Study of Distinctive Regional Features of Surface Solar Radiation in North and East China          下载免费PDF全文

GUAN Fulai  ZHENG Youfei  CAI Ziying  YU Changwen  ZHANG Nan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(4):494-505

Solar radiation is an important energy source for plants on the earth and also a major component of the global energy balance.Variations in solar radiation incident at the earth's surface profoundly affect the human and terrestrial environment,including the climate change.To provide useful information for predicting the future climate change in China,distinctive regional features in spatial and temporal variations of the surface solar radiation (SSR) and corresponding attributions (such as cloud and aerosol) are analyzed based on SSR observations and other meteorological measurements in North and East China from 1961 to 2007.Multiple models,such as the plane-parallel radiative transfer model,empirical and statistical models,and corrclation and regrcssion analysis methods are used in the study.The results are given as follows.(1) During 1961-2007,the total SSR in North China went through a process from quickly “dimming” to slowly “dimming”,while in East China,a significant transition from “dimming” to “brightening” occurred.Although there are some differences between thc two regional variation trends,long-term variations in SSR in the two regions are basically consistent with the observation worldwide.(2) Between the 1960s and 1980s,in both North and East China,aerosols played a critical rolc in the radiation dimming.However,after 1989,different variation trends of SSR occurred in North and East China,indicating that aerosols were not the dominant factor.(3) Cloud cover contributed less to the variation of SSR in North China,but was thc major attribution in East China and played a promoting role in the reversal of SSR from dimming to brightening,especially in the “remarkable brightening” period,with its contribution as high as 70％.  相似文献   

气候变化对天津市不同节能水平建筑制冷采暖能耗的影响     

陈跃浩  孙玫玲  曹经福  李明财  张瑞雪  孟凡超 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(3):98-105

利用天津市地面气象观测站1961—2017年逐小时观测资料,通过TRNSYS软件,对不同节能水平办公建筑供热和制冷能耗,以及居住建筑供热能耗进行动态模拟,定量评估了气候变化对天津市不同节能水平建筑能耗的影响。结果表明：在供暖期和制冷期,温度均呈现显著上升的趋势,而太阳辐射则呈现下降的趋势,受其影响,1961—2017年办公和居住建筑供热能耗呈现显著下降的趋势,制冷能耗呈现微弱的上升趋势,但气候变化对供热能耗的影响要明显强于制冷能耗;随着建筑节能水平的提升,供热和制冷能耗均有一定程度的下降,其中供热能耗的降幅尤为明显,四步节能居住建筑相比于一步到三步节能居住建筑,供热能耗分别下降了53.56%、50.13%和21.25%。对新建建筑及既有建筑的节能改造,应充分考虑不同节能水平对建筑能耗的影响,结合实际需求酌情进行升级改造。除此之外,建筑节能水平的提升,会使其供热和制冷能耗变化量随温度的上升而减小,说明其对气候变化的敏感性在逐渐减弱。因此,提高建筑节能水平,可以更好的应对气候变化,保证其在未来的使用中耗能更低。  相似文献   

1961-2010年环渤海地区寒潮时空分布及变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段丽瑶  刘爱霞  于莉莉 《气象与环境学报》2013,29(4):54-58

利用1961-2010年环渤海地区58个站的逐日平均气温、日最低气温资料,按照寒潮国家标准统计寒潮次数和寒潮强度,分析环渤海地区单站寒潮和区域寒潮的气候变化特征。结果表明：环渤海地区单站寒潮出现频次的地域差异很大,大体上呈现自北至南递减态势,年平均次数最多的为张北21次,最少的京津地区不足2次。近50 a来环渤海地区共有233次区域性寒潮,出现在当年9月至次年4月,其中11月最多。区域寒潮呈显著减少趋势。20世纪60-70年代区域性寒潮事件频发,80年代开始明显减少并在1983年出现了突变。区域特强寒潮不多,20世纪60年代出现了2次,自70年开始特强寒潮平均每个年代出现1次。在气候变暖背景下,环渤海地区区域寒潮次数明显减少,但特强寒潮亦极端寒潮事件并未减少。  相似文献   

1961-2010年气候变化对天津市采暖期和夏季空调期的影响          下载免费PDF全文

史珺  郭军  孙卫国 《气象与环境学报》2013,29(2):61-67

根据1961－2010年天津市逐日气象要素,包括平均温度、最高温度、最低温度、相对湿度以及风速,采用统计学方法分析了近50 a天津市的冷暖度日变化以及冬季采暖期和夏季空调期的气候变化特征,探讨了冷暖度日、舒适日数与区域气候变化之间的关系。结果表明：近50 a天津市冷暖度日具有相反的变化趋势,暖度日（HDD）显著下降、冷度日（CDD）显著上升,且暖度日的变化幅度大于冷度日,变化主要集中于80年代之后。冷暖度日与极端温度之间具有显著相关性。采暖期低温日数呈下降趋势、空调期高温日数呈上升趋势。采暖期冷不舒适日数呈显著下降趋势,夏季空调期热不舒适日数呈显著上升趋势,与同期平均气温之间存在显著性相关,且不舒适气候的随机性呈增多趋势。说明在气候变暖背景下,区域气候变化对天津市采暖期和夏季空调期具有重要影响。  相似文献   

A Catalog of Luminous Infrared Galaxies in the IRAS Survey and Second Data Release of SDSS     

Chen Cao  Hong Wu  Jian-Ling Wang  Cai-Na Hao  Zu-Gan Deng  Xiao-Yang Xia  Zhen-Long Zou National Astronomical Observatories  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing College of Physical Sciences  Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing Department of Physics  Tianjin Normal University  Tianjin 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2006,6(2):197-209

We selected a sample of luminous infrared galaxies by cross-identification of the Faint Source Catalogue (FSC) and Point Source Catalogue (PSC) of the IRAS Survey with the Second Data Release of the SDSS. The size of our sample is 1267 for FSC and 427 for PSC by using the 2σ significance level cross-section. The "likelihood ratio" method is used to estimate the individual's reliability and for defining two more reliable subsamples (908 for FSC and 356 for PSC). A catalog of infrared, optical and radio data is compiled and will be used in further work. Some statistical results show that luminous infrared galaxies are quite different from ultra-luminous infrared galaxies. The AGN fractions of galaxies at different infrared luminosities and the radio-infrared correlations are consistent with the previous studies.  相似文献   

ChinaFLUX CO2通量数据处理系统与应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李春  何洪林  刘敏  苏文  伏玉玲  张雷明  温学发  于贵瑞 《地球信息科学学报》2008,10(5):557-565

CO₂通量观测数据的规范处理及其高质量数据产品的发布,是CO₂通量及其相关领域研究的前提和基础。为解决目前通量观测数据处理工作中存在的过程繁琐、方法不统一、处理不及时等问题,本研究以MATLAB为开发工具,利用其强大的数学计算功能和可视化GUI技术,集成目前主要的通量数据处理方法,开发了一套具有自主知识产权的中国通量网(ChinaFLUX)通量观测数据处理系统。该系统的处理对象为30min的CO₂通量观测数据,其主要处理步骤包括湍流通量计算、观测数据的质量控制/质量保证、缺失观测数据的插补,以及不同时间尺度下碳交换量的分解和计算等。该系统自动化程度高、可视化程度强,为ChinaFLUX通量观测数据处理及服务提供了一个良好的平台。  相似文献   

天津市设计暴雨的空间分布特征     

李明财  任雨  熊明明  杨艳娟 《地理科学》2012,(12):1538-1544

设计暴雨是区域防洪排涝和城市市政排水的重要基础,是关系到区域安全和城市运行的重要问题。利用天津站和塘沽站完整的分钟降雨量资料以及环城四区和滨海新区其它台站的降雨年最大值资料,推求了各台站的暴雨强度公式,分析了天津市城市化对设计暴雨强度的影响,以及中心城区与滨海新区的空间差异。结果表明:城市化对设计雨量有明显的影响,城区重现期1a的暴雨强度有降低的趋势,而重现期3 a以上的暴雨强度有所增强,而且城市化效应在不同环城区域存在明显的一致性,环城四区排水设计在重现期1a及以下时对城市化影响应有所考虑,而3 a以上重现期设计雨量采用中心城区暴雨公式是安全的;滨海新区3个区域各历时不同重现期下的暴雨强度均高于中心城区,尤其是塘沽远远高于中心城区,滨海区域采用全市统一的暴雨公式进行排水系统设计是不安全的,宜采用滨海新区各区县当地的暴雨强度公式。  相似文献   

INTEX-B NO2排放源在中国地区的应用与检验          下载免费PDF全文

张敏  边海  韩素芹  张华  崔振雷  朱彬 《气象与环境学报》2012,28(1):65-70

将INTEX-B排放源应用到空气质量模型Model3-CMAQ中,对中国地区对流层NO₂的浓度分布进行了数值模拟,并与OMI卫星对流层NO₂资料进行了对比和验证。结果表明：将INTEX-B排放源应用到Model3-CMAQ模式,模拟的NO₂浓度在中国地区的分布、季节变化规律与卫星资料所得结果一致。敏感性试验表明,工业及电厂排放对NO₂的浓度贡献最大,而交通排放的贡献相对较小,两种排放均主要集中在京津、长江三角洲等经济发达地区。  相似文献   

Vertical Observations and Analysis of PM2.5, O3, and NOx at Beijing and Tianjin from Towers during Summer and Autumn 2006     

SUN Yang  WANG Yuesi  ZHANG Changchun 《大气科学进展》2010,27(1):123-136

During the period between 18 August and 22 September 2006, an ultraviolet photometric O3 analyzer, a NO-NO2-NOx chemiluminescence analyzer, and a quartz micro-oscillating-scale particle concentration analyzer were simultaneously used for monitoring at three different heights each at Beijing (325-m tower) and Tianjin (255-m tower). These towers belong to the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and to the Tianjin Municipal Meteorological Bureau, respectively. These measurements were used to continuously measure the atmospheric O3 and NOx volume-by-volume concentrations and the PM2.5 mass concentration within a vertical gradient. When combined with meteorological data and information on the variation of vertical characteristics of the various atmospheric pollutants in the two cities, analysis shows that these two cities were seriously polluted by both PM2.5 and O3 during summer and autumn. The highest daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 near the ground in Beijing and Tianjin reached 183 μg m-3 and 165 μg m-3, respectively, while the O3 concentrations reached 52 ppb and 77 ppb, and NOx concentrations reached 48 ppb and 62 ppb for these two cities, respectively. The variations in the daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 between Beijing and Tianjin were demonstrated to be consistent over time. The concentrations of PM2.5 measured in Beijing were found to be higher than those in Tianjin. However, the overall O3 concentrations near the ground in Tianjin were higher than in Beijing. NOx concentrations in Tianjin were consistently lower than in Beijing. It was also found that PM2.5 pollution in Beijings atmosphere may also be affected by the pollutants originating in and delivered from Tianjin, and that Ti  相似文献   

天津地区雷暴大风天气雷达产品特征分析   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

王彦  唐熠  赵金霞  刘广涛  赵刚 《气象》2009,35(5):91-96

应用2002-2007年天津共46次雷暴大风天气过程的新一代天气雷达资料,并结合灾情报告和地面自动气象站资料,根据雷达基本反射率回波特征,影响渤海西部雷暴大风的雷达回波形态有以下四种类型:弓状回波、阵风锋、带状回波和零散椭圆状回波,其中弓状回波对应的雷暴大风天气最为强烈,特别是弓状回波的前部和顶端突起部分;同时弓状回波主体维持时间与雷暴大风维持时间基本一致.另外,应用垂直积分液态水含量产品(VIL)进行了统计分析.结果表明:当VIL值达到或超过40 kg·m~(-2)时,随后VIL值的快速减小对于预警雷暴大风天气有指示意义,这种信息一般能够提前10分钟出现.此外,分析了雷暴大风的路径来源有四类:分别是北方路径有9次,西北路径占19次,西方路径14次和其他路径4次,其中北方路径带来的灾害相对严重.这些特征对预警渤海西部雷暴大风天气提供使用价值,同时也可提供其他地区参考使用.  相似文献