Multi-scale temporospatial variability of the East Asian Meiyu-Baiu fronts: characterization with a suite of new objective indices     

Li  Yana  Deng  Yi  Yang  Song  Zhang  Henian 《Climate Dynamics》2018,51(5-6):1659-1670

Climate Dynamics - The Meiyu-Baiu front (MBF) is the primary weather system modulating the monsoonal rainfall in East Asia, and it exhibits pronounced variability across multiple temporal and...  相似文献   

Subseasonal Zonal Oscillation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High during Early Summer     

Weina Guan  Xuejuan Ren  Wei Shang  Haibo Hu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2018,32(5):768-780

This study examines the features and dynamical processes of subseasonal zonal oscillation of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) during early summer, by performing a multivariate empirical orthogonal function (MVEOF) analysis on daily winds and a diagnosis on potential vorticity (PV) at 500 hPa for the period 1979–2016. The first MV-EOF mode is characterized by an anticyclonic anomaly occupying southeastern China to subtropical western North Pacific regions. It has a period of 10–25 days and represents zonal shift of the WPSH. When the WPSH stretches more westward, the South Asian high (SAH) extends more eastward. Above-normal precipitation is observed over the Yangtze–Huaihe River (YHR) basin. Suppressed convection with anomalous descending motion is located over the subtropical western North Pacific. The relative zonal movement of the SAH and the WPSH helps to establish an anomalous local vertical circulation of ascending motion with upper-level divergence over the YHR basin and descending motion with upper-level convergence over the subtropical western Pacific. The above local vertical circulation provides a dynamic condition for persistent rainfall over the YHR basin. An enhanced southwest flow over the WPSH’s western edge transports more moisture to eastern China, providing a necessary water vapor condition for the persistent rainfall over the YHR basin. A potential vorticity diagnosis reveals that anomalous diabatic heating is a main source for PV generation. The anomalous cooling over the subtropical western Pacific produces a local negative PV center at 500 hPa. The anomalous heating over the YHR basin generates a local positive PV center. The above south–north dipolar structure of PV anomaly along with the climatological southerly flow leads to northward advection of negative PV. These two processes are conducive to the WPSH’s westward extension. The vertical advection process is unfavorable to the westward extension but contributes to the eastward retreat of the WPSH.  相似文献   

北京地区大气湿度变化及城市化影响分析     

郑祚芳  任国玉 《气象》2018,44(11):1471-1478

应用北京20个常规气象站1976—2015年逐日观测及同期北京城市发展数据,并借鉴一个新的城、郊区代表站点分类方法,分析了北京地区相对湿度的分布、变化特征及其对城市化的响应。结果表明:(1)北京地区相对湿度的空间分布不均匀,城市化发展早期相对湿度的分布主要受地形影响,城市化程度较高的年代城市效应的影响更为明显,(2)近40年来北京地区平均相对湿度呈现下降趋势,线性倾向率为-0.9%·(10 a)~(-1)。城区相对湿度的下降速率比郊区大,城、郊差异主要表现在20世纪90年代以后;(3)近40年来北京城市干岛强度呈上升趋势,线性倾向率为1.3%·(10 a)~(-1),城市干岛效应在季节分布上以冬季为最强,秋、春季次之,夏季较弱。检验表明自1995年以来北京干岛效应呈现出更为明显的增强趋势;(4)北京城市干岛效应与城市化进程有密切联系,其与北京城市化率及城市热岛强度之间具有显著的高相关性,相关系数分别高达0.87和0.86。  相似文献   

华南冬末春初降水变异关联主模态及机理     

邢佳鸽  胡奕阳  简茂球 《热带气象学报》2023,(3):402-412

基于1951—2018年再分析资料和观测的降水量资料,采用联合经验正交函数分解的方法,分析了华南冬末春初(2、3月)降水年际变异特征,并讨论了相应的环流背景及物理机制。华南2、3月降水变异的第一关联主模态反映出全区2、3月同相变化,第二模态呈现反相变化。第一模态的降水异常与ENSO关联的热带海温异常分布有关,其导致的西太平洋异常反气旋的维持使得2、3月的降水持续出现同相异常。第二模态的降水异常与中高纬度的大气环流异常有关：2月表现为欧亚遥相关型,3月则表现为北极涛动型。第二模态2、3月位势高度异常型的转变分别与北大西洋的热通量的异常变化及平流层极涡信号的下传有关：当2月北大西洋热通量正异常显著时,500 hPa高度场呈现欧亚遥相关(EU)负位相的分布;平流层极涡异常信号在3月下传达到对流层低层,使得3月对流层极涡增强,有利于北极涛动(AO)正位相的形成。2、3月欧亚大陆上空分别在EU遥相关型和AO型环流异常的影响下,导致了华南地区上空的大气环流的辐合辐散异常,并最终造成2、3月华南的降水量反相异常的出现。  相似文献   

ENSO位相转换对华北雨季降水的影响   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

赵树云  陈丽娟  崔童 《大气科学》2017,41(4):857-868

利用国家气候中心华北地区站点雨季降水数据及美国国家环境预报中心和大气研究中心（NCEP/NCAR）的再分析数据等资料,采用统计诊断方法,分析了1961~2014年华北雨季降水异常偏多（少）年对应的Ni?o3.4指数变化特征,发现华北雨季降水异常偏多年通常发生在El Ni?o结束且当年转为La Ni?a的年份,而华北雨季降水异常偏少年通常发生在赤道中东太平洋冷水位相结束且当年发展成El Ni?o事件的年份。并且在华北雨季降水异常偏多年,7~8月华北平均日降水量超过10 mm的天数约占25%,日降水量在4~10 mm的天数也约占25%,两者所占比率远高于华北雨季降水异常偏少年。对华北雨季降水异常偏多年的同期环流特征分析显示:西北太平洋副热带高压（副高）北跳偏早且有明显阶段性偏北情况,同时东亚高空副热带西风急流北移,从而造成华北雨季天气过程频繁、降水偏多。进一步诊断环流特征与ENSO位相转换的关系发现:相比El Ni?o衰减年,在El Ni?o转为La Ni?a的年份,7~8月500 hPa日本海到渤海正位势高度距平加强,更符合华北雨季降水偏多年的典型环流特征;同时热带沃克环流显著加强,造成东亚高空副热带西风急流北移更为显著,从而更有利于华北盛夏和雨季降水偏多。文中揭示的现象启示我们在做华北盛夏降水和雨季降水的预测时,需要关注ENSO事件前期的变化速度以及未来的演变特征。  相似文献   

利用高原积雪信号改进我国南方夏季降水预测的新方法及其在2014年降水预测中的应用试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘颖  任宏利  张培群  贾小龙  刘向文  孙林海 《大气科学》2017,41(2):313-320

2014年夏季我国南方出现严重洪涝、北方大部干旱,国内绝大多数预测模型在三月起报的汛期预测中均未能抓住位于南方地区的异常雨带,导致预测准确率明显偏低。基于模式对东亚地区夏季海平面气压场的高预报技巧和青藏高原冬季积雪与南方地区夏季降水的高相关性,本文提出一个针对我国夏季降水异常的组合统计降尺度预测新方法（Hybrid Statistical Downscaling Prediction,简称HSDP）,该方法综合利用了气候模式输出的高可预报性环流信息和前期观测的高原积雪异常信号,从而实现对我国南方夏季降水进行动力-统计相结合的改进预报。据此方法建立了一个基于国家气候中心气候预测模式的统计降尺度模型。对我国南方夏季降水进行跨季节预测的交叉检验结果显示,HSDP方法对于南方地区多年平均空间距平相关系数从模式原始预报的-0.006提高到0.24,且在大多数年份均有改进。基于HSDP方法于三月份制作的2014年夏季降水预测,能够很好地抓住南涝北旱的基本形势和我国南方的降水大值区,空间距平相关系数达到0.43。这表明,该方法对于我国夏季降水预测具有较好业务应用前景。  相似文献   

Observed seasonal and interannual variability of the near-surface thermal structure of the Arabian Sea Warm Pool     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2017

The observed seasonal and interannual variability of near-surface thermal structure of the Arabian Sea Warm Pool (ASWP) is examined utilizing a reanalysis data set for the period 1990–2008. During a year, the ASWP progressively builds from February, reaches its peak by May only in the topmost 60 m water column. The ASWP Index showed a strong seasonal cycle with distinct interannual signatures. The years with higher (lower) sea surface temperature (SST) and larger (smaller) spatial extent are termed as strong (weak) ASWP years. The differences in the magnitude and spatial extent of thermal structure between the strong and weak ASWP regimes are seen more prominently in the topmost 40 m water column. The heat content values with respect to 28 °C isotherm (HC28) are relatively higher (lower) during strong (weak) ASWP years. Even the secondary peak in HC28 seen during the preceding November–December showed higher (lower) magnitude during the strong ASWP (weak) years. The influence of the observed variability in the surface wind field, surface net air–sea heat flux, near-surface mixed layer thickness, sea surface height (SSH) anomaly, depth of 20 °C isotherm and barrier layer thickness is examined to explain the observed differences in the near-surface thermal structure of the ASWP between strong and weak regimes. The surface wind speed is much weaker in particular during the preceding October and February–March corresponding to the strong ASWP years when compared to those of the weak ASWP years implying its important role. Both stronger winter cooling during weak ASWP years and stronger pre-monsoon heating during strong ASWP years through the surface air–sea heat fluxes contribute to the observed sharp contrast in the magnitudes of both the regimes of the ASWP. The upwelling Rossby wave during the preceding summer monsoon, post-monsoon and winter seasons is stronger corresponding to the weak ASWP regime when compared to the strong ASWP regime resulting in greater cooling of the near-surface layers during the summer monsoon season of the preceding year. On the other hand, the downwelling Rossby wave is stronger during pre-monsoon months during the strong ASWP regime when compared to weak ASWP regime leading to lesser cooling during strong ASWP regime.  相似文献   

2016年和1998年汛期降水特征及物理机制对比分析   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

袁媛  高辉  李维京  柳艳菊  陈丽娟  周兵  丁一汇 《气象学报》2017,75(1):19-38

利用多种大气环流、海表温度、积雪面积等数据,并利用个例对比分析和统计方法,研究了2016年汛期（5-8月）中国旱、涝特征及与1998年的异同点,并对比分析了这两年导致降水异常的大气环流和外强迫因子。结果表明:（1）2016年汛期中国降水总体偏多,长江中下游和华北各有一支多雨带。与1998年相比,这两年南方多雨带均位于长江流域,梅雨雨量均较常年偏多1倍以上,但梅雨季节进程有显著差异,1998年发生典型的“二度梅”,而2016年梅雨结束后长江流域降水显著偏少,主要降水区移至北方。（2）2016年5-7月乌拉尔山高压脊明显偏弱,而1998年欧亚中高纬度呈“两脊一槽”型,这与北大西洋海温距平在这两年前冬至春季几乎完全相反的分布型密切相关。（3）这两年5-7月热带和副热带地区环流较为相似,副热带高压偏强、偏西,东亚夏季风偏弱,来自西北太平洋的水汽输送通量均在长江中下游形成异常辐合区,这主要是受到了前期相似的热带海温异常的影响,均为超强厄尔尼诺事件和热带印度洋全区一致偏暖模态。（4）这两年8月环流形势有显著差异,2016年8月副热带高压断裂,西段与大陆高压结合持续控制中国东部上空,夏季风迅速转强,长江流域高温少雨。而1998年8月夏季风进一步减弱,长江流域发生“二度梅”。2016年8月MJO异常活跃并长时间维持在西太平洋地区,激发频繁的热带气旋活动,对副热带地区大气环流的转折有重要作用。而1998年8月MJO主要活跃在印度洋地区,使得副高持续前期偏强的特征。除海洋和上述环流差异外,2016年前冬至春季青藏高原积雪的冷源热力效应远不及1998年强,这可能是导致2016年夏季风偏弱的程度不及1998年,而2016年汛期华北降水较1998年偏多的原因之一。   相似文献   

华南夏季12-30 d持续性强降水的低频特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

魏蕾  房佳蓓  杨修群 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,75(1):80-97

利用1982-2011年夏季（5-8月）中国气象观测站点逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料、NOAA逐日向外长波辐射和海表温度资料集,通过选取低频降水事件的方法,分析了华南夏季12-30 d持续性强降水事件的基本特征,然后利用位相合成法对持续性强降水期间伴随的低频大气环流型以及低频信号的来源和传播情况进行研究,同时也分析了低频海-气耦合过程对持续性强降水的影响。结果表明：（1）华南夏季降水具有显著的12-30 d低频振荡特征,持续性强降水事件在6月发生次数最多,低频降水期间的雨带自东南向西北传播。（2）在持续性强降水发生期间,华南及邻近海域低层受强大的低频气旋式环流控制,低频上升运动显著,而中国南海-菲律宾海一带则是强的低频反气旋式环流,其西侧向北的低频水汽输送不断将中国南海的水汽送至华南及邻近海域进行辐合上升。低层的低频信号来源于热带西太平洋和中国南海-菲律宾海一带低频振荡的西北向传播,同时伴随着西太平洋副热带高压明显的西伸东退过程。（3）在高层,华南北侧（22°-45°N,95°-130°E）区域强大的低频气旋式环流和孟加拉湾-中国南海一带的低频反气旋式环流相互配合,使华南高层处于强大的辐散环境中,从而加强了华南低层的辐合与低频上升运动,造成持续性强降水的增强。高层的低频信号来源于低频罗斯贝波列的东南向传播。（4）低频大气环流异常通过云辐射和热通量过程改变低频海表温度异常,而由大气强迫的低频海表温度异常通过影响低层大气的稳定性来对大气施加明显的反馈作用,该海-气耦合过程有利于大气低层低频信号向华南地区传播,从而影响了华南持续性强降水的发生、发展与结束。  相似文献   

Interdecadal variations of ENSO around 1999/2000          下载免费PDF全文

Zeng-Zhen Hu  Arun Kumar  Bohua Huang  Jieshun Zhu  Hong-Li Ren 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(1):73-81

This paper discusses the interdecadal changes of the climate in the tropical Pacific with a focus on the corresponding changes in the characteristics of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Compared with 1979–1999, the whole tropical Pacific climate system, including both the ocean and atmosphere, shifted to a lower variability regime after 1999/2000. Meanwhile, the frequency of ENSO became less regular and was closer to a white noise process. The lead time of the equatorial Pacific's subsurface ocean heat content in preceding ENSO decreased remarkably, in addition to a reduction in the maximum correlation between them. The weakening of the correlation and the shortening of the lead time pose more challenges for ENSO prediction, and is the likely reason behind the decrease in skill with respect to ENSO prediction after 2000. Coincident with the changes in tropical Pacific climate variability, the mean states of the atmospheric and oceanic components also experienced physically coherent changes. The warm anomaly of SST in the western Pacific and cold anomaly in the eastern Pacific resulted in an increased zonal SST gradient, linked to an enhancement in surface wind stress and strengthening of the Walker circulation, as well as an increase in the slope of the thermocline. These changes were consistent with an increase (a decrease) in precipitation and an enhancement (a suppression) of the deep convection in the western (eastern) equatorial Pacific. Possible connections between the mean state and ENSO variability and frequency changes in the tropical Pacific are also discussed.  相似文献