Haze trends over the capital cities of 31 provinces in China, 1981–2005     

Huizheng Che  Xiaoye Zhang  Yang Li  Zijiang Zhou  John J. Qu  Xianjun Hao 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,97(3-4):235-242

This paper presents the patterns and trends of haze over 31 provincial capitals in China between 1980 and 2005. The haze measurements were based on human visual range observations at 31 synoptic meteorological stations operated by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). The high haze regions were found in largely populated cities such as Chongqing, Beijing, and Shenyang, while the low haze regions were located in the cities with small populations such as Lhasa, Kunming, and Guiyang in southwestern China and Haikou in southern China. The haziness of the 12 cities shows a significantly (95%) decreasing trend, while that of the 13 cities shows a significantly increasing trend over the 25-year study period. The increases are evident in the eastern and southwestern cities in China. It has also been found that there is a decreasing haze trend in winter but an increasing trend in summer for many cities. Nonetheless, the causality for the reduction of aerosol emissions has not been established. This report is the first survey and preliminary analysis done on haze patterns and trends from 1980 to 2005 over the capital cities of 31 provinces in Mainland China.  相似文献   

城市化对深圳气温变化的贡献   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

司鹏  李庆祥  李伟  殷红 《南京气象学院学报》2010,33(1):110-116

采用经均一性检验的深圳及其周围台站的地面温度资料和NCEP／DOEAMIP—ⅡReanalysis（R-2）再分析温度数据,通过鲁棒回归（M估计）对气温趋势进行拟合,分析了1967--2005年和1979—2005年两个时间段城市热岛效应对温度的影响,利用再分析数据和地面观测数据的差异估计了1979年以来城市化对气温增暖的贡献。结果表明,20世纪80年代以来的30a里,深圳城市化对当地气温增暖贡献非常显著：1979年以来,城市热岛效应导致年平均气温增暖0．243℃·（10a）^-1,占深圳总体增暖的36．3％;与再分析资料对比得到的城市化对深圳年平均气温增暖的贡献达到0．315℃·（10a）^-1,大于分析观测资料得到的结果,占总体增暖的47．1％。说明城市化的快速发展是导致深圳城市气候增暖的重要因子之一。  相似文献   

A summer teleconnection pattern over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere and associated mechanisms   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ping Zhao  Zuohao Cao  Junming Chen 《Climate Dynamics》2010,35(2-3):523-534

Using monthly data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast 40-year reanalysis (ERA-40), we have revealed a teleconnection pattern over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere through the empirical orthogonal function analysis of summer upper-tropospheric eddy temperature. When temperature is higher (lower) over the Eastern Hemisphere (EH), it is lower (higher) over the Western Hemisphere (WH). The teleconnection manifested by this out-of-phase relationship is referred to as the Asian–Pacific oscillation (APO). The values of an index measuring the teleconnection are high before 1976 and low afterwards, showing a downward trend of the stationary wave at a rate of 4% per year during 1958–2001. The index also exhibits apparent interannual variations. When the APO index is high, anomalous upper-tropospheric highs (lows) appear over EH (WH). The formation of APO is likely associated with a zonal vertical circulation in the troposphere. Unforced control runs of both the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model version 3 and the Community Climate System Model version 3 capture the major characteristics of the teleconnection pattern and its associated vertical structure. The APO variability is closely associated with sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific, with a significantly positive correlation between APO and SST in the extratropical North Pacific and a significantly negative correlation in the tropical eastern Pacific. Sensitivity experiments show that the anomalies of SST over these two regions influence the APO intensity, but their effects are opposite to each other. Compared to the observation, the positive and negative anomalous centers of the extratropical tropospheric temperature triggered by the SST anomalies have a smaller spatial scale.  相似文献   

Intercomparison and analyses of the climatology of the West African Monsoon in the West African Monsoon Modeling and Evaluation project (WAMME) first model intercomparison experiment   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Yongkang Xue  Fernando De Sales  W. K.-M. Lau  Aaron Boone  Jinming Feng  Paul Dirmeyer  Zhichang Guo  Kyu-Myong Kim  Akio Kitoh  Vadlamani Kumar  Isabelle Poccard-Leclercq  Natalie Mahowald  Wilfran Moufouma-Okia  Phillip Pegion  David P. Rowell  Jae Schemm  Siegfried D. Schubert  Andrea Sealy  Wassila M. Thiaw  Augustin Vintzileos  Steven F. Williams  Man-Li C. Wu 《Climate Dynamics》2010,35(1):3-27

This paper briefly presents the West African Monsoon (WAM) Modeling and Evaluation Project (WAMME) and evaluates WAMME general circulation models’ (GCM) performances in simulating variability of WAM precipitation, surface temperature, and major circulation features at seasonal and intraseasonal scales in the first WAMME experiment. The analyses indicate that models with specified sea surface temperature generally have reasonable simulations of the pattern of spatial distribution of WAM seasonal mean precipitation and surface temperature as well as the averaged zonal wind in latitude-height cross-section and low level circulation. But there are large differences among models in simulating spatial correlation, intensity, and variance of precipitation compared with observations. Furthermore, the majority of models fail to produce proper intensities of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and the tropical easterly jet. AMMA Land Surface Model Intercomparison Project (ALMIP) data are used to analyze the association between simulated surface processes and the WAM and to investigate the WAM mechanism. It has been identified that the spatial distributions of surface sensible heat flux, surface temperature, and moisture convergence are closely associated with the simulated spatial distribution of precipitation; while surface latent heat flux is closely associated with the AEJ and contributes to divergence in AEJ simulation. Common empirical orthogonal functions (CEOF) analysis is applied to characterize the WAM precipitation evolution and has identified a major WAM precipitation mode and two temperature modes (Sahara mode and Sahel mode). Results indicate that the WAMME models produce reasonable temporal evolutions of major CEOF modes but have deficiencies/uncertainties in producing variances explained by major modes. Furthermore, the CEOF analysis shows that WAM precipitation evolution is closely related to the enhanced Sahara mode and the weakened Sahel mode, supporting the evidence revealed in the analysis using ALMIP data. An analysis of variability of CEOF modes suggests that the Sahara mode leads the WAM evolution, and divergence in simulating this mode contributes to discrepancies in the precipitation simulation.  相似文献   

Precipitation: Measurement,remote sensing,climatology and modeling     

《Atmospheric Research》2010,95(4):512-533

This review paper deals with four aspects of precipitation: measurement, remote sensing, climatology and modeling. The measurement of precipitation is summarized in terms of the instruments that count and measure drop sizes (defined as disdrometers) and the instruments that measure an average quantity proportional to the integrated volume of an ensemble of raindrops (these instruments are normally called rain gauges). Remote sensing of precipitation is accomplished with ground based radar and from satellite retrievals and these two approaches are separately discussed. The climatology of precipitation has evolved through the years from the traditional rain gauge data analyses to the more sophisticated data bases that result from a coalescence of data and information on precipitation that is available from several sources into amalgamated products. Recently, rain observations from both ground and space have been assimilated into regional and global numerical weather prediction models aiming at improved moisture analysis and better forecasts of extreme weather events. The current status and the main outstanding issues related to precipitation forecasting are discussed, providing a basic structure for research coordination aimed at the improvement of modeling, observation and data assimilation applicable to global and regional scales.  相似文献   

Irrigated areas of India derived using MODIS 500 m time series for the years 2001–2003     

V. Dheeravath  P.S. Thenkabail  G. Chandrakantha  P. Noojipady  G.P.O. Reddy  C.M. Biradar  M.K. Gumma  M. Velpuri 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(1):42-59

  相似文献   

基于“天镜”的CIPAS3.0监控应用设计与实现     

刘乖乖  孙超  曾乐  刘北  顾文静 《气象科技》2023,51(6):907-916

本文通过分析“云+端”模式气候监测预测分析系统（简称：CIPAS3.0）的监控需求,给出基于气象综合业务实时监控系统（简称：天镜）CIPAS3.0监控应用架构和流程设计,详细描述了产品监视流程和数据源异常追溯算法,为下一步建设融入气象大数据云平台（简称：天擎）的业务系统通用监控提供了技术思路。CIPAS3.0监控应用实现了数据源、产品和基础资源的实时监视与告警,并提供数据源异常追溯、产品一键补算等功能,解决了数据源下载传输情况不透明、产品手工补算不方便等问题,减轻了运维人员定位和解决故障的工作量,提高了运维效率。本应用于2021年12月通过专家评审并投入业务化运行,截止目前已实现87种数据源和125种定时产品实时监控,为CIPAS3.0的稳定运行提供了保障。  相似文献   

基于ElasticSearch的异构数据迁移方法     

王甫棣  王帅  赵希鹏 《气象科技》2022,50(1):45-50

随着信息技术应用创新和信息系统集约化进程的不断推进,气象部门政务管理信息系统正加速实施国产化自主可控迭代升级,其对历史数据迁移的平滑与否是衡量升级成败的关键因素之一.借助分布式全文检索框架ElasticSearch的动态映射、分布式可扩展以及非结构化数据处理等能力,本文提出一种异构数据迁移方法,能够解决传统方法在系统替...  相似文献   

2014年秋季我国华西地区降水异常的成因分析   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

司东  邵勰  孙冷  王启祎  李多 《气象》2015,41(4):508-513

2014年秋季,全国平均降水量较常年同期偏多,其中华西地区降水偏多明显。季内,我国华西地区降水阶段性变化显著。分析表明,秋季华西地区降水偏多可能与热带印度洋海温偏高有关。印度洋海温偏高,一方面有利于西北太平洋地区对流层低层异常反气旋式环流的发展和东南水汽输送的加强,另一方面印度洋海温的偏高有利于印度洋地区对流的活跃和西南水汽输送的加强。在中高纬地区,贝加尔湖地区为异常低槽区,易引导冷空气南下影响我国华西地区。同时,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强及西伸脊点的偏西,综合导致华西地区秋季降水偏多。而华西地区降水的季内变化与西太平洋副热带高压的异常活动有关。  相似文献   

观测降水概率不确定性对集合预报概率Brier技巧评分结果的分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵琳娜  刘琳  刘莹  齐琳琳  田付友 《气象》2015,41(6):685-694

利用淮河地区652个站点日降水量和参加全球交互式大集合预报计划的中国T213集合预报系统24 h累积降水预报,建立了新的集合预报评分中观测资料的处理方法.该方法基于模式检验的观测资料处理中考虑不确定性的思想,构建了观测概率法和观测百分位法的观测资料处理方法.本文方法和通常数值预报检验观测资料处理方法的模式检验对比分析表明:采用了观测概率法和观测百分位法处理降水观测后,五个降水阈值预报Brier评分检验表明,新的观测资料处理方法使预报的Brier评分分值下降,即预报性能得到提高,尤其在中低降水阈值区域较为明显.Brier技巧评分可靠性和分辨性的分析表明,模式五个降水阈值预报都有预报技巧.新的观测资料处理方法普遍提高了五个降水阈值预报的分辨性,但是降低了可靠性.本研究结果对在今后集合预报评分方法中考虑观测资料不确定性的影响,尤其是对集合预报降水的评估起到非常积极的作用.  相似文献