Evaluation of liquefaction induced lateral displacements using genetic programming     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2006,33(4-5):222-233

Determination of liquefaction induced lateral displacements during earthquake is a complex geotechnical engineering problem due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of the soils and the participation of a large number of factors involved. In this paper, a new approach is presented, based on genetic programming (GP), for determination of liquefaction induced lateral spreading. The GP models are trained and validated using a database of SPT-based case histories. Separate models are presented to estimate lateral displacements for free face and for gently sloping ground conditions. It is shown that the GP models are able to learn, with a very high accuracy, the complex relationship between lateral spreading and its contributing factors in the form of a function. The attained function can then be used to generalize the learning to predict liquefaction induced lateral spreading for new cases not used in the construction of the model. The results of the developed GP models are compared with those of a commonly used multi linear regression (MLR) model and the advantages of the proposed GP model over the conventional method are highlighted.  相似文献   

四川盆地碳酸盐岩油气勘探实践与认识   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈季高 《海相油气地质》1997,2(2):22-30

四川盆地烃源十分丰富。但油气演化程度高,大多已进入高成熟和过成熟阶段,至今只在侏罗系发现有油藏,三叠系及其更老地层皆为气藏。储层主要为碳酸盐岩,其特点是低孔低渗,平均孔隙度仅1.7%,平均渗透率小于1×10~(-3)μm~2,但其中的“孔洞发育层段”平均孔隙度可达3%～6%。根据四十年的勘探经验,加强预探并争取新发现是四川盆地油气勘探发展的关键。预探中,按构造带规划大中型气田勘探目标,将成藏条件相似、地域上相邻的局部圈闭群作为一个整体勘探对象,实行稀井广探,少井高效。“八五”以来,在高陡构造带勘探技术、储层横向预探技术等方面有长足的进步,勘探成效不断提高,实现了资源序列的良性循环。  相似文献   

青海德令哈盆地石炭纪古环境研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙娇鹏  陈世悦  彭渊  刘文平  马帅  邵鹏程  刘金 《沉积与特提斯地质》2016,36(2):30-37

采自德令哈地区石炭系的12个碳酸盐岩样品测试、分析结果表明,德令哈地区石炭纪整体为分层中等的弱还原海相环境,水体受陆源碎屑注入影响明显。这种湿热、还原的高盐度水体利于生物的繁盛及有机质的保存,使德令哈地区石炭系发育极为优越的烃源岩条件。垂向上,克鲁克组偏高的咸化程度及分层程度,表明克鲁克组沉积水体相对闭塞、咸化程度较高,而怀头他拉组、扎布萨尕秀组灰岩形成于水体交换相对通畅的海域。从岩性组合、陆源碎屑注入变化及盐度、还原性的差异来看,克鲁克组主体为局限台地环境,而怀头他拉组、扎布萨尕秀组为开阔台地。作为对克鲁克组高盐度、还原性水介质环境的响应,克鲁克组烃源岩TOC条件要比怀头他拉组及扎布萨尕秀组优越。  相似文献   

西藏当雄地区拉屋矿床二长花岗岩地球化学特征及构造背景          下载免费PDF全文

兰双双  李光明  马东方  董磊 《沉积与特提斯地质》2016,36(3):1-7

西藏拉屋矿床位于冈底斯铜铅锌多金属成矿带东段。通过对拉屋矿区出露的二长花岗岩地球化学研究表明,岩石中SiO_2、Al_2O_3和CaO等的含量均高、贫Fe和低Na_2O;w(SiO_2)含量为65.40%~74.43%,A/CNK值在1.41~2.20之间,为强过铝质花岗岩。岩石稀土总量ΣREE(不含Y)较低,为(5.08~80.38)×10~(-6),LaN/YbN值为2.43~5.65,ΣLREE/ΣHREE为1.63~3.64,稀土元素配分型式为右倾型,具负铕异常。Nb、Ti、Zr、Ce等高场强元素和Ba明显的亏损,K、Rb、Sr等大离子亲石元素明显的富集。综合研究认为,本区花岗岩的物质来源于上部陆壳,岩浆源区岩石成分为泥质岩;该岩体为形成于同碰撞构造环境、地壳加厚阶段的过铝质花岗岩。  相似文献   

Implications of structural inheritance in oblique rift zones for basin compartmentalization: Nkhata Basin,Malawi Rift (EARS)     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

The Cenozoic East African Rift System (EARS) is an exceptional example of active continental extension, providing opportunities for furthering our understanding of hydrocarbon plays within rifts. It is divided into structurally distinct western and eastern branches. The western branch comprises deep rift basins separated by transfer zones, commonly localised onto pre-existing structures, offering good regional scale hydrocarbon traps. At a basin-scale, local discrete inherited structures might also play an important role on fault localisation and hydrocarbon distribution. Here, we consider the evolution of the Central basin of the Malawi Rift, in particular the influence of pre-existing structural fabrics.Integrating basin-scale multichannel 2D, and high resolution seismic datasets we constrain the border, Mlowe-Nkhata, fault system (MNF) to the west of the basin and smaller Mbamba fault (MF) to the east and document their evolution. Intra basin structures define a series of horsts, which initiated as convergent transfers, along the basin axis. The horsts are offset along a NE–SW striking transfer fault parallel to and along strike of the onshore Karoo (Permo-Triassic) Ruhuhu graben. Discrete pre-existing structures probably determined its location and, oriented obliquely to the extension orientation it accommodated predominantly strike-slip deformation, with more slowly accrued dip-slip.To the north of this transfer fault, the overall basin architecture is asymmetric, thickening to the west throughout; while to the south, an initially symmetric graben architecture became increasingly asymmetric in sediment distribution as strain localised onto the western MNF. The presence of the axial horst increasingly focussed sediment supply to the west. As the transfer fault increased its displacement, so this axial supply was interrupted, effectively starving the south-east while ponding sediments between the western horst margin and the transfer fault. This asymmetric bathymetry and partitioned sedimentation continues to the present-day, overprinting the early basin symmetry and configuration. Sediments deposited earlier become increasingly dissected and fault juxtapositions changed at a small (10–100 m) scale. The observed influence of basin-scale transfer faults on sediment dispersal and fault compartmentalization due to pre-existing structures oblique to the extension orientation is relevant to analogous exploration settings.  相似文献   

川中地区中二叠统栖霞组滩控岩溶型白云岩储层特征及主控因素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

芦飞凡  谭秀成  王利超  唐青松  肖笛  董少峰  苏成鹏  潘政屹 《沉积学报》2021,39(2):456-469

四川盆地中部地区栖霞组的白云岩是该区主要储层,储层成因的主流观点是热液白云岩化。目前勘探实践发现,优质储渗体形成与早期相控岩溶作用有关。通过取芯及测录井资料进行了详细分析,研究结果表明,该类白云岩储层主要位于栖霞组中上部颗粒滩发育的地层中,按其宏微观产出状态可分为溶斑状云岩、溶洞充填云岩、针孔状基质云岩和致密基质云岩。储集岩物性以溶洞充填云岩最佳,储层类型属裂缝—孔洞型储层。进一步分析显示:研究区栖霞组滩相地层沉积后随即经历了一定时间的整体抬升暴露,期间接受早成岩期岩溶作用,形成了具相控特征的岩溶系统,早期淡水岩溶作用是优质孔洞型储层形成的关键。在中二叠沉积期后不久的东吴运动高峰期,热液流体上涌将岩溶系统及其部分围岩交代为白云岩。由于岩溶系统内部保留了较多的残余自由空间,经热液白云岩化调整后形成的白云石更为自形,且保存了较多的晶间孔隙。而相比之下,岩溶系统基岩已在早期埋藏中趋于致密,云化后形成的云岩物性较差。仅有部分颗粒岩仍然保留了一定的原始孔隙,云化后针孔较为发育。栖霞组白云岩储层具有相控性,规模性和继承性三大发育特点。提出优质储层分布受控于岩溶系统,为区内栖霞组白云岩储层成因提供了新的思路,对该区储层分布预测及进一步的勘探部署也具一定指导意义。  相似文献   

同轴双向回转钻进破岩效率研究          下载免费PDF全文

曹彦伟  李谦 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):70-78

国内外相关研究均显示同轴双向回转可有效降低钻具振动和提高破岩效率,但双向回转相对传统单向回转的钻进效率的提升水平研究较少。据此,本文建立双向回转钻头以及单向回转钻头与岩石相互作用的有限元模型,以破岩比功作为评价指标量化比较分析了2种钻头的破岩效率。通过定义双向钻头内外壁尺寸差、内外钻头的间隙、内钻头壁厚与双向钻头内外壁尺寸差之比、内外钻头转速比和内外钻头底部高度差5种核心参数,并设计正交试验完成了仿真分析。结果显示,内外钻头高度差与内外钻头间隙对于破岩比功影响比较小,内外钻头尺寸差、内外钻头转速比和内钻头壁厚与双向钻头内外尺寸差之比对破岩比功影响显著。  相似文献   

基于离散元模拟的二元颗粒柱坍塌特性研究     

崔溦  魏杰  张贵科  李宏璧 《岩土力学》2021,(1):280-290

常见的地质灾害如滑坡、泥石流、岩崩等通常都涉及不同形状的颗粒物质运动,这些形状不同的颗粒又多具有不同的尺寸和含量。基于典型的颗粒柱坍塌试验,首先根据试验方法确定了离散元模拟所需的各项参数,然后采用随机多面体方法生成了可控制长细比的大颗粒,利用离散元法就不同大颗粒含量下形态变化对二元颗粒柱坍塌特性的影响开展研究,研究结果表明:(1)利用离散元法可以较好地重现室内试验中小球和多面体组成的二元颗粒系统的颗粒柱坍塌过程;(2)在不同长细比的不规则大颗粒和小球组成的二元颗粒柱系统中,当大颗粒含量高于临界含量值20%时,二元颗粒柱坍塌持续的时间随非球形大颗粒长细比的增加而增加;(3)在不同长细比的不规则大颗粒和小球组成的二元颗粒柱中,当大颗粒含量高于临界含量值20%时,在相同百分比的大颗粒含量下,大颗粒长细比的增加会提高大颗粒平均配位数以及降低颗粒的运动能力,大颗粒间形成更强的互锁作用,降低了颗粒柱的整体流动性,使其最终堆积高度更高、最大跑出距离更短以及更小的归一化动能峰值。(4)在不同长细比的不规则大颗粒和小球组成的二元颗粒柱中,小颗粒可以较为明显降低大颗粒间摩擦及互锁作用,增加流动性,降低大骨料形态对坍塌过程的影响。  相似文献   

平衡剖面的正演计算及其应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陈伟  曾庆 《地质科学》1993,28(2):117-126

正演运动模型近来已广泛运用于地质剖面的构造演化模拟。作者以Suppe的断层转折褶皱的几何模型为基础,详细阐述了挤压构造区域上盘地层的几何形态变化对应的速度场分布规律及地层长度变化;编制出相应的平衡剖面正演程序,并扩充了正演程序的应用范围。以川东大池干构造为实例,制作出该构造的平衡构造演化剖面。  相似文献   

东湾背斜构造特征与勘探目标选择     

王长城  施泽进  田亚铭  徐亮  李和  徐伟 《大地构造与成矿学》2006,30(1):23-27

东湾背斜位于准噶尔盆地南缘,采用多种地球物理及地质方法,通过多次论证,证明构造是落实的,且其烃源岩、储集层以及盖层条件都较好,但2003年完钻的东湾1井钻探结果却无任何油气显示。在深入了解准噶尔盆地南缘区域构造背景的基础上,探讨了东湾背斜的构造特征、构造演化过程及油气成藏条件,总结出东湾背斜的油气聚集规律,指出在东湾地区可能存在的两种油气藏模式,最后提出下步有利勘探目标区。  相似文献