Proterozoic (pre-Ediacaran) glaciation and the high obliquity,low-latitude ice,strong seasonality (HOLIST) hypothesis: Principles and tests     

《Earth》2008,88(3-4):61-93

Sedimentological observations and palaeomagnetic data for Cryogenian glacial deposits present the climatic paradox of grounded glaciers and in situ cold climate near sea-level, glaciomarine deposition, and accompanying large (up to 40 °C) seasonal changes of temperature, all in low to near-equatorial (< 10°) palaeolatitudes (equated with geographic latitudes). Neither the “snowball Earth” nor the “slushball Earth” hypothesis can account for such strong seasonality near the palaeoequator, which together with findings from sedimentology, chemostratigraphy, biogeochemistry, micropalaeontology, geochronology and climate modelling argue against those scenarios. An alternative explanation of glaciation and strong seasonality in low palaeolatitudes is offered by a high (> 54°) obliquity of the ecliptic, which would render the equator cooler than the poles, on average, and amplify global seasonality. A high obliquity per se would not have been a primary trigger for glaciation, but would have strongly influenced the latitudinal distribution of glaciers. The principle of low-latitude glaciation on a terrestrial planet with high obliquity is validated by theoretical studies and observations of Mars. A high obliquity for the early Earth is a likely outcome of a single giant impact at 4.5 Ga, the widely favoured mechanism for lunar origin. This implies that a high obliquity could have prevailed during most of the Precambrian, controlling the low palaeolatitude of glaciations in the early and late Palaeoproterozoic and Cryogenian. It is postulated that the obliquity changed to < 54° between the termination of the last Cryogenian low-palaeolatitude glaciation at ≤ 635 Ma and the initiation of Late Ordovician–Early Silurian circum-polar glaciation at 445 Ma.The High Obliquity, Low-latitude Ice, STrong seasonality (HOLIST) hypothesis for pre-Ediacaran glaciation emerges favourably from numerous glacial and non-glacial tests. The hypothesis is in accord with such established or implied features of Cryogenian glaciogenic successions as extensive and long-lived open seas, an active hydrological cycle, aridity and palaeowesterly (reversed zonal) winds in low palaeolatitudes, and the apparent diachronism or non-correlation of some low-palaeolatitude glaciations. A pre-Ediacaran high obliquity also offers a viable solution of the faint young Sun paradox of a warm Archaean Earth. Furthermore, reduction of obliquity during the Ediacaran–early Palaeozoic would have yielded a more habitable globe with much reduced seasonal stresses and may have been an important factor influencing the unique evolutionary events of the Ediacaran and Cambrian. The palaeolatitudinal distribution of evaporites cannot discriminate unambiguously between high- and low-obliquity states for the pre-Ediacaran Earth. Intervals of true polar wander such as postulated by others for the Ediacaran and Early Cambrian imply major mass-redistributions within the Earth at those times, which may provide a potential mechanism for reducing the obliquity during the Ediacaran–early Palaeozoic.  相似文献   

贵州中东部剩余重力异常与区域矿产分布关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王亮  张应文  龙超林  晏承志  张家德  王毅  海宇清 《物探与化探》2008,32(2):116-121,125

重点研究1:20万剩余重力异常,结合航磁、物性、地质等资料,初步圈定区内隐伏、半隐伏岩浆岩体,对研究与重力异常、岩体分布关系密切的矿产的时间、空间分布及其成因,有一定参考价值和指示意义。  相似文献   

贵州贵阳地区下三叠统凝缩段的遗迹化石特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王尚彦 《沉积与特提斯地质》1997,17(2):58-62

贵阳地区下三叠统是一个完整的碳酸盐岩层序（相当于三级旋回层序）．该层序中的凝缩段由深色薄层（单层厚0．5cm～1cm）的泥晶灰岩和泥质条带灰岩组成．凝缩段中产丰富的遗迹化右．该遗迹群落为：Cochlichnus,Cosmorhaphe,Chondrites,Gordia,Huaxich－nus，Oldhamia,Phycosiphon.Protopaleodictyon,Pinnatpedus,Mammillichnus,Neonerites和生物扰动构造．遗迹化石组合与Nereites遗迹相相似。此外，文本还讨论了此遗迹群落的形成原因。  相似文献   

The fault-controlled skarn W–Mo polymetallic mineralization during the main India–Eurasia collision: Example from Hahaigang deposit of Gangdese metallogenic belt of Tibet     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2014

The Hahaigang W–Mo polymetallic skarn deposit is located in the central-eastern part of Gangdese tectono-magmatic belt in Lhasa terrane, Tibet. The deposit was discovered in 2007 with currently proven 46 million tons of WO₃ ores, 12 million tons of Mo ores, and 1.31 million tons of combined Cu–Pb–Zn ores, at an average grade of 0.20% WO₃, 0.07% Mo, 0.026% Cu, 0.49% Pb, and 3.1% Zn. Ore bodies occur in veins or disseminations, and are confined within the NE-striking Dalong fault zone which is hosted by the Lower-Permian Pangna Group of dominantly quartz sandstone and slate. Several granitic plutons are exposed in the area or known from drill-holes. Ages of these granitic plutons are determined by using zircon U–Pb LA–ICP–MS method. For example, the biotite monzogranite yields a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U–²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁸U concordia age of 58.66 ± 0.90 Ma and a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 57.02 ± 0.42 Ma. The granite porphyry yields a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U–²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁸U concordia age of 109.1 ± 8.9 Ma and a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 114.0 ± 2.6 Ma. The biotite monzogranite yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 56.1 ± 1.1 Ma. Re–Os isochron age of 63.2 ± 3.2 Ma from 5 molybdenite samples collected from the W–Mo skarn ores is also obtained in this study. The zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronological data suggest that the W–Mo mineralization was not temporally associated with any of the dated igneous plutons. However, the molybdenite Re–Os age of 63.2 ± 3.2 Ma indicates that the W–Mo mineralization might have occurred during the main India–Eurasia collision that was initiated around 65 Ma. Microprobe analysis of ilvaite that occurs in two generations in the W–Mo skarn ores reveals a close relationship to Ca–Fe–F-rich hydrothermal fluids, which were probably derived from deeply-seated magmas. We suggest that ascent of the fluids was strictly controlled by the ore-controlling Dalong fault zone, and that chemical interaction and metasomatism between the fluids and the Lower-Permian Pangna quartz-feldspathic host rocks produced the ilvaite and the W–Mo polymetallic skarn deposit during the main India–Eurasia collision. Although the majority of the polymetallic deposits in the Gangdese belt are reported to be either pre- or post-main collision, it is evident from this study that the main collision also produced W–Mo polymetallic mineralization within the belt.  相似文献   

贵州铝土矿基底地层特征及其与成矿的关系     

周文龙 《地质与勘探》2016,52(3):462-471

目前对于贵州铝土矿含矿岩系基底地层特征及其与成矿关系有一些研究,但缺乏系统性.通过在对省内大量铝土矿床勘查和研究资料的分析,获得一些新的认识.该地区基底地层时空分布上,由南到北、由西到东逐渐变新,黔北主要为硅酸盐岩,但古喀斯特地貌不明显,黔中以碳酸盐岩为主且有显著古喀斯特地貌.基底地层在一定程度上提供了成矿物源,同时也控制了矿体形态.因基底岩性和古喀斯特地貌的不同,使得在铝土物质沉积阶段沉积分选方式有差异,同时导致铝土物质次生富集阶段地下水化学特性及动力系统的差异,使硅排铁作用强弱不同,这些因素都影响矿石类型和品位.  相似文献   

黔西南及邻区两类赋金层序与沉积环境   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王砚耕 《沉积与特提斯地质》1990,10(6):8-13

贵州省西南部及其毗邻的广西西北部和云南东南部,广泛分布着晚古生代和三叠纪地层,它们系受海平面升降控制形成的复杂成因单元。该区的上二叠统至下三叠统(下部)和中三叠统(中下部)是黔桂滇“金三角”微细粒浸染型金矿两个最重要的赋矿层位,对其研究不仅具有重要的地层学意义,而且对普查找矿也有实用价值。本文将简要论述该区的区域地质背景,阐述两个赋金层序的基本特征,并进行沉积环境分析。  相似文献   

论弱活动断裂在岩溶区航片水文地质判译中的作用     

李兴中  李双岱  吕希斌 《中国岩溶》1986,(Z1):22-28

<正> 在水文地质工程地质领域中,活动断裂以其对地下水的运移、富集及人类工程活动等方面的深刻影响而受到人们的重视。七十年代以来,随着我国地震工作的深入开展,区域水文地质工程地质普查的广泛进行,以及若干新的探测技术方法的引进,人们对活动断裂的区域分布规律、地质地貌特征及其水文地质工程地质意义等方面的认识日益深入。  相似文献   

贵阳安顺地区岩溶地下水网络之航片判译     

李兴中  李双岱 《中国岩溶》1986,(Z1):99-111

<正> 安顺地区,位于贵州高原西南部长江与珠江水系的宽缓分水岭上,下三叠统白云岩大面积分布,岩溶强烈发育,形成典型的高原型峰林谷地地形。在该区城市供水水文地质普查勘探中,利用航片判译是这次勘探手段之一,目的在于分析确定水文地质边界,阐明区域岩溶地下水的运移和富集规律,圈定富水构造和富水部位,并配合地面水文地质调查和物探工作,为勘探试验工程的合理布局和提高区域水文地质研究程度提供资料。该区水文地质普查勘探的初步实践表明,航片判译对于解决上述问题是有效的。本文试图从航片判译的角度出发,结合地面调查、物探以及钻探资料分析对比,对区域岩溶地下水网络特征进行初步论证。  相似文献   

黔东南锦屏-天柱地区构造控岩控金特征模拟实验及其力学分析   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

吴学益  卢焕章  吕古贤  王中刚  胡瑞忠  陈文一  朱笑青 《大地构造与成矿学》2006,30(3):355-368

在前人工作基础上,侧重研究石英脉型金矿床成矿的地质背景,建立了该类型金矿的成矿模式。进而开展三轴温压条件下的成岩成矿实验,构造形变特征及其与成矿物质活化、迁移、富集之间的相互关系的模拟实验。实验结果表明:(1)该区岩石、矿石在高温高压条件下,产生塑性变形(褶皱)和脆性变形(破裂);(2)在变形过程中使成矿物质活化、迁移和富集,形成顺层及穿层的含金石英脉,并在多期多次变形过程中使成矿物质叠加富集;(3)在褶皱(背斜)轴部形成富矿体。模拟实验结果与所建立的该类型金矿构造控矿和成矿模式非常相似。实验资料的力学分析表明,由轴压所产生的构造附加压力大大地提高了实际围压,从而促进了岩石流变、变形和物质的迁移,由此促进含矿流体向构造附加压力小的部位定向迁移、充填和成矿。构造附加压力是促进该区金成矿的重要动力条件。  相似文献   

黔东八克金矿床毒砂和黄铁矿微量元素地球化学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑杰  余大龙  杨忠琴 《矿物学报》2010,30(1)

八克金矿床以矿体和围岩广泛出现毒砂为典型特征,毒砂、黄铁矿为金的主要共生矿物。对矿体及其围岩中毒砂、黄铁矿进行稀土和微量元素地球化学研究,结果显示矿体中毒砂和黄铁矿的稀土元素总量明显低于围岩的毒砂、黄铁矿,从矿体—近矿围岩—远矿围岩,毒砂、黄铁矿都出现铕的明显负异常,铈无明显异常,反映成矿流体具弱还原性;毒砂、黄铁矿微量元素含量呈现出随着成矿流体从早期到晚期的演化而减少,并普遍亏损高场强元素,富集LREE的特征;通过对黄铁矿、毒砂Hf/Sm、Nb/La和Th/La比值分析,表明八克金矿床成矿流体为富Cl型流体;从研究毒砂、黄铁矿Y/Ho、Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta比值变化范围,表明作用于围岩、矿体中的成矿流体从早期-晚期发生了改变,推测晚期成矿流体可能遭受了外来热液的混入;应用毒砂、黄铁矿中的Co/Ni比值,结合已有数据,表明成矿热液具有多来源的特点,成矿流体来源于大气降水与岩浆水不均匀混合。八克金矿是岩浆热液型的含金石英脉型金矿床。  相似文献