煤中惰质组在泥炭沼泽古环境研究中的应用     

王岩  李丽琴  张筱青 《地质论评》2016,62(2):375-380

惰质组是煤中一种常见的显微组分。它不仅能用来鉴别成煤前植物的木炭化程度,而且还是泥炭沼泽古环境恢复的有效途径。近年来,欧洲学者利用惰质组成功推算了地史时期三叠纪—侏罗纪之交(T—J)的古火灾温度及类型,并重建了古植被类型及泥炭沼泽古生态环境变化。与其它方法相比,利用煤中惰质组含量及其反射率进行古环境恢复的工作对于植物种类繁多、沉积岩层中夹杂的煤层或煤炭、尤其对于古气候环境波动较大的地质转折时期最为理想。因此,利用惰质组的部分参数对我国含煤沉积盆地的古生态恢复以及成煤环境的研究有积极的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

四川龙门山地区早中泥盆世孢子化石研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄敏  朱怀诚  刘锋 《地质论评》2016,62(6):1533-1548

本文系统研究了四川龙门山地区下泥盆统桂溪组、木耳厂组、观音庙组、关山坡组以及中泥盆统金宝石组的孢子化石,共鉴定孢子41属81种,建立了三个孢子组合带,由下至上分别是:Retusotriletes rotundus—Calamospora panucea(RP)孢子组合、Synorisporites downtoensis—Verrucosisporites scurrus(DS)孢子组合、Densosporites inaequus—Grandispora inculta(Ⅱ)孢子组合。通过与研究较为详细的西欧、北美地区的经典资料,包括老红砂岩大陆、北欧、加拿大等地区,以及国内相关资料的对比,结合特征种的地层分布、重要属种的含量、孢子大小等组合特征,确定RP组合时代为Lochkovian,DS组合时代为Pragian至早Emsian,Ⅱ组合时代为Eifelian中晚期—Givetian早期。这也是首次在金宝石组中发现孢子化石并对其进行研究。另外,通过对孢子直径的统计分析从另一个角度探讨了古植物的演化历程。  相似文献   

无锡梅雨期湿沉降综合分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏艳  刘端阳  彭华青  周彬  赵兵 《气象科学》2016,36(4):547-555

利用2008—2014年梅雨期间酸雨观测资料及2014年6月16—27日降水个例加密采样资料,结合大气污染物资料分析了近7 a无锡梅雨期酸雨特征,研究降水过程中空气污染物、p H值、电导率的变化及降水对污染物的清除作用。结果表明:无锡市梅雨期酸雨年平均p H值呈现逐年递增趋势。降水过程中,颗粒物质量浓度显著降低;气体浓度变化受其自身日变化及排放源影响大于雨水的清除作用;样品的p H值、K值每个过程变化并不一致,K值变化与颗粒物质量浓度变化大致保持一致。降水、风对颗粒物质量浓度影响大于对气体浓度的影响。长时间连续降水时,降水对颗粒污染物的清除存在极限。小时雨量在0~0.5 mm时,降水对颗粒物浓度做负清除,其值反而略有增加;小时雨量在0.6~5.0 mm时,降水对颗粒物质量浓度做正清除;小时雨量达到5.1 mm及以上时,对PM_(2.5)和PM_(2.5-10)做正清除,对PM_(10)做负清除。降水对SO_2有稀释清除作用;对NO_2的稀释作用取决于其开始浓度值;对CO、O_3的清除作用不显著。  相似文献   

江苏暴雨概率预报及其业务应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈圣劼  孙燕  刘安宁  罗兵 《气象科学》2016,36(2):269-274

以未来12~36 h、36~60 h和60~84 h的暴雨预报为目标,利用2011年—2013年夏季6—8月欧洲细网格数值模式预报产品分析了江苏夏季暴雨的可能预报因子。通过对各因子进行相关性、敏感性和代表性分析后,优选了22个对不同强度降水具有较好区分能力的暴雨预报因子。以这些因子为基础建立了一种简单的江苏省暴雨概率预报方法。其预报产品已在江苏省气象业务一体化平台上投入业务使用。该方法在2011—2013年7月,针对提前12 h预报的历史回报试验中,TS技巧评分平均为13.6,明显高于EC细网格24 h降水预报产品(平均TS评分仅为4.5)。在2014年梅汛期的6月25—26日、7月1—2日和7月4—5日三次区域性暴雨个例的预报试验中,提前60、36、12 h的预报效果均较好,其平均TS评分(44.6)也明显高于欧洲细网格数值模式的降水预报(20.4)。  相似文献   

天气尺度波列对长江中下游6月梅雨的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

黄海燕  王亚非  何金海  陈圣劼  秦坚肇 《大气科学学报》2016,39(1):28-36

采用1979—2007年6月NCEP/NCAR2.5°×2.5°逐日再分析资料和中国743站逐日降水资料,利用相关分析、合成分析等方法,分析了天气尺度波列的特征及其对长江中下游6月梅雨的影响。结果表明:当长江中下游6月梅雨较少时,东亚及西太平洋区域存在一个天气尺度波列;该波列的延伸距离较短(从黄河河套地区经过长江中下游至南海、菲律宾海一带),维持时间也很短,且仅仅在500 h Pa以下较强。诊断及个例分析表明,当该波列异常显著时,长江中下游梅雨降水明显减少,而其南部区域降水则增多,说明该波列对预报长江中下游降水具有重要的指示意义。  相似文献   

2007年夏季江淮强降水过程中10~30d低频变化及其与对流层上层波包活动的联系          下载免费PDF全文

陈丹萍  管兆勇  侯俊  奚子惠 《大气科学学报》2016,39(2):177-188

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析和全国740站逐日降水资料,运用一点滞后相关等方法,对2007年夏季江淮流域强降水期间低频振荡的波动活动特征及其与降水低频变化的联系进行了分析。结果表明,在2007年夏季降水中,降水低频分量起着重要作用。降水的低频振荡主周期为10~30d,降水距平时间序列与10~30d低频分量具有较好的对应关系。低频扰动在对流层上层和低层都呈现波列状分布,且在降水活跃位相时,低频环流在高、低层具有斜压结构。在对流层上层,低频扰动有缓慢的东移倾向,相速度为每天2~3个经度。西风带中存在多次移动性波列向下游的传播,且在120°E以西以每天14经度的群速度向下游频散能量,表明10~30d低频波动具有明显的下游发展特征。在强降水开始5d前,低频波动与能量可起源于高纬的乌拉尔山附近,沿着西北-东南向的路径向下游传播。下游发展的低频波动为江淮流域带来了能量,为强降水的发生提供了条件。这些结果加深了人们对低频波动在江淮流域强降水过程中所起作用的认识,可为寻找江淮流域强降水过程预报线索提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of a late-Variscan rhyodacite at the Ossa Morena-Central Iberian zones boundary,Iberian Massif,Central Portugal: Evidence for the involvement of lithospheric mantle and meta-igneous lower crust     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(3):429-439

A late-Variscan rhyodacite is exposed at the contact between the Ossa Morena Zone and the Central Iberian Zone of the Iberian Massif, Central Portugal. Dykes of rhyodacite intruded the Série Negra Unit and the Sardoal Complex that are part of the Cadomian basement. The igneous crystallization age of the rhyodacite (308 ± 1 Ma) was obtained on igneous monazite by the ID-TIMS U-Pb method. It is broadly coeval with the emplacement of late-Variscan granitoids during the last deformation phase of the Variscan Orogeny (ca. 304–314 Ma) and with the development of the large late-Variscan strike-slip shear zones (ca. 307 Ma). The rhyodacite samples are calc-alkaline, show identical composition and belong to the same magmatic sequence. The rhyodacite isotopic signatures (Sm-Nd and δ¹⁸O) are consistent with depleted-mantle juvenile sources and the contribution of the meta-igneous lower crust. The input of mantle juvenile sources is related to Variscan reactivation of lithospheric fractures. The inherited Neoproterozoic (ca. 619 Ma) and Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1054 Ma) zircon ages, are similar to those of the Central Iberian Zone. This suggests that lower crust of the Central Iberian Zone was involved in the magma generation of the rhyodacite. Coeval late-Variscan magmatic rocks display a larger contribution from ancient crustal components, which may be attributed to the smaller volume and faster cooling rate of the rhyodacite and consequent lower melting of the crust. Mixing of juvenile mantle-derived melts with melts from the lower continental crust was followed by fractional crystallization of garnet and amphibole that remained in the source. Fractional crystallization of plagioclase, biotite, quartz and zircon occurred in shallower magma chambers. Fractional crystallization of zircon was not significant.  相似文献   

Coevolution between Terrestrial Ecosystem and Earth Environment     

Zhou Zhekun  Zhou Zhonghe  Wang Yi 《地球科学进展》2016,31(7):682-688

Coevolution between terrestrial ecosystem and Earth environment is a hot research topic in both biology and geology. Last progresses in these field are reported from following research subjects: evolution of jawed vertebrates(gnathostomata) from Silurian; occurrence of earliest forests from Devonian of Xinjiang; biodiversity of insects in amber from Cretaceous of Myanmar; Evolution of primates and geochemistry studies from Eocene/Oligocene; studies of Longdan fauna from Lingxia basin, Gansu Province of earlier Pleistocene and endemic cloven-breast fishes from Pliocene Tibet; the correlations thick-boned fish,Hsianwenia wui, and the aridification of the Qaidam Basin; monsoon climate and its impact on biodiversity; study on the flora from Mankang, Tibet of Miocene and its palaeoclimate; depositional environment and its impact on the preservation of fossils; contraction of high resolution Stratigraphic series by using data of paleomagnetism and mammal fossils.  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics and isotopic reversal of natural gases in eastern Kopeh-Dagh,NE Iran     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

Natural gas samples from two gas fields located in Eastern Kopeh-Dagh area were analyzed for molecular and stable isotope compositions. The gaseous hydrocarbons in both Lower Cretaceous clastic reservoir and Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir are coal-type gases mainly derived from type III kerogen, however enriched δD values of methane implies presence of type II kerogen related material in the source rock. In comparison Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir gases show higher dryness coefficient resulted through TSR, while presence of C₁C₅ gases in Lower Cretaceous clastic reservoir exhibit no TSR phenomenon. Carbon isotopic values indicate gas to gas cracking and TSR occurrence in the Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir, as the result of elevated temperature experienced, prior to the following uplifts in last 33–37 million years. The δ¹³C of carbon dioxide and δ³⁴S of hydrogen sulfide in Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir do not primarily reflect TSR, as uplift related carbonate rock dissolution by acidic gases and reaction/precipitation of light H₂S have changed these values severely. Gaseous hydrocarbons in both reservoirs exhibit enrichment in C₂ gas member, with the carbonate reservoir having higher values resulted through mixing with highly-mature-completely-reversed shale gases. It is likely that the uplifts have lifted off the pressure on shale gases, therefore facilitated the migration of the gases into overlying horizons. However it appears that the released gases during the first major uplift (33–37 million years ago) have migrated to both reservoirs, while the second migrated gases have only mixed with Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir gases. The studied data suggesting that economic accumulations of natural gas/shale gases deeper than Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir would be unlikely.  相似文献   

Middle Permian U–Pb zircon ages of the “glacial” deposits of the Atkan Formation,Ayan-Yuryakh anticlinorium,Magadan province,NE Russia: Their significance for global climatic interpretations     

《Gondwana Research》2016

The Atkan Formation in the Ayan-Yuryakh anticlinorium, Magadan province, northeastern Russia, is of great interest because of the occurrence of deposits of apparent “dropstones” and “ice rafted debris” that have been previously interpreted as glacial. Two high-precision U–Pb zircon ages, one for an intercalated volcanic tuff (262.5 ± 0.2 Ma) and the other for a boulder clast (269.8 ± 0.1 Ma) within a diamictite of the Atkan Formation, constrain the age of the Atkan Formation as Guadalupian (middle Permian). Sedimentologic study of the Atkan Formation casts doubt on the glacial nature of the diamictites. Deposition of rocks of the Atkan Formation temporally correlates with the Capitanian interglacial event in the southern hemisphere that recently was calibrated with high precision CA-TIMS. The previously proposed climate proxy record based upon warm-water foraminifera, which corresponds closely to global climate fluctuations, is compared with the glacial record of eastern Australia and indicates that the Capitanian was a time of globally warm climate. The sedimentology of Atkan Formation, the record of diversification of both fusulinids and rugosa corals, global sea-water temperature, and sea-level fluctuations agree well with high latitude paleoclimate records in northeastern Russia and eastern Australia. Major components of the Atkan Formation, the volcanic rocks, are syngenetic with the sedimentation process. The volcanic activity in the nearby regions during middle–late Permian was quite extensive.  相似文献