Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980�C2010 period     

Claire Granier  Bertrand Bessagnet  Tami Bond  Ariela D��Angiola  Hugo Denier van der Gon  Gregory J. Frost  Angelika Heil  Johannes W. Kaiser  Stefan Kinne  Zbigniew Klimont  Silvia Kloster  Jean-Fran?ois Lamarque  Catherine Liousse  Toshihiko Masui  Frederik Meleux  Aude Mieville  Toshimasa Ohara  Jean-Christophe Raut  Keywan Riahi  Martin G. Schultz  Steven J. Smith  Allison Thompson  John van Aardenne  Guido R. van der Werf  Detlef P. van Vuuren 《Climatic change》2011,109(1-2):163-190

Several different inventories of global and regional anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions are assessed for the 1980?C2010 period. The species considered in this study are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and black carbon. The inventories considered include the ACCMIP historical emissions developed in support of the simulations for the IPCC AR5 assessment. Emissions for 2005 and 2010 from the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) are also included. Large discrepancies between the global and regional emissions are identified, which shows that there is still no consensus on the best estimates for surface emissions of atmospheric compounds. At the global scale, anthropogenic emissions of CO, NO_x and SO₂ show the best agreement for most years, although agreement does not necessarily mean that uncertainty is low. The agreement is low for BC emissions, particularly in the period prior to 2000. The best consensus is for NO_x emissions for all periods and all regions, except for China, where emissions in 1980 and 1990 need to be better defined. Emissions of CO need better quantification in the USA and India for all periods; in Central Europe, the evolution of emissions during the past two decades needs to be better determined. The agreement between the different SO₂ emissions datasets is rather good for the USA, but better quantification is needed elsewhere, particularly for Central Europe, India and China. The comparisons performed in this study show that the use of RCP8.5 for the extension of the ACCMIP inventory beyond 2000 is reasonable, until more global or regional estimates become available. Concerning biomass burning emissions, most inventories agree within 50?C80%, depending on the year and season. The large differences between biomass burning inventories are due to differences in the estimates of burned areas from the different available products, as well as in the amount of biomass burned.  相似文献   

北京密云地区辐射与能量平衡特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘寿东  王秀丽  王咏薇  徐自为  杨澄  唐玉琪 《高原气象》2011,30(4):996-1004

利用北京密云站2007年1,4,8和10月辐射及湍流通量观测资料,分析了农林混合非均匀下垫面晴天、阴天条件下的辐射平衡、反照率及能量平衡特征。结果表明：（1）1,4,8和10月能量平衡闭合度（OLS方法）分别为82%,97%,72%和83%,总体闭合度为76%,数据质量较好;（2）晴天向上长波辐射1,4,8和10月平均...  相似文献   

NDVI prediction over Mongolian grassland using GSMaP precipitation data and JRA-25/JCDAS temperature data     

H. Iwasaki 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(4-5):557-562

An algorithm to predict the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) distribution over Mongolia, which is based on a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, has been developed using global precipitation data obtained from satellites and global surface air temperature data obtained from the reanalysis data during the period 1998–2005. This algorithm can predict the NDVI value up to 1–3 months in advance for a grid with a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25°.In order to validate the algorithm, the NDVI distribution was predicted for the period from May to November 2006 using 1 to 3-month prediction algorithms. The distributions of the predicted normalized anomalies agreed well with those of the observed normalized anomalies. It was found that these algorithms were effective for arid and semi-arid regions, despite its low accuracy for August and regions with high vegetation activity.  相似文献   

Variability of the solar shape (before space dedicated missions)     

J.P. Rozelot  C. Damiani  S. Lefebvre 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(17-18):1683-1694

Shrinking or expansion of the solar shape and irradiance variations are ultimately related to solar activity. We give here a review on existing ground-based or space solar radius measurements, extending the concept to shape changes. We show how helioseismology results allow us to look at the variations below the surface, where changes are not uniform, putting in evidence a new shallow layer, the leptocline, which is the seat of solar asphericities, radius variations with the 11-yr cycle and the cradle of complex physical processes: partial ionization of the light elements, opacities changes, superadiabaticity, strong gradient of rotation and pressure. Based on such physical grounds, we show why it is important to get accurate measurements from scheduled dedicated space missions: PICARD, SDO, DynaMICCS, ASTROMETRIA, SPHERIS. Such measurements will provide us a unique opportunity to study in detail the relationship between global solar properties and changes in the Sun's interior.  相似文献   

Statistical analysis of the relationship between climate-induced maize yield and rainy-season precipitation across Inner Mongolia,North China     

Huang  Jin  Chen  Xin  Zhou  Limin  Xue  Yan  Lin  Jie 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,129(3-4):1145-1156

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Exploring possible relationships between climate-induced maize yield and rainy-season precipitation under climate change is fundamental to science-based...  相似文献   

A local ensemble Kalman filter for atmospheric data assimilation   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

EDWARD OTT  BRIAN R. HUNT  ISTVAN SZUNYOGH  ALEKSEY V. ZIMIN  ERIC J. KOSTELICH  MATTEO CORAZZA  EUGENIA KALNAY  D. J. PATIL  JAMES A. YORKE 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2004,56(5):415-428

  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区气温分布及廓线特征          下载免费PDF全文

李振杰  金莉莉  何清  缪启龙  买买提艾力·买买提依明 《干旱区地理》2019,42(6):1273-1281

利用乌鲁木齐市5座100 m气象塔10层气温观测资料，通过统计方法详细分析了乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区近地层不同高度气温季节变化和日变化特征。研究表明：乌鲁木齐市四季均存在逆温，北郊逆温最明显。近地层100 m内主城区气温日较差较小，约为3.5～5.5 ℃；郊区气温日较差较大，约为4.2～7.0 ℃。夏季郊区气温高于城区，冬季北郊气温最低、南郊最高；白天大气基本上为超绝热不稳定状态，夜间城区气温高于郊区。春、秋季，白天城区和郊区温差小、夜间大，且愈近地面温差愈大；春季城区与南郊温差可达2.4 ℃、秋季可达3 ℃。城区和郊区各季节各层最高气温与最低气温出现时间几乎不同步达到。夏季、秋季、冬季和春季最高气温分别约在17:00～18:10、16:00～17:20、14:30～15:50（北郊滞后1.5 h）、17:00～18:00（南郊提前1.5 h）出现，最低气温分别约在7:10～8:20、8:00～9:00、冬季为多个时段（这与出现逆温有关）、7:30～8:40出现。  相似文献   

Trends and zonal variability of extreme rainfall events over East Africa during 1960–2017     

Ojara  Moses A.  Yunsheng  Lou  Babaousmail  Hassen  Wasswa  Peter 《Natural Hazards》2021,109(1):33-61

Natural Hazards - East African countries (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi) are prone to weather extreme events. In this regard, the past occurrence of extreme rainfall events is...  相似文献   

TEC Compensated Inversion Method of Ionospheric Occultation     

Zhao-Lin Liu  Xue-Jin Sun  Yang Fu 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2009

For the inversion of ionospheric occultation data, the Abel inversion method of calibrated TEC is usually adopted, but the spherical asymmetry of the real ionosphere will bring errors to the inversion result of electron densities. This paper studies a TEC compensated inversion method. By combining with a background field, this method may eliminate the effect of the horizontal variability of electron density on the TEC, and improve the applicability of the assumption of spherical symmetry as well as the inversion accuracy. Applying this method to the inversion of simulative occultation events, the result demonstrates that compared with the traditional Abel transform inversion, the TEC compensated inversion method can reduce the inversion error. Comparing the various background fields obtained in different ways, it is shown that the higher the coincidence level between the background field and the real field, the better the inversion result.  相似文献   

华北平原不同生长发育期作物长势对气候因子的响应研究     

苗晨  申双和  贾根锁 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(6):703-712

利用卫星遥感归一化植被指数(NDVI)时间序列数据和站点气象数据,从农作物生长发育过程的角度,分析了1981~2008年华北平原农田在12个生长发育期(冬小麦8个、夏玉米4个)对降水和温度不同的响应特征。研究区农田植被指数对降水响应的滞后性强于对温度的滞后性,其中对降水最为敏感的是前1和前2个生长发育期,对温度最为敏感的是同期和前1个生长发育期。不同种类作物在不同时期对气候因子响应不同:冬小麦发育中后期、夏玉米发育中期,绝大多数站点植被指数与降水呈正相关;冬小麦生长发育前中期植被指数与温度呈显著甚至极显著正相关。冬小麦出苗期温度、返青期温度和返青期降水分别与不同时期植被指数显著相关,出苗期和返青期为研究区农田长势对气候因子响应的敏感期。  相似文献