共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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利用1981—2014年的地面观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,根据卫星数据实现城郊站点分类,选取赤壁站作为城市站,崇阳站作为郊区站,分析咸宁地区相对湿度和风的年和季节变化特征,并采用UMR(Urban Minus Rural)方法和OMR(Observation Minus Reanalysis)方法定量解析城市化对咸宁地区相对湿度和风速的影响。结果表明:近34年来城区和郊区的风速分别以-0.18 m·s~(-1)/10a和-0.05 m·s~(-1)/10a的速率逐渐减小,UMR值(城郊距平差)的变化趋势为-0.13 m·s~(-1)/10a,对应的城市化贡献率为75%,城市化对风速的影响在夏季最为明显,其贡献率为100%。近34年来城区和郊区的相对湿度分别以-1.34%/10a和-2.49%/10a的速度减小,且郊区减小的幅度大于城区的,近10年来城区的相对湿度开始大于郊区的,城市化对咸宁地区相对湿度的影响表现为由"干岛效应"向"湿岛效应"的转换,且"湿岛效应"在夏季表现最为明显。利用UMR和OMR方法计算的风速和相对湿度的变化趋势较为一致,但UMR计算结果表明城市化对风速减小及相对湿度增加的影响更为显著,能更好地反映城市化进程对咸宁地区相对湿度和风速的影响。 相似文献
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北京地区降水空间分布及城市效应分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1971-2010年北京地区20个测站降水资料和城市发展数据,分析了北京地区降水的大尺度变化趋势及局地降水的城市效应特征。结果表明:(1)北京地区年降水量具有大尺度变化特征,其线性倾向率为-9.12 mm·(10a)-1;(2)城市化缓慢期城市对降水影响不明显,而快速发展期则表现出明显的雨岛效应,城市化不仅使雨岛增强,还对城市下风向降水有一定影响;(3)受盛行风及热岛环流的共同影响,北京地区不同季节局地降水表现出不同的分布形态;(4)城市化过程对城区局地强降水日数存在增加效应。 相似文献
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利用1976—2014年乌鲁木齐城区和郊区两个气象站的气温、降水、相对湿度和风速气象数据及1995—2014年乌鲁木齐市城市发展数据,运用线性趋势对比分析城区和郊区各气候要素的年际变化特征;采用相关分析法对城市化因子和气候要素进行了探讨。结果表明:城、郊区气温均呈明显的上升趋势,城区的年均气温高于郊区;城区降水量是郊区的3.93倍,增长速率是郊区的3.98倍;各年代城区相对湿度比郊区大,但呈下降趋势,郊区呈上升趋势;各年代郊区风速大于城区,郊区风速约为城区的2.35倍,均呈下降趋势。近20 a,乌鲁木齐城市化进程加快,对局地气候影响明显,其中对平均气温和相对湿度的影响最为显著。 相似文献
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利用1960—2009年北京地区20个气象台站的观测资料,分析了北京城区和郊区蒸发皿蒸发量的季节和年际变化趋势和特点,并探讨了城市化对北京地区局地气候的影响。结果表明:近50 a北京地区蒸发量有明显减小趋势,城区和郊区变化趋势分别为-88.1 mm/10a和-76.0 mm/10a。受城市化影响,北京城区蒸发量的变化主要与降水、日照时数、最低气温、气温日较差和平均风速的变化有关;郊区蒸发量的变化主要受相对湿度、日照时数、平均风速和空气饱和差的变化影响。总体而言,相对湿度、日照时数、最低气温、气温日较差和平均风速的变化对北京地区蒸发量的变化有显著影响。 相似文献
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利用1960—2009年北京地区20个气象台站的观测资料,分析
了北京城区和郊区蒸发皿蒸发量的季节和年际变化趋势和特点,并探讨了城市化对北京地区局地气候的影响。结果表明：近50 a
北京地区蒸发量有明显减小趋势,城区和郊区变化趋势分别为-881 mm/10a和-760 mm/10a。受城市化影响,北京城
区蒸发量的变化主要与降水、日照时数、最低气温、气温日较差和平均风速的变化有关;郊区蒸发量的变化主要受相对湿度、日照
时数、平均风速和空气饱和差的变化影响。总体而言,相对湿度、日照时数、最低气温、气温日较差和平均风速的变化对北京地区
蒸发量的变化有显著影响。 相似文献
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北京地区夏季极端降水变化特征及城市化的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
应用北京地区20站1971—2010年降水记录及城市发展数据,采用百分位方法定义极端降水事件的阈值,分析了北京地区夏季极端降水事件的时空变化特征及城市化的影响。结果表明：(1)北京夏季极端降水阈值及频数存在较强局地性特征,基本沿地形高度分布,极端降水频数多发区与高阈值区不完全对应;(2)近40年极端降水频率及强度均呈现下降趋势,年际及年代际差异显著;(3)城市化发展不同阶段极端降水强度及频数均有不同的分布形态,城市化对城市不同区域极端降水影响不一样,城市化导致城市下风向近郊区极端降水强度、次数均表现为增多趋势;(4)城市对极端降水的影响还与天气过程强度有关,强天气背景下城市对极端降水频数的影响程度高于对降水强度的影响。 相似文献
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城市化与北京地区降水分布变化初探 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
根据北京地区城市化进展的程度,以1980年为分界点,将1961～1980年划分为城市化慢速期,1981～2000年划分为城市化快速期。利用北京地区14个标准气象站40年的降水量资料,研究了城市化对北京地区降水分布的可能影响。初步的研究结果表明:北京地区冬季降水量分布发生了显著的系统性的变化,即城市化缓慢期北京地区南部为降水较多地区,北部为降水偏少地区;城市化快速期相对降水量的分布则正好相反,南部地区变为降水较少地区,而北部变为降水偏多地区。其他季节,北京地区的相对降水量分布并未发生整体性的显著变化。造成冬季降水分布变化的原因可能是随着城市规模的扩大,北京冬季"城市热岛"和"城市干岛"效应增强进而使云下蒸发过程增强,造成城区及南部地区地面降水量减少。至于夏季降水分布并未发生系统性的变化,还需深入研究。以上结果与国内外的相关研究结论大相径庭。 相似文献
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利用乌鲁木齐-昌吉地区3个城市气象站和3个郊区气象站1976-2008年的气温观测资料,分析了乌鲁木齐及周边城市发展的热岛效应。结果表明,33年来乌鲁木齐-昌吉地区城市化对城市地面平均气温具有显著影响,气温随年代递增率城市大于农村,城市和郊区年平均气温递增率分别为0.79和0.38℃.(10a)-1;城市气温的极端性趋于弱化,近33年地面气温递增的最主要表现是城市平均最低气温明显上升,城市和郊区年平均最低气温的递增率分别为1.12和0.41℃.(10a)-1;城市气温日较差呈明显的下降趋势,郊区却略呈上升趋势;城市寒冷日数减少的趋势大于农村,城市采暖季最低气温随年代的递增趋势最为显著,采暖季城市和农村平均最低气温的递增率分别是1.46和0.57℃.(10a)-1;年平均热岛强度递增率为0.71℃.(10a)-1,冬季为1.06℃.(10a)-1,秋、春和夏季分别为0.63,0.57和0.46℃.(10a)-1。热岛强度夜间强、白天弱,02:00,08:00,14:00和20:00的平均热岛强度分别为2.9,2.9,0.0和3.0℃,其中02:00和08:00热岛强度递增率分别是1.17和1.13℃.(10a)-1,20:00为0.70℃.(10a)-1,冬季没有逆温的状况下,市区高温区与繁华区相吻合,城区中心的温度比郊区高3~4℃。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献