环境减灾卫星在甘肃省草原火灾监测中的应用研究     

蒋友严  黄进  李民轩 《干旱气象》2013,(3):590-594

通过分析环境减灾卫星（HJ）的光谱特征,参考MODIS火情监测模型,发展了基于HJ卫星的火情遥感监测方法。针对甘肃省2011年2月10日发生在玛曲、2012年12月8日发生在岷县境内的2次草原火灾,研究了HJ卫星相应通道的本地化阈值,采用植被指数的多时相阈值法提取过火范围并计算了过火面积,同时与甘肃草原监理站的过火面积观测资料及同期MODIS的监测结果分别进行比对。结果表明,2次判定火点的阈值为T4〉310K;HJ卫星监测到的玛曲、岷县的火灾面积分别为65．3hm2、19．8hm2,监测精度为98％和90％,较MODiS监测精度提高了10．5％和2g．9％;Hj卫星进行火情遥感监测的空间分辨率更高,监测结果更精细,具有很好的业务化应用价值。  相似文献   

基于GIS技术的甘肃省气温空间分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋友严  黄进 《干旱气象》2013,(1):206-211

利用40 a气象站气温观测数据,结合GIS技术,建立甘肃省气温空间化模型,以高分辨率的DEM作为模型的输入参数实现气温数据的空间化,同时与传统的气温内插方法 (反距离加权法(IDW)、克里格(Kriging)、协同克里格(Co-Kriging))的插值结果进行比较分析,结果反映利用多元回归分析+克里格方法建立的气温数据栅格化结果较好,比传统的气温内插方法插值精度高,插值结果很好的再现了原始测量结果。  相似文献   

甘肃春小麦产量时空分布及其气候响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王胜  王毅荣 《干旱气象》2013,(2):298-302

利用近45 a甘肃省78县区春小麦实际产量生长期(3～6月)气温、降水和日照时数等资料,主要采用REOF和小波分析等方法,分析春小麦产量时空演变及气候响应。结果表明:1)甘肃春小麦产量由西向东、由北到南产量递减;2)存在河东、河西2个特别区域,春小麦在河西走廊地区高产而稳定,河东地区明显产量低且不稳定,陇中黄土高原地区最为突出;河西走廊区域产量变化与陇中反向,及河西产量偏高年份河东反而偏低,反之亦然。河东地区相关程度很高,产量变化与河西反向;3)河西走廊地区对气温响应敏感,甘肃黄土高原地区对干湿(降水)的变化敏感;4)响应最敏感区产量1991年之前变幅较小,之后变幅加大;丰欠年份相间,存在2～3 a的准振荡周期。  相似文献   

甘肃黄土高原水热气候异常阶段特征     

郭林  张凯  王毅荣  雷俊 《干旱气象》2013,(2):313-317

利用1960～2004年相关地面实测气象资料,分析甘肃黄土高原地区水热气候异常变化的阶段性特征。结果表明,该地区地表变暖最为突出,夏半年增幅明显大于冬半年,地温随深度加深增温幅度越大;降水日数减少,连阴雨天气时段缩短、过程雨量减少,无雨时段增长,日照出现2次突变、呈现下降趋势;降水日数在1991年后突变减少,最长连续降水日数及过程降水量在1978年后突变减少。  相似文献   

基于标准化降水指数的近51a山东临沂市旱涝时空特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张磊  潘婕  陶生才  赵福年 《干旱气象》2013,(4):695-701

基于1961—2011年临沂市10个气象观测站的逐月降水数据,采用标准化降水指数（SPI）,分析了临沂市旱涝时空分布特征。结果表明：临沂市旱涝变化具有阶段性特征,1960年代初中期和1970年代初中期,雨涝频繁;1960年代中后期和1970年代中后期及整个1980年代,干旱频繁;1990年代到21世纪初早期旱涝交替发生,2003年以后以雨涝为主。冬春季干旱呈弱的减轻趋势,秋旱呈弱加剧趋势,夏季旱涝变化趋势不明显。北部山区、西部丘陵、南部平原的旱涝变化总体上具有相对一致的趋势,但在1960年代中期、1980年代中期、21世纪初早期西部丘陵的旱涝变化幅度较其他2个区域要大。全市旱涝变率在21世纪初早期最大,1970年代中后期最小,3个区域的变率总体上表现出与全市大致相同的趋势,2004年以后南部平原旱涝变率持续增大。  相似文献   

三套NDVI长时间序列植被指数的对比——以玛曲为例     

沙莎  郭铌  李耀辉  韩涛 《干旱气象》2013,(4):657-665

NDVI／MODIS、NDVI／GIMMS和NDVI／NSMC是时间长度不同、空间分辨率相差甚远的3套ND—VI数据集,如何集成应用这些不同时间长度、不同分辨率的数据进行相关研究,数据集间的比较是最基础的工作。本文以甘肃省甘南州玛曲县为例,用直方图、相关分析、趋势分析等方法研究了这3套NDVI产品数据集的相互关系。结果表明：1）NDVI／NSMC与NDVI/MODIS的直方图具有类似的图像分布特征,但是NDVI／MODIS数据分布范围更大;2）3套NDVI在数值上表现为NDVI／MODIS〉NDVI／GIMMS〉NDVI／NSMC;3）3套数据集空间图像特征一致,两两间均具有十分显著的空间相关性,其中1月份相对最弱,5、10月份最强,三者相比NDVIfNSMC与NDVI／MODIS的空间相关性更强;4）1—3月、5—8月及年均的NDVI／GIMMS与NDVI／NSMC值存在显著的时间相关性,但两者逐年变化趋势存在较大差别,两者气候倾向率相差最大的高达5倍之多。NDVIfNSMC数据集在处理过程中可能未进行大气订正及交叉定标,这是造成共同源的NDVIfGIMMS与NDVI／NSMC差异较大的重要原因。  相似文献   

A STUDY ON SATELLITE DATA ASSIMILATION WITH DIFFERENT ATOVS IN TYPHOON NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS     

董海萍  李兴武  郭卫东  高太长 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2013,19(3):242-252

Based on the newly developed Weather Research and Forecasting model(WRF)and its three-dimensional variational data assimilation(3DVAR)system,this study constructed twelve experiments to explore the impact of direct assimilation of different ATOVS radiance on the intensity and track simulation of super-typhoon Fanapi(2010)using a data assimilation cycle method.The result indicates that the assimilation of ATOVS radiance could improve typhoon intensity effectively.The average bias of the central sea level pressure(CSLP)drops to 18 hPa,compared to 42 hPa in the experiment without data assimilation.However,the influence due to different radiance data is not significant,which is less than 6hPa on average,implying limited improvement from sole assimilation of ATOVS radiance.The track issue is studied in the following steps.First,the radiance from the same sensor of different satellites could produce different effect.For the AMSU-A,NOAA-15 and NOAA-18,they produce equivalent improvement,whereas NOAA-16 produces slightly poor effect.And for the AMSU-B,NOAA-15 and NOAA-16,they produce equivalent and more positive effect than that provided by the AMSU-A.Second,the assimilation radiance from different sensors of the identical satellites could also produce different effect.The assimilation of AMSU-B produces the largest improvement,while the ameliorating effect of HIRS/3assimilation is inferior to that of AMSU-B assimilation,while the AMSU-A assimilation exhibits the poorest improvement.Moreover,the simultaneous assimilation of different radiance could not produce further improvement.Finally,the experiments of simultaneous assimilation radiance from multiple satellites indicate that such assimilation may lead to negative effect due to accumulative bias when adding various radiance data into the data assimilation system.Thus the assimilation of ATOVS radiance from a single satellite may perform better than that from two or three satellites.  相似文献   

ANNUAL VARIATIONS OF TEMPERATURE ON FOUR URBAN UNDERLYING SURFACES AND FITTING ANALYSIS   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘霞  王春林  景元书  麦博儒 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2013,19(2):138-144

Based on the observed 2-year temperature data for four kinds of typical urban underlying surfaces, including asphalt, cement, bare land and grass land, the annual variations and influencing factors of land surface temperature are analyzed. Then fitting equations for surface temperature are established. It is shown that the annual variation of daily average, maximum and minimum temperature and daily temperature range on the four urban underlying surfaces is consistent with the change in air temperature. The difference of temperature on different underlying surfaces in the summer half year (May to October) is much more evident than that in the winter half year (December to the following April). The daily average and maximum temperatures of asphalt, cement, bare land and grass land are higher than air temperature due to the atmospheric heating in the daytime, with that of asphalt being the highest, followed in turn by cement, bare land and grass land. Moreover, the daily average, maximum and minimum temperature on the four urban underlying surfaces are strongly impacted by total cloud amount, daily average relative humidity and sunshine hours. The land surface can be cooled (warmed) by increased total cloud amount (relative humidity). The changes in temperature on bare land and grass land are influenced by both the total cloud amount and the daily average relative humidity. The temperature parameters of the four land surfaces are significantly correlated with daily average, maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine hours, daily average relative humidity and total cloud amount, respectively. The analysis also indicates that the range of fitting parameter of a linear regression equation between the surface temperature of the four kinds of typical land surface and the air temperature is from 0.809 to 0.971, passing the F-test with a confidence level of 0.99.  相似文献   

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SSTA IMPACTS UPON THE INTERDECADAL VARIATION OF THE CROSS-EQUATORIAL FLOWS IN EASTERN HEMISPHERE   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾刚  孙照渤  邓伟涛  林朝晖  李春晖 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2013,19(3):223-232

Impacts of regional sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies on the interdecadal variation of the cross-equatorial flows(CEFs)in Eastern Hemisphere are studied using numerical simulations with a global atmospheric circulation model(NCAR CAM3)driven with 1950-2000 monthly SSTs in different marine areas(the globe,extratropics,tropics,tropical Indian Ocean-Pacific,and tropical Pacific)and ERA-40reanalysis data.Results show that all simulations,except the one driven with extratropical SSTs,can simulate the interdecadal strengthening of CEFs around Somali,120oE,and 150oE that occurred in the midand late-1970s.Among those simulated CEFs,the interdecadal variability in Somali and its interdecadal relationship with the East Asian summer monsoon are in better agreement with the observations,suggesting that changes in the SSTs of tropical oceans,especially the tropical Pacific,play a crucial role in the interdecadal variability of CEFs in Somali.The interdecadal change of CEFs in Somali is highly associated with the interdecadal variation of tropical Pacific SST.As the interdecadal warmer(colder)SST happens in the tropical Pacific,a"sandwich"pattern of SST anomalies,i.e."+,-,+"("-,+,-"),will occur in the eastern tropical Pacific from north to south with a pair of anomalous anticyclone(cyclone)at the lower troposphere;the pair links to another pair of anomalous cyclone(anticyclone)in the tropical Indian Ocean through an atmospheric bridge,and thus strengthens(weakens)the CEFs in Somali.  相似文献   

水平风作用下雨滴水平速度的数值仿真   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏小勇  高太长  刘西川  赵世军 《气象科学》2013,33(3):282-288

为了研究雨滴在水平风作用下的水平移动情况,在分析水平风作用下雨滴受力情况的基础上,通过对曳力系数与雷诺数对应关系的研究,采用数值仿真的方法分别对海平面大气条件和不同大气条件下雨滴水平运动速度进行仿真.结果表明:当有水平风作用时,雨滴的水平运动速度不等于风的速度,而是随雨滴直径和水平风速的变化而变化;在水平风作用下,雨滴的水平移动速度可以在较短的时间内(一般小于15 s)达到一个稳定的值;在水平风速相同的情况下,气压越高、温度越低,雨滴达到平衡时的水平移动末速度相对越大,反之则越小.这些结论对基于图像采集原理的光学降水自动观测仪器进行雨滴图像拼合有重要的应用价值.  相似文献