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1.
北京城市化发展对温度、相对湿度和降水的影响 总被引：23，自引：4，他引：19
利用1961～2000年北京13个台站的气候观测资料及北京统计年鉴资料,分析了过去40年北京城区、郊区的气温、相对湿度和降水等气候因子的年际、季节变化趋势,结合北京城市化进程中人口、基本设施投资额、房屋施工面积和道路面积等城市发展数据的年际变化进行分析.结果表明:在这40年中,北京城区、郊区的年平均温度都呈明显上升趋势,城区比郊区上升幅度快,热岛强度也在不断加强,其中以城区最低温度上升最为明显,并且热岛强度与北京人口等城市发展数据的年际变化有较强的相关性.城区年平均相对湿度总体呈下降趋势,郊区则略有上升;本地年均降水量呈下降趋势,城区下降幅度比郊区明显,并且波动性增强.各气候因子的季节变化趋势总体上与年平均变化趋势一致,个别季节变化趋势受城市化及季节自身因素影响,与年平均变化趋势有所差异.过去40年北京城区、郊区的气候演变趋势及与城市发展数据的关系表明,城市的快速发展和城市化进程的加快已经对北京局地气候变化产生了重要的影响. 相似文献
2.
《干旱气象》2020,(3)
利用浙江省沿海宁波市鄞州站(城区)和石浦站(海岛)1956—2018年逐日最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度和风速资料,结合宁波1978—2017年城市化进程参数,研究城市化进程对人体舒适度气象指数(BCMI)及相关气象要素的影响。结果表明:(1)宁波沿海城市城区和海岛年平均最高气温、最低气温均呈增高趋势,城市化进程对城区最高气温、最低气温增幅的贡献率分别为32.3%、48.8%;(2)城市化导致城区年平均相对湿度呈减小趋势,海岛站相对湿度变化不明显;(3)城区和海岛年平均风速均呈减小趋势,城区风速突变年份相对更早,但风速的减小主要是气候自然变化所致,与城市化进程关系不大;(4)气温对人体舒适度指数BCMI的影响最大,城区夏季和冬季极端气温下的BCMI均表现出增大趋势,夏季往炎热不舒适方向发展,冬季则往舒适方向发展;(5)宁波城市化进程参数K与城区BCMI表现出明显的正相关性,城市化进程对城区夏季最高气温和冬季最低气温增幅的贡献率分别为57.8%和46.1%。 相似文献
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利用1960—2009年北京地区20个气象台站的观测资料,分析了北京城区和郊区蒸发皿蒸发量的季节和年际变化趋势和特点,并探讨了城市化对北京地区局地气候的影响。结果表明:近50 a北京地区蒸发量有明显减小趋势,城区和郊区变化趋势分别为-88.1 mm/10a和-76.0 mm/10a。受城市化影响,北京城区蒸发量的变化主要与降水、日照时数、最低气温、气温日较差和平均风速的变化有关;郊区蒸发量的变化主要受相对湿度、日照时数、平均风速和空气饱和差的变化影响。总体而言,相对湿度、日照时数、最低气温、气温日较差和平均风速的变化对北京地区蒸发量的变化有显著影响。 相似文献
4.
利用1961～2008年北京12个台站的气候观测资料, 研究分析了北京城区和郊区气温、降水、相对湿度、风速的年际和四季变化趋势及特点, 并探讨了城市化发展对北京区域气候的影响。结果表明: 近半个世纪以来, 平均气温上升明显, 其中尤以冬季最为突出, 而夏季最弱。通过气温变化的年代比较发现气温增加有加快的趋势, 尤其是城市地区, 导致热岛效应不断加强, 特别是1990年代以后增幅更加明显。最高和最低气温在近48年来也都呈上升趋势, 且城市化发展对最低气温的变化影响最大, 其次是平均气温, 对最高气温影响最弱。而降水有减弱的趋势, 尤其是夏季的降水减弱最为明显。城区的风速和湿度都呈减小的趋势, 这与城市化的加剧, 尤其是下垫面的变化有密切的关系。 相似文献
5.
利用1960—2009年北京地区20个气象台站的观测资料,分析
了北京城区和郊区蒸发皿蒸发量的季节和年际变化趋势和特点,并探讨了城市化对北京地区局地气候的影响。结果表明：近50 a
北京地区蒸发量有明显减小趋势,城区和郊区变化趋势分别为-881 mm/10a和-760 mm/10a。受城市化影响,北京城
区蒸发量的变化主要与降水、日照时数、最低气温、气温日较差和平均风速的变化有关;郊区蒸发量的变化主要受相对湿度、日照
时数、平均风速和空气饱和差的变化影响。总体而言,相对湿度、日照时数、最低气温、气温日较差和平均风速的变化对北京地区
蒸发量的变化有显著影响。 相似文献
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利用乌鲁木齐达坂城国家基本气象站1964—2008年蒸发量实测资料,分析了达坂城蒸发量的变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明：达坂城年、季和月的蒸发量均呈现不同程度的下降趋势,年蒸发量以179.7mm/10a的倾向率减少。减少趋势主要表现在夏季、春季,其中5月份蒸发量减少趋势最明显。影响蒸发量变化的因子有日照、气温、风速、相对湿度等,其中蒸发量与风速呈显著正相关,与日照、气温、相对湿度均呈负相关。风速的逐年减小和相对湿度的逐年增加,是导致该地区蒸发量减少的重要因素,同时期气温的上升趋势和干旱指数分析表明达坂城地区气候逐渐转向暖湿的信号已经出现。 相似文献
8.
乌鲁木齐河流域参考作物蒸散量时空变化特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据乌鲁木齐河流域5个气象站近30a的地面气象观测资料.应用1998年FAO最新推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算了各月参考作物蒸散量ETo,在此基础上,分析了ETo的月际和年际变化特征,并探讨了各气候要素和海拔高度与ETo的相关关系。结果表明,乌鲁木齐河流域ETo空间变化较大。从山前冲洪积平原的人工绿洲区到高寒地带的乌鲁木齐河源头ETo多年平均值呈明显递减趋势,平均垂直递减率为17.3mm.（100m）-1;30a来,流域各站的年参考作物蒸散量ETo均呈递减趋势,递减速率为-0.05mm.a-1～-5.21mm.a-1;ETo与平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、空气相对湿度、风速、日照时数、降水量和小型蒸发皿蒸发量均具有较好的相关性;造成近30a乌鲁木齐河流域参考作物蒸散量呈递减趋势的气候原因是：气温、空气相对湿度升高和降水增多以及风速、日照时数减小等气候变化综合作用的结果。 相似文献
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城市化对北京地区日照时数和云量变化趋势的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用1961～2008年北京城区和郊区12个台站的气候观测资料,采用趋势分析和累积距平的方法,研究了北京城区和郊区近48年的日照时数、总云量及低云量的年际和四季变化趋势,并探讨了城市化进程对日照和云量变化的影响。结果表明：近48年来,城区的总云量和日照时数呈减少趋势,但低云量呈增加趋势;郊区的总云量和低云量呈增加趋势,而日照时数呈减少趋势;具体到年代变化,1980年代初以后,城区总云量呈减少趋势,且1990年代减少的趋势最为明显,2000年后,城区总云量变化发生逆转,呈显著增加趋势。对于低云量,1960年代到1980年代,城区郊区低云量呈波动减少趋势,而1990年代到2000年代后呈波动增加趋势。对于日照时数,1960年代到1980年代城区郊区日照时数均呈增加趋势,1990年代至2000年代则呈明显减少的趋势。低云量与日照时数表现出明显负相关特征,这与北京城市化发展对区域气候的影响有密切的关系。 相似文献
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利用1951—2005年辽宁省沿海轻工业城市营口和重工业城市鞍山的气温、降水、云量、相对湿度及平均风速等气候资料,采用对比分析方法,分析了近55 a来2城市的各类气候变化特征及产生的原因。结果表明:近55 a来营口和鞍山平均气温呈递增趋势,降水、总云量、平均风速和相对湿度均呈递减趋势,只有低云量变化趋势不同,其中营口呈递增趋势,鞍山呈递减趋势,鞍山平均气温递增趋势及总云量、平均风速和相对湿度递减趋势均强于营口同类气候要素变化;营口和鞍山城市平均气温、相对湿度、低云量和风力气候要素特征趋势变率较大,降水和总云量趋势变率相对较小。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献