward.The effects of atmospheric duct on ultrashort wave propagation,radar observation.short wave communication etc.are also discussed.  相似文献   

强对流(冰雹)云中水凝物的积累和云水的消耗   总被引：22，自引：5，他引：22  

许焕斌  段英 《气象学报》2002,60(5):575-584

在冰雹云中过冷水的累积对冰雹增长起重要作用。文中回顾了水凝物累积和过冷水消耗机制中的不确定性 ,利用三维Euler强对流云模式和三维Lagrange粒子群运行增长模式 ,重新研究了对流云中水凝物粒子的累积机制和过冷水的消耗图像 ,得出以下结果 :(1)强对流 (冰雹 )云具有翻滚式对流流场 ,流场的性质决定云中存在着一个动力吸引区 ,它处于主上升气流区旁侧水平气流近于零的区域 ,粒子在增长运行中向这里集中 ,造成水凝物的累积 ;(2 )这种粒子的集中和水凝物的累积 ,是流场动力特征和粒子增长行为相互作用的表现 ;(3)粒子的集中和水凝物的累积是动态循环式的 ,而不是静态平衡式的 ,粒子可以进入吸引区 ,也可以吹离吸引区 ,在进入和吹离的循环中动态地形成了集中和累积 ,累积可以发生在主上升气流上方 ,也可以延伸到其下方 ;(4)粒子的集中和水凝物的累积是受流场和粒子运动的动力过程控制的 ,而累积粒子是液相雨滴 ,或是固相霰粒、雪团和冰雹是受降水发展过程属液相或固相占优势来决定的 ;(5 )云水场中云水量 ,只在大粒子的集中区才被显著消耗 ;而在区外的云水量消耗不显著 ;(6 )对于云水含量高达 6 g/kg的云水场 ,播撒粒子浓度达到 10 0个 /m3 时 ,在考虑消耗时 ,已不能增长成直径大于 1cm的冰雹。  相似文献   

环境风场对地形对流云发展的影响          下载免费PDF全文

谷国军  许焕斌 《应用气象学报》1993,4(4):394-401

通过一个带地形处理的二维弹性对流云数值模式，模拟了斜坡地形上不同的环境风对地形对流云发展的影响。模拟结果表明，环境风场对于地形抬升产生的对流云的发展强度、云体结构以及地面降水等具有重大的影响。当中上层风与爬坡风的方向相反时，环境风切变和中上层风速越大，对流的强度越大；当中上层风和爬坡风方向一致时，环境风切变削弱对流云的最大强度。  相似文献   

三维中-β尺度模式研究：一次气旋暖区锋生活动的中尺度结构的数值模拟试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

许焕斌  王思微 《气象学报》1994,52(2):165-171

设计了一个中－β尺度数值模式，并用来试验模拟一次京津地区暖区锋生降水过程。其结果不仅给出了暖锋式锋面垂直环流（热力直接环流），而且还给出了叠加在其上的次级中尺度环流结构。这说明该模式具有研究中－β特征运动的能力。  相似文献   

一次强雹云结构的双多普勒雷达观测分析     

王建恒  陈瑞敏  胡志群  许焕斌  段英  赵孝伟  王霞 《气象学报》2020,78(5):796-804

利用石家庄SA多普勒天气雷达和饶阳X波段双偏振雷达探测资料，结合常规综合观测资料，对2018年6月13日下午发生于太行山东麓的雹云的天气背景、降雹特征、雷达回波演变特征及回波三维立体结构进行了综合分析，重点利用双多普勒雷达径向速度资料反演出格点的三维风速（流场），并结合回波特征分析了雹云云体结构。结果显示，高空强劲的偏北风急流促使涡后横槽转竖，槽后冷空气沿偏北气流南下，形成上干冷、下暖湿的不稳定层结，在低空低涡附近及地面辐合线上发展造成这次风雹天气；双多普勒雷达反演风场表明，雹云的中层强回波中心呈明显的“S”形水平流场和悬挂回波配置特征，构成了具有成雹的“0线”结构；不仅佐证了雹云降雹“0线”结构的存在，而且证明其呈现形式具有多样性。   相似文献   

机器学习在气象领域的应用现状与展望     

杜智涛  姜明波  杜晓勇  周育峰  王鹏宇  张志标 《气象科技》2021,49(6):930-941

机器学习是人工智能的核心，是使计算机具有智能的根本途径之一。随着以深度学习为代表的机器学习算法取得突破，人工智能呈现了加速发展的趋势，在各行业取得了广泛的应用。机器学习在计算效率、准确性、可移植性、协同性、灵活性、易用性等方面具有较大的优势，下一步将有可能改变传统的气象观测模式，加速和改善气象观测数据的处理，改善数值天气预报质量以及推进地球科学的交叉融合。为更好地推动人工智能相关技术在气象领域的应用，本文从气象观探测、数值预报、危险天气识别与预警和卫星资料处理等方面对机器学习算法的应用现状进行了整理。  相似文献   

载水数值模式的实时预报试验   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

徐幼平  夏大庆  钱越英 《应用气象学报》1996,7(3):257-266

该文对载水数值模式进行了持续56天的实时预报试验，并对模式的常规预报和云场预报结果进行检验和分析。试验表明，模式运行稳定可靠；载水数值模式有能力合理而比较正确地预报大气中各种水物质的分布及随时间变化，预报云系、云团的宏、微观结构和云物理特征；与此同时，其形势预报及以降水为代表的要素预报能力，亦不低于一般的常规预报模式。  相似文献   

Important meteorological variables for statistical long-term air quality prediction in eastern China     

Libo?Zhang  Yongqiang?LiuEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Fengjun?Zhao 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,134(1-2):25-36

Weather is an important factor for air quality. While there have been increasing attentions to long-term (monthly and seasonal) air pollution such as regional hazes from land-clearing fires during El Niño, the weather-air quality relationships are much less understood at long-term than short-term (daily and weekly) scales. This study is aimed to fill this gap through analyzing correlations between meteorological variables and air quality at various timescales. A regional correlation scale was defined to measure the longest time with significant correlations at a substantial large number of sites. The air quality index (API) and five meteorological variables during 2001–2012 at 40 eastern China sites were used. The results indicate that the API is correlated to precipitation negatively and air temperature positively across eastern China, and to wind, relative humidity and air pressure with spatially varied signs. The major areas with significant correlations vary with meteorological variables. The correlations are significant not only at short-term but also at long-term scales, and the important variables are different between the two types of scales. The concurrent regional correlation scales reach seasonal at p < 0.05 and monthly at p < 0.001 for wind speed and monthly at p < 0.01 for air temperature and relative humidity. Precipitation, which was found to be the most important variable for short-term air quality conditions, and air pressure are not important for long-term air quality. The lagged correlations are much smaller in magnitude than the concurrent correlations and their regional correction scales are at long term only for wind speed and relative humidity. It is concluded that wind speed should be considered as a primary predictor for statistical prediction of long-term air quality in a large region over eastern China. Relative humidity and temperature are also useful predictors but at less significant levels.  相似文献   

COSMIC-2掩星反演数据质量分析     

薛子悦  鲍艳松  唐歌实  成巍  朱孟斌  袁帅 《热带气象学报》2022,38(3):453-466

为评价COSMIC-2掩星反演数据精度,利用探空站点资料,对比验证了基于COSMIC-2附加相位数据由无线电掩星数据处理软件ROPP计算得到的大气折射率及温湿廓线。实验结果表明:COSMIC-2数据经反演后的大气廓线质量较高,大气折射率相对偏差标准差为1.5%~4.3%,大气温度和相对湿度均方根误差分别为1.3~2.2 K、10%~15%;低纬地区样本精度总体优于中纬地区; 季节性差异不明显,但冬春季样本精度总体略优于夏秋季。反演数据与COSMIC-2二级产品相比,折射率与温度在部分高度层精度更优,相对湿度在总体上精度更优。   相似文献   

Inversion method for multi-point source pollution identification: Sensitivity analysis and application to European Tracer Experiment data          下载免费PDF全文

Jilin Wang  Juanjuan Liu  Bin Wang  Wei Cheng  Jiping Zhang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(3):100147

Fast and accurate identification of unknown pollution sources plays a crucial role in the emergency response and source control of air pollution. In this work, the applicability of a previously proposed two-step inversion method is investigated with sensitivity experiments and real data from the first release of the European Tracer Experiment (ETEX-1). The two-step inversion method is based on the principle of least squares and carries out additional model correction through the residual iterative process. To evaluate its performance, its retrieval results are compared with those of two other existing algorithms. It is shown that for those cases with richer measurements, all three methods are less sensitive to errors, while for cases where measurements are sparse, their retrieval accuracy will rapidly decrease as errors increase. From the results of sensitivity experiments, the new method provides higher estimation accuracy and a more stable performance than the other two methods. The new method presents the smallest maximum location error of 18.20 km when the amplitude of the measurement error increases to 100%, and 22.67 km when errors in the wind fields increase to 200%. Moreover, when applied to ETEX-1 data, the new method also exhibits good performance, with a location error of 4.71 km, which is the best estimation with respect to source location.摘要快速并且准确地识别未知污染源, 在大气污染应急响应和源头控制过程中起着至关重要的作用. 本文利用敏感性试验及欧洲示踪物测场试验(ETEX-1)数据研究了新提出的两步反演算法的实用性, 并将其反演结果与现有的两种算法进行了对比分析. 敏感试验表明, 在观测数据较为丰富的情况下, 三种算法对观测误差和风场误差的敏感性均较低; 而当观测数据较为稀疏时, 所有算法的估计精度都将随着误差的增加而下降, 但与其他两种算法相比, 两步反演算法具有更高的估计精度以及更稳定的估计性能. 此外, 欧洲示踪物测场试验的源项估计结果也表明, 在三个算法中, 两步反演算法具有最小的位置估计误差.  相似文献