A Preliminary Evaluation of Global and East Asian Cloud Radiative Effects in Reanalyses          下载免费PDF全文

LI Jian-Dong  MAO Jiang-Yu 《大气和海洋科学快报》2015,8(2):100-106

Cloud radiative effects(CREs) at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) in three reanalysis datasets(the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis(ERA-Interim), the Japanese 55-yr Reanalysis Project(JRA-55), and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications(MERRA)) are evaluated using recent satellite-based observations. The reanalyses can basically capture the spatial pattern of the annual mean shortwave CRE, but the global mean longwave CRE in ERA-Interim and JRA55 is weaker than observed, leading to overestimations of the net CRE. Moreover, distinct CRE biases of the reanalyses occur in the Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ), coastal Pacific and Atlantic regions, and East Asia. Quantitative examination further indicates that the spatial correlations of CREs and TOA upward radiation fluxes with corresponding observations in ERA-Interim are better than in the other two reanalyses. Although MERRA has certain abilities in producing the magnitudes of global mean CREs, its performance in terms of spatial correlations in winter and summer are worse than for the other two reanalyses. The ability of JRA55 in reflecting CREs lies between the other two datasets. Compared to the global mean results, the spatial correlations of shortwave CRE in East Asia decrease and the biases of regional mean CREs increase in the three reanalyses. This implies that, currently, it is still difficult to reproduce East Asian CREs based on these reanalyses. Relatively, ERA-Interim describes the seasonal variation of East Asian CREs well, albeit weaker than observed. The present study also suggests that in-depth exploration of the ability of reanalysis data to describe aspects relating to cloud properties and radiation is needed using more comprehensive observations.  相似文献   

江淮地区一次冰雹过程的双线偏振雷达观测分析     

杨吉  郑媛媛  徐芬 《气象学报》2020,78(4):568-579

为了进一步认识冰雹和三体散射的双线偏振雷达观测特征,提高业务预警能力和奠定基于双线偏振雷达的地面降雹识别基础,利用南京双线偏振雷达观测资料,统计分析了2019年3月20日冰雹过程发展、成熟和降雹阶段的观测特征及微物理过程。结果表明:（1）雹暴在成熟阶段具有高悬的强回波中心和较高的顶高,强回波中心差分反射率Z_DR＜?0.5 dB,相关系数（ρ_hv）约为0.9,由于冰雹后向散射相位的影响,该区域比差分相位（K_DP）呈现负值,指示了该区域有冰雹存在,并被相态分类算法（HCA）正确识别;（2）降雹阶段,高层反射率因子减小,强回波中心下降到地面附近,融化层以下ρ_hv增大,指示高层下落的冰相粒子整体尺寸减小;HCA识别到冰雹开始减少时,地面观测到冰雹;（3）三体散射的反射率因子（Z_H）、ρ_hv和反射率因子标准差（SD（Z_H））概率密度分布与北美三体散射比较接近;Z_DR分布更偏向于负值区域,差分相位标准差（SD（φ_DP））分布范围大约是北美结果的2倍。   相似文献   

Discrepancies in the Monte Carlo simulations of propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic-ray photons in the geomagnetic field     

《Astroparticle Physics》2013

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Interannual variation of the Asian-Pacific oscillation     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2017

Previous studies have identified an Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) teleconnection pattern, which exhibits an out-of-phase relationship in the summer tropospheric temperature with warming over the Eurasia and cooling over the Northern Pacific and the Northern America, and vice versa. But the interannual variation of this teleconnection remains obscure. This study points out that interannual variation of the APO teleconnection is associated with the second empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of the northern-hemisphere upper tropospheric temperature during boreal summer, which accounts for 14% of the variance. A heat budget analysis is conducted for the Eurasian region and the North Pacific region respectively to reveal the cause of the zonal dipole mode temperature structure. For the Eurasia region, the warming is contributed by the adiabatic heating process due to downward vertical motion anomalies. For the Northern Pacific region, the temperature variation is mainly contributed by zonal advection associated with interannual zonal wind perturbation acting on the climatological temperature gradient. Composite analysis and numerical experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) shows the interannual zonal wind perturbation is related to the sea surface temperature anomalies over the equatorial eastern Pacific.  相似文献   

More intensive summer tropical cyclone near 30°N of East Asia     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2017

The present study revealed that a climate regime shift occurred during the 1988–1991 period involving changes in tropical cyclone (TC) intensity (central pressure, maximum sustained wind speed) during the summer near 30°N in East Asia. Climatologically, TC intensity at 110°–125°E near 30°N (over Mainland China) is the weakest at that latitude while the strongest is found at 125°–130°E (over Korea). The TC intensity during the 1991–2015 (91–15) period had strengthened significantly compared to that of the 1965–1988 (65–88) period. The strengthening was due to a significantly lower frequency of TCs that passed through Mainland China during the 91–15 period. This lower frequency of was due to anomalous northeasterlies blown from the anomalous anticyclonic circulation located over continental East Asia and that had strengthened along the coast. Instead, TCs mainly followed a path from eastern regions in the subtropical western North Pacific to Korea and Japan via the East China Sea due to anomalous cyclonic circulations that had strengthened in the western North Pacific. In addition, low vertical wind shear had formed along the mid-latitude region in East Asia and along the main TC track in the 91–15 period, and most regions in the western North Pacific experienced a higher sea surface temperature state during the 91–15 period than in the previous period, indicating that a favorable environment had formed to maintain strong intensities of TCs at the mid–latitudes. The characteristics of TCs at the lower latitudes caused a strong TC intensity at the time of landfall in Korea and a gradual shifting trend of landing location from the western to southern coast in recent years.  相似文献   

1979—2016年夏季西南涡活动及其与降水的关系          下载免费PDF全文

马勋丹  智协飞  王静  陈静  冯汉中 《大气科学学报》2018,41(2):198-206

利用1979-2016年ERA-Interim一日四次高度场、风场再分析资料,根据源地的不同将西南涡细分为九龙涡、盆地涡和小金涡,对1979-2016年夏季（6-8月）不同涡源的西南涡的活动规律及其降水特征进行统计分析。结果表明,夏季西南涡平均年发生频数为11.6 a^-1,其中生成的盆地涡最多（9.3 a^-1）,九龙涡次之（1.9 a^-1）,小金涡最少（0.4 a^-1）。就移动频率而言,盆地涡移出率最高（44.2%）,其次为小金涡（30.8%）,九龙涡最低（29.73%）。38 a中夏季高影响型西南涡共有140例,只有105例能移出源地。生命史超过36 h的高影响型西南涡都会带来降水,并且超过88%的概率会造成大雨及以上的降水。高影响型九龙涡和盆地涡产生大雨及以上天气的概率分别是83%、91%,远远高于小金涡。  相似文献   

超强台风“天鹅”（2015）路径突变过程机理研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

毕鑫鑫  陈光华  周伟灿 《大气科学》2018,42(1):227-238

本文采用中国气象局的最佳台风路径数据和美国国家环境预报中心1°×1°每6 h再分析资料作为研究工作的基本场,运用了分部位涡反演方法探讨影响2015年第15号超强台风“天鹅”路径突变的物理机制,得到以下结论:（1）就天气系统而言,“天鹅”整个移动过程中都受到周围环境场及引导气流的影响,主要的影响系统包括西北太平洋副热带高压、季风涡旋、邻近台风“艾莎尼”及台风外围反气旋;（2）定量分析了与各影响系统扰动位涡相关的引导气流矢量,发现整个过程中超强台风“天鹅”的移动始终受西北太平洋副热带高压的影响,其次是来自季风涡旋及台风外围反气旋的贡献,而当“天鹅”有向北转向趋势时,与外围反气旋相关的东北向引导气流导致了台风的路径北折;（3）进一步定量分析了总扰动位涡在不同高度层上相关引导气流的贡献,结果表明在垂直方向上对流层中层系统的引导气流矢量与“天鹅”的移动最为吻合,而形成于低层系统的偏南风气流与“天鹅”向北突然转向有着密切的联系,并在转向后逐渐向中高层发展增强。  相似文献   

三套冰晶核化参数化方案的对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

史湘军  朱寿鹏  智协飞  杜康云  刘庆爱  王琳玮 《大气科学学报》2017,40(2):181-192

基于大气模式CAM5对比分析了三套基于物理过程发展而来的冰晶核化参数化方案,包括BN方案、KL方案和CAM5自带的LP方案。针对三个方案的离线测试结果表明,由LP和BN方案计算得出的冰晶数浓度随硫酸盐溶液滴的数浓度增加而明显增加,而KL方案对硫酸盐溶液滴的数浓度不敏感;CAM5模拟结果显示,这三套方案得出的云辐射强迫、冰晶数浓度及其概率分布非常相似,基本上都接近观测。但是,使用KL方案得出的全球平均云长波辐射强迫从工业革命前到当代增加0.05 W·m~(-2),明显低于LP方案的0.36 W·m~(-2)和BN方案的0.33 W·m~(-2);由此可见,选择哪个冰晶核化参数化方案不会明显影响模式对冰云的模拟性能,但对评估人为产生气溶胶的间接效应可能有显著影响。  相似文献   

利用WRF-Chem模式模拟分析人为气溶胶对台风Fitow(1323)强度及降水的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

沈新勇  姜晓岑  柳笛  祖繁  樊曙先 《大气科学》2017,41(5):960-974

利用气象与化学模块在线耦合的模式WRF-Chem V3.5(Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled to Chemistry Version 3.5) 对1323号台风Fitow进行了模拟,设计无人为排放源、含人为排放源和人为排放源增加的三组模拟试验,对比分析了人为气溶胶对台风的影响。结果表明:人为气溶胶对台风移动路径影响较小。人为气溶胶增加,台风强度减弱,台风主体总累积降水量减少,靠近陆地阶段台风主体降水率减少。气溶胶的增多可提供更多的凝结核,台风外围云水增加,更多的云水可上升至冻结层以上形成过冷水,促进冰相粒子的形成,释放的潜热增加,使外围对流增强,降水增加。台风外围对流的发展,使低层入流的暖湿空气更多的在外围上升,向台风中心的入流减弱,眼墙的发展减弱,降水减少,台风强度减弱。台风外围的对流发展弱于眼墙的对流,降水仍以眼墙区为主,使累积降水量和降水率整体上表现为减少。  相似文献   

A review of progress in coupled ocean-atmosphere model developments for ENSO studies in China     

Zhang  Rong-Hua  Yu  Yongqiang  Song  Zhenya  Ren  Hong-Li  Tang  Youmin  Qiao  Fangli  Wu  Tongwen  Gao  Chuan  Hu  Junya  Tian  Feng  Zhu  Yuchao  Chen  Lin  Liu  Hailong  Lin  Pengfei  Wu  Fanghua  Wang  Lin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2020,38(4):930-961

El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is the strongest interannual signal that is producedby basinscale processes in the tropical Pacific,with significant effects on weather and climate worldwide.In the past,extensive and intensive international efforts have been devoted to coupled model developments for ENSO studies.A hierarchy of coupled ocean-atmo sphere models has been formulated;in terms of their complexity,they can be categorized into intermediate coupled models(ICMs),hybrid coupled models(HCMs),and fully coupled general circulation models(CGCMs).ENSO modeling has made significant progress over the past decades,reaching a stage where coupled models can now be used to successfully predict ENSO events 6 months to one year in advance.Meanwhile,ENSO exhibits great diversity and complexity as observed in nature,which still cannot be adequately captured by current state-of-the-art coupled models,presenting a challenge to ENSO modeling.We primarily reviewed the long-term efforts in ENSO modeling continually and steadily made at different institutions in China;some selected representative examples are presented here to review the current status of ENSO model developments and applications,which have been actively pursued with noticeable progress being made recently.As ENSO simulations are very sensitive to model formulations and process representations etc.,dedicated efforts have been devoted to ENSO model developments and improvements.Now,different ocean-atmosphere coupled models have been available in China,which exhibit good model performances and have already had a variety of applications to climate modeling,including the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).Nevertheless,large biases and uncertainties still exist in ENSO simulations and predictions,and there are clear rooms for their improvements,which are still an active area of researches and applications.Here,model performances of ENSO simulations are assessed in terms of advantages and disadvantages with these differently formulated coupled models,pinpointing to the areas where they need to be further improved for ENSO studies.These analyses provide valuable guidance for future improvements in ENSO simulations and predictions.  相似文献