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61.
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西北地区气候暖干化对作物气候生态适应性的影响 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
在综述西北地区现代气候变化基本特征是暖干化的基础上,重点揭示了冬小麦、春小麦 (夏粮)、玉米、马铃薯、谷子、糜子(秋粮)和棉花、胡麻、冬油菜、酿酒葡萄(经济作物)等10种主要作物的热量指标、水分指标和生长发育状况等对现代气候暖干化的响应特征。气候变暖对作物热量生态适应性的影响非常显著,作物需要热量指标比变暖前有提高的趋势;气候变干对作物水分生态适应性的影响非常敏感,作物需要水分指标比变干前有增多的趋势。气候暖干化对作物气候生态适应性的影响总体来说是利弊并重。对灌溉区作物是利多弊少,建议要创建干旱区现代农业发展模式来应对;对旱作区作物是弊远大于利,建议要建立一整套旱作农业生产机制来适应气候暖干化。提出了作物气候生态适宜度是气候暖干化对作物产生重大影响的重要原因。 相似文献
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An overview of the spatial patterns of land surface processes over arid and semiarid regions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
With data from the project Collaborative Observation of Semi-arid/Arid Regions in North China, collected during July and September 2008, the spatial patterns of land surface processes over arid and semiarid regions have been investigated based on the ordinary Kriging interpolation approach. Generally, for the radiation processes, downward and upward short-wave radiation have a uniformly increasing trend with latitude, but the spatial patterns of long-wave radiation present notable regional differences: both upward and downward long-wave radiation increase with latitude in the west of North China, while in the east they vary inversely with latitude, suggesting surface temperature and clouds respectively have feedbacks to the long-wave radiation in the west and east of North China. The surface net radiation basically has a negative latitudinal trend. Long-wave radiation budget plays an important role in the spatial pattern of surface net radiation, particularly in the east of North China, although short-wave radiation budget largely determines the magnitude of surface net radiation. For the energy processes, latent and sensible heat flux varies conversely with latitude: more available land surface energy is consumed by evaporating soil water at lower latitudes while more is used for heating the atmosphere at higher latitudes. A soil heat flux maximum and minimum are found in Loess Plateau and Qinghai Plateau respectively, and a maximum is seen in the northeast China. 相似文献
64.
YUE Ping NIU ShengJie HU YinQiao & ZHANG Qiang Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change Reducing Disaster of CMA 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(5)
Macroscopic reason for the development of turbulences in fluid is the conjunction action of velocity and temperature shears. We use the 2008 spring flux observations in the surface layer over Inner Mongolian grassland, obtain the similarity functions of turbulent intensity under different stratification stability conditions, and calculate the clear day turbulent intensity in the spring, which is then analyzed and compared with the observed values of turbulent intensity. The results show that in the Inner Mo... 相似文献
65.
Wang Lijuan Guo Ni Sha Sha Yang Yang Wang Xiaoping Hu Die 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,149(1-2):525-536
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - The surface radiation and energy flux in the source area of the Yellow River are estimated by using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer products... 相似文献
66.
GEV干旱指数及其在气象干旱预测和监测中的应用和检验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了一种新的基于广义极值分布(Generalized Extreme Value,GEV)的干旱指数的构建过程及其原理。并利用1951—2010年中国地区160个气象台站的逐月降水资料,选择6个代表台站,检验1951—2010年60年间预测的干旱和实际干旱事件发生的吻合程度;利用2009—2010年资料检验GEV指数和实际发生的干旱事件在月尺度上的监测效果。结果表明,利用GEV方法定义的干旱指数能较好地监测干旱事件的发生和发展,与目前广泛使用的Ci指数监测结果较为一致。同时这种指数也能用于某一地区干旱事件的预测和干旱等级的划分。对干旱业务监测和预测有重要的参考意义。但该指数对站点疏密有一定的依赖性,站点稀疏的区域存在着一些误差。 相似文献
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The impact of the northward jump and westward movement of the East Asian westerly jet core from the western Pacific Ocean to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on precipitation distribution of eastern China is studied. It is concluded that on the one hand, the northward jump of the jet causes the precipitation belt to move northward from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley and withdraw during the Mei-yu season; on the other hand, the westward movement of the jet core has no correspondence with withdrawal of the Mei-yu season. However, the earlier or later occurrence of the westward movement of the jet has an influence on the process of the rain belt moving northward than the northward jump of the jet: the rain belt moves northward from the middle-lower Yangtze River valley to the Huaihe River and then to an area between the Yellow River and Huaihe River during years when the time of the westward movement of the jet core is later than that of the northward jump of the jet and from the middle-lower Yangtze River valley to an area between the Yellow River and Huaihe River in other years. Further analysis shows that: (1) The northward jump of the jet and the westward movement of the East Asian westerly jet core causes significant variation of the general atmospheric circulation in middle latitudes and water vapor transport from the western Pacific, but not from the Bay of Bengal. (2) Impact of the northward jump and the westward movement of the East Asian westerly jet core on circulation are different, therefore, water vapor transport from the western Pacific and its impact on the rain belt are different. The earlier or later occurrence of the westward movement of the jet core than the northward jump of the jet causes the process of circulation and water vapor transport to be different which produces a different process of the rain belt moving northward. 相似文献
70.
气候变化对祁连山北坡农林牧业结构的影响与对策研究 总被引:21,自引:7,他引:14
揭示了气候持续变暖是祁连山北坡现代气候变化的基本特征。1986年是气候发生明显转折的年份,1987—2003年的平均气温比1961—1986年升高0.8℃,≥0℃积温和≥10℃积温增加142℃和131℃,呈线性上升趋势;降水量平均增加7.5 mm,呈曲线缓慢增多趋势。由于气候变暖,使农作物适生种植区和作物种植上限高度不同程度的提高,其中喜热棉花、喜温玉米和喜凉甘蓝型油菜分别提高100 m左右、150 m左右和200 m左右,种植面积迅速扩大,呈直线上升趋势。依据农业气候生态资源垂直分布特征和15种主要作物气候生态适生种植区以及农林牧业结构布局特点,采用气候生态相似原理,将祁连山北坡大体分为5个农林牧业气候生态区,建议性提出各区农林牧业结构的比重以及夏粮、秋粮、经济作物和饲草的种植比例,并阐明了各区未来主要发展方向。 相似文献