沉积盆地铀-油(气)共生机理          下载免费PDF全文

妥成荣  黄志新 《地质找矿论丛》2016,31(4):529-537

产于含油(气)盆地中的地浸砂岩型铀矿床与油(气)关系密切,在空间上常与油(气)藏呈共生关系。文章认为其成矿条件和控矿因素相似,并且具有成因联系是二者共生的主要原因。砂岩型铀矿和油(气)藏具有相似的成矿大地构造背景、岩相古地理条件、容矿地层、岩性圈闭、构造控矿条件和有机质基础;在成因上油(气)中的不同组分及其次生矿物对铀有重要的吸附和还原作用,是铀沉淀富集的重要因素之一,铀等放射性元素的存在也有利于油气的生成。由于成矿机理的差异性,砂岩型铀矿与油(气)藏属于异体共生矿床,二者的产出位置并不完全重叠,砂岩型铀矿的产出位置往往更靠近盆缘,且在油(气)储层上方,或以单一矿种产出。  相似文献   

基于灰色关联度法的可拓理论在霍尔古吐水电站坝址区泥石流危险性评价中的应用     

吕擎峰  李军鹏  赵本山  何晓东 《工程地质学报》2016,24(2):211-219

泥石流危险性评价是灾情预测、防灾救灾决策中的重要内容,是国内外灾害科学研究的热点之一。本文以新疆开都河霍尔古吐水电站坝址区群沟泥石流为研究对象,在对泥石流区域地质环境研究的基础上,选取泥石流规模、爆发频率等8个因素作为评价因子,采用灰色关联度确定评价因子权重,运用可拓理论,通过定性和类比的方法对群发泥石流区域进行危险性评价。将评价结果与刘希林提出的单沟泥石流评价结果比较,清水沟与雪莲沟的可拓法评价危险度等级要高于单沟泥石流评价结果,这一结果和现场调查情况相吻合。因此,基于灰色关联度法的可拓理论对霍尔古吐水电站坝址区群发泥石流危险度评价结果合理可靠,进而为坝区泥石流危险性评估、规划防治提供合理的科学依据。  相似文献   

敦煌莫高窟玉门组砂砾岩风化特征研究     

叶飞  谌文武  梁行洲  张景科  郭志谦  郭青林 《工程地质学报》2016,24(6):1286-1293

风化是引起莫高窟围岩（砂砾岩）破坏的一种重要病害,严重影响莫高窟的长期保存。为研究莫高窟玉门组砂砾岩的风化特征,选取莫高窟南侧一处崖体为试验点,采用逐层剥离的方法,分别在距崖体侧表面0cm、3cm、5cm、8cm及10cm深度处进行现场声波测试、回弹测试并取样进行X-射线衍射试验和易溶盐试验。试验结果表明:莫高窟围岩在风化作用下强度降低,现场声波测试和回弹测试结果均随着开挖深度的增加而不断升高;砂砾岩胶结物的主要矿物为石英、方解石、长石、白云石、石膏等,主要黏土矿物是绿泥石;其可溶盐主要包括Na₂SO₄、NaCl、CaSO₄等。同时结合气象数据及试验结果,分析了影响岩体风化的主要因素,初步讨论了岩体的风化机理,包括:（1）温度应力引起岩体结构破坏和裂隙发育;（2）胶结物中的主要矿物方解石易于发生水化作用,转化成易溶的Ca（HCO₃）₂,发生迁移,破坏岩体的胶结结构;（3）盐风化也是岩体风化的一个重要方式,Na₂SO₄、CaSO₄等可溶盐在水汽作用下发生溶解、结晶及水合作用,体积膨胀,对孔隙壁产生较大压力,致使岩体颗粒之间联结减弱,结构破坏,裂隙发育。  相似文献   

季节性冰封热融浅湖水温原位观测及其分层特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黄文峰  韩红卫  牛富俊  李志军 《水科学进展》2016,27(2):280-289

为探究季节性冰封浅湖热力学特征,于2010年10月至2013年7月对高原腹地一典型热融湖塘冰层生消、水/冰温及气象条件开展原位观测,分析了水温分布时间变化、温跃层以及冰生消对水温结构的影响。结果发现:冰面升华显著,贯穿整个冰期;水温日变化、季节变化和垂直结构受气温、大气辐射、风速、冰生消和湖底沉积层热贡献影响显著;在"无冰期-结冰前-冰生长期-冰融化期-融化后-无冰期"年循环过程中水温垂直结构分别呈现出"分层-翻转-逆温分层-逆温与正温共存-翻转-分层"的循环过程。分层期水温结构仅由上部混合层和温跃层构成,且偶因强风搅动而全湖翻转混合。可见,相比大中型湖泊,季节性冰封浅湖热力学结构差异显著。  相似文献   

Review of Earth Critical Zone Research   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

An Peijun  Zhang Zhiqiang  Wang Liwei 《地球科学进展》2016,31(12):1228-1234

Since the Earth Critical Zone put forward by National Research Council of America in 2001, it has got a lot of attention and some significant progresses have been made. This paper summarized those Earth Critical Zone projects and related research plans organized and implemented by the United States of America, Germany, Australia, France, China and the European Union, as well as main scientific problems and future development direction in the study of Earth Critical Zone. According to research status of China, the four main research contents should be strengthened including structure, formation and evolution mechanism of Earth Critical Zone, the coulpling interaction mechanism between migration and transformation of material and multi-processes, sevice function and evolution features of Earth Critical Zone and its support and effect on sustainable development, model simulation of process and system of Earth Critical Zone. In addition, our country should actively conduct cooperation and communication with the advanced countries, and enhance our involvement in international key research plans.  相似文献   

Analysis on Marine Science and Technology Strategy and Key Layout of Japan and the Inspirations to China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chen Chun  Gao Feng  Lu Jingliang  Chen Songcong 《地球科学进展》2016,31(12):1247-1254

The Basic Ocean Law (BOL) and Basic Ocean Plan (BLP) are important guarantee for the maritime strategy of Japan, which has established a complete policy system for the development of marine science and technology. On the other hand, the Japanese Government has started some major marine strategies and plans to promote the BLP. In this paper, the marine science and technology plans launched by the Japanese Government and its participation in the international cooperative research projects were introduced. The research of Japan Marine Science and Technology Center and the University of Tokyo Institute of Oceanography in the long-term planning and focus on the layout features, deep sea research technology layout, contents and advanced equipment were analyzed. At last, some recommendations for China’s development on marine science and technology were proposed, such as strengthening the legislation work and process, carrying out research and development of marine infrastructure with independent intellectual property rights, actively participating in international large-scale ocean plan, improving the discourse right and enhancing national maritime awareness and suggestions and so on.  相似文献   

Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of Early Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks of Kalamaili,Xinjiang     

Chen Wanfeng  Guo Gang  Miao Xiuquan  Wang Jinrong  Hu Wanlong  Zhao Binbin  Fan Lifei 《地球科学进展》2016,31(2):180-191

Shanlianglishi Formation strata volcanic rocks are widely distributed in western fault zone of Kalamaili. Studies show that the rocks are basalt, andesite and basaltic andesite, calc-alkaline series with SiO₂ content of samples ranging from 49.43% to 59.08%, TiO₂ (1.18%~2.49%), P₂O₅ (0.21%~0.92%) and MgO (3.81%~6.28%). Samples have relatively high HFSE content (Ti, Zr, Y) and also high La/Nb (2.98~1.96), Zr/Y (9.36~4.01) ratio. The primitive mantle normalized trace element spider shows samples enriched LILE (Rb, Ba, K, U) and Pb, but relatively depleted Nb, Ta and Ti. Rare earth element distribution of REE shows slightly enriched LREE, (La/Yb)_N=1.93~9.59, and that Eu is weakly negative anomaly (δEu=0.87~0.95). Combined with geochemical characteristics of WPB and VAB. Shanlianglishi Formation strata formed in the stretched after collision environmen. After partial melting of the enriched mantle that was previously metasomatized by the subduction fluid and with participation of the subduction sediment, magma experienced a certain degree of fractional crystallization and contamination by earth crust, and then erupted to form the Shanlianglishi Formation strata volcanic rocks. In eraly Late-Carboniferous, extensional movement was the most intense volcanic activity, which reached its peak in this area.  相似文献   

Review on Montane Forest Eco-hydrology in Arid Area     

He Zhibin  Du Jun  Chen Longfei  Zhu Xi  Zhao Minmin 《地球科学进展》2016,31(10):1078-1089

Since the forest eco-hydrology of arid area shows a well sensitivity of the global climate change, the relationship between forest and water and the hydrological function has attracted the attention of academic communites and management departments. This paper expounds the research progress in arid mountain forest eco-hydrology, and analyses the formation and stable mechanism of forest patch pattern, the relationship between forest and water yield and the response of forest eco-hydrology to climate change from three aspects: Forest spatial pattern, hydrological process and its response to climate change. In addition, combined with the current research progress, the research emphases in the future are put forward: Strengthening the research on the coupling of vegetation pattern and hydrological process; solving the scale problem by using remote sensing technique and model; enhancing the understanding towards the hydrological function of forest; determining the suitable forest scale which can balance the relationship of ecology and hydrological effect.  相似文献   

甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗世石拐茨康叶表皮构造及古环境意义     

刘军  马利涛  彭琳  陈应权  张立  范俊杰  闫德飞 《世界地质》2016,35(4):909-919

甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗统窑街组发现茨康类植物化石,通过对其外部形态和表皮构造研究,认定为石拐茨康叶(Czekanowskia(Vachrameevia)shiguaiensis)。对比当前化石及其现存最近对应种(the nearest living equivalent species)—Ginkgo biloba L.的气孔比率,得到宝积山盆地在中侏罗世的古大气CO_2体积分数为1.55×10~(-3),数值接近GEOCARBⅢ碳平衡模型的拟合曲线,表明茨康叶属植物也是恢复古大气CO_2体积分数的良好材料。同时,通过角质层特征进行古环境重建,结果表明宝积山盆地在中侏罗世时期气候较为温和湿润。  相似文献   

A novel method to estimate mineral compositions of mudrocks: A case study for the Canadian unconventional petroleum systems     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

The mineral composition of mudrocks is an essential attribute in controlling the reservoir quality of unconventional petroleum systems. The present study introduces a semi-quantitative method to estimate mineral phases of mudrocks in various Canadian unconventional hydrocarbon systems using total elemental analysis (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) and Rock-Eval data (total organic carbon (TOC) and mineral carbon (MinC)).This method involves statistical analysis based on a sound knowledge of hydrocarbon source rock inorganic geochemistry. The workflow can be divided into four steps: (i) converting major elements (Si, Al, Fe, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Ti, and P) to their oxides, (ii) inferring modes of occurrence of elements using statistical analysis of geochemical data (major elements, TOC, and MinC), (iii) identifying the mineral types (oxide, aluminosilicates, carbonates, sulfide, and phosphate) according to elemental occurrences and calculating mineral phase concentrations, and (iv) verifying the results by comparing to XRD data on selected samples. The results, especially for brittle minerals such as quartz, carbonates (e.g. calcite, dolomite, and ankerite), and pyrite, show that the estimated mineral compositions correspond closely and consistently with measured mineralogy obtained from XRD. This method takes advantage of bulk geochemical data already available for hydrocarbon potential and chemostratigraphic studies, without devoting additional samples and cost for XRD analysis.  相似文献