Proterozoic (pre-Ediacaran) glaciation and the high obliquity,low-latitude ice,strong seasonality (HOLIST) hypothesis: Principles and tests     

《Earth》2008,88(3-4):61-93

Sedimentological observations and palaeomagnetic data for Cryogenian glacial deposits present the climatic paradox of grounded glaciers and in situ cold climate near sea-level, glaciomarine deposition, and accompanying large (up to 40 °C) seasonal changes of temperature, all in low to near-equatorial (< 10°) palaeolatitudes (equated with geographic latitudes). Neither the “snowball Earth” nor the “slushball Earth” hypothesis can account for such strong seasonality near the palaeoequator, which together with findings from sedimentology, chemostratigraphy, biogeochemistry, micropalaeontology, geochronology and climate modelling argue against those scenarios. An alternative explanation of glaciation and strong seasonality in low palaeolatitudes is offered by a high (> 54°) obliquity of the ecliptic, which would render the equator cooler than the poles, on average, and amplify global seasonality. A high obliquity per se would not have been a primary trigger for glaciation, but would have strongly influenced the latitudinal distribution of glaciers. The principle of low-latitude glaciation on a terrestrial planet with high obliquity is validated by theoretical studies and observations of Mars. A high obliquity for the early Earth is a likely outcome of a single giant impact at 4.5 Ga, the widely favoured mechanism for lunar origin. This implies that a high obliquity could have prevailed during most of the Precambrian, controlling the low palaeolatitude of glaciations in the early and late Palaeoproterozoic and Cryogenian. It is postulated that the obliquity changed to < 54° between the termination of the last Cryogenian low-palaeolatitude glaciation at ≤ 635 Ma and the initiation of Late Ordovician–Early Silurian circum-polar glaciation at 445 Ma.The High Obliquity, Low-latitude Ice, STrong seasonality (HOLIST) hypothesis for pre-Ediacaran glaciation emerges favourably from numerous glacial and non-glacial tests. The hypothesis is in accord with such established or implied features of Cryogenian glaciogenic successions as extensive and long-lived open seas, an active hydrological cycle, aridity and palaeowesterly (reversed zonal) winds in low palaeolatitudes, and the apparent diachronism or non-correlation of some low-palaeolatitude glaciations. A pre-Ediacaran high obliquity also offers a viable solution of the faint young Sun paradox of a warm Archaean Earth. Furthermore, reduction of obliquity during the Ediacaran–early Palaeozoic would have yielded a more habitable globe with much reduced seasonal stresses and may have been an important factor influencing the unique evolutionary events of the Ediacaran and Cambrian. The palaeolatitudinal distribution of evaporites cannot discriminate unambiguously between high- and low-obliquity states for the pre-Ediacaran Earth. Intervals of true polar wander such as postulated by others for the Ediacaran and Early Cambrian imply major mass-redistributions within the Earth at those times, which may provide a potential mechanism for reducing the obliquity during the Ediacaran–early Palaeozoic.  相似文献   

藏南扎西康铅锌锑银多金属矿床地质特征及找矿方向     

刘玉生  邓江红  何明华  原恩慧  刘敏院  李及秋  杨志平  张立华 《四川地质学报》2010,30(1):13-15,19

扎西康铅锌锑银矿区主要出露下侏罗统地层。矿区内目前发现的4个铅锌锑银矿体,主要充填于近南北向张扭性断裂破碎带及次级羽状张节理中,矿化强度从构造带中心向两侧围岩呈渐变过渡关系。初步分析矿床与北部的穷多江变质核杂岩、广泛发育的南北向断裂及侏罗纪地层有着密切成因联系。F42、F46、F48所围限的倒三角形区域内的侏罗纪地层、南北向深大断裂和褶皱核部区域,应为今后矿区及外围进一步探矿的重点和主要研究对象。  相似文献   

黔东北地区钒矿床地球化学特征及成因研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

舒多友  侯兵德  张命桥  谢兴友 《矿床地质》2014,33(4):857-869

近年来在黔东北地区先后发现了多个中_大型沉积型钒矿床,它们均赋存在寒武系下统九门冲组(∈1jm)下部的黑色碳质泥岩中。为了从地球化学方面深入探讨该类钒矿床中含矿岩系的沉积环境以及矿床成因类别,选用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP_MS)法对钒矿体及其上、下地层的样品进行了主量、微量和稀土元素测试,采用层序地层学方法对典型钒矿床的含矿岩系地层进行剖析,充分利用地球化学元素对环境的敏感特性探索了含矿岩系形成的氧化还原条件和矿床成因。结果表明,含矿岩系主要为海相深(浅)水陆棚相沉积物,因沉积过程中沉积相的多次演变,形成了现在具有一定差异的岩性组合。同时,因地球化学场的不断变化,沉积物中主量、微量和稀土元素的含量呈现了特有的分布规律。文章首次从地球化学方面揭示了该区含矿岩系及钒矿层均是还原环境下的产物,钒矿床以正常海相沉积成因为主,仅与生物作用有一定关系,受热水影响并不明显。这对钒矿床的成矿预测以及实现更大找矿突破,具有一定意义。  相似文献   

1980-2019年青藏高原积雪深度时空差异性分析北大核心CSCD     

王芝兰  张飞民  王澄海  孙旭映  吕春艳 《冰川冻土》2022,44(3):810-821

积雪是地表特征的重要参数,其对辐射收支、能量平衡及天气和气候变化有重要影响。利用1980-2019年被动微波遥感积雪深度资料对青藏高原积雪时空特征进行分析,在此基础上将高原划分为东部、南部、西部及中部4个区域,并分区域讨论了多时间尺度积雪的变化特征及其与气温、降水的相关关系。结果表明:不同区域积雪深度在不同时间尺度的变化特征存在差异,高原东部积雪深度累积和消融的速率比西部快,南部积雪深度累积和消融速率比中部快。季节尺度上,冬季积雪高原东部最大,中部最小;春季积雪高原东部消融速率最大,西部积雪消融较慢但积雪深度最大;夏季高原西部仍有积雪存在。年际尺度上,各区域积雪深度在1980-2019年均呈现缓慢下降趋势,但东部积雪减少不显著;高原东部积雪深度在1980-2019年呈现出增加-减少-增加-减少的变化,其余3区均呈现出减少-增加-减少-增加-减少的变化。不同区域积雪深度对气温、降水的响应不同,高原东部和中部积雪深度与气温相关性较好;各区域积雪深度与降水呈不显著的正相关关系。  相似文献   

贵州省松桃县桃子坪隐伏超大型锰矿床地质特征及潜力分析          下载免费PDF全文

尹廷龙  周琦  杨胜堂  潘文  蒋天锐  叶飞  赵爽 《贵州地质》2019,36(4):291-298

贵州松桃桃子坪超大型锰矿床是华南南华纪武陵锰矿成矿带中松桃寨英-西溪堡(Ⅳ级)地堑盆地中发现的第二个超大型"大塘坡式"锰矿床,与亚洲最大的松桃普觉超大型锰矿紧邻,位于西溪堡(Ⅳ级)地堑盆地北西侧的渗漏喷溢中心相-过渡相-边缘相。矿体埋深9202 000 m,为全隐伏锰矿床。含锰岩系厚度15. 70 91. 00 m、锰矿体厚度1. 07 14. 58 m。含锰岩系与锰矿体空间展布的长轴方向呈狭长带状沿北东约65°方向展布,与地表北东向的燕山期构造存在约40°夹角。目前该锰矿床北东和南西侧矿体均未圈边,还存在较大的锰矿找矿潜力。  相似文献   

贵州印江窑上奥陶系湄潭组含锰矿层发现及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

叶飞  潘文  尹廷龙  左勇  覃智贵  周灵  周宁  赵爽  刘健 《贵州地质》2020,37(2):138-143, 208

近期在开展1∶5万大坝场幅区域地质调查工作中,在印江窑上奥陶系湄潭组中发现了锰矿层。目前国内已有公开报道的奥陶系锰矿仅见于湖南桃江、益阳、安化、宁乡等地。综合分析后,认为该锰矿可与"桃江式"锰矿对比。鉴于黔东北湄潭组地层分布广泛,具有一定科学和找矿意义。  相似文献   

贵州省江口县硒、锗特色耕地资源分布规律研究          下载免费PDF全文

韩姚飞  沈小庆  张德实  洪万华 《贵州地质》2020,37(3):320-328

雨天城市道路交通拥堵频发,交通运行在道路网络各路段间的交互影响较晴天明显增强。本文针对传统出行时间预算模型应用的局限性,考虑雨天各路段间行车延误的相互影响,改进了走行时间方差的计算方法,提出一种雨天城市道路交通拥堵概率预测方法。选取南京市某行车路径进行验证,通过4种工况、3种模型走行时间的比较,发现考虑相关性的分段组合模型更接近整体路径分布情况,且拥堵概率预测准确率大于90%。研究结果表明：本文提出的预测模型能有效预测城市道路雨天拥堵情况,可为雨天道路适应性评价和交通管控提供依据。  相似文献   

黔东铜仁地区寒武系热液白云岩特征及其成矿意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

李驰  潘文  杜远生 《古地理学报》2018,20(5):869-876

黔东铜仁地区寒武系清虚洞组和娄山关组中分布有多处热液白云岩,其形态包括块状、透镜状、角砾状等。通过露头及薄片观察、流体包裹体温度测定、稀土元素和锶同位素分析,笔者探讨了研究区不同类型热液白云岩的形成机制、热液性质与来源及其与铅锌成矿作用的关系。结果表明: (1)热液白云岩由中粗晶-巨晶鞍状白云石组成,形成温度为96~223 ℃,平均为155.86 ℃;盐度为8.28~16.15 wt% NaCl,平均为12.30wt% NaCl;具有轻稀土富集和Ce负异常特征,LREE/HREE为16.51,δCe为0.79, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr为0.708662。(2)块状和透镜状热液白云岩形成于交代作用较完全的环境,角砾状热液白云岩可能形成于水力破裂作用;白云石化流体可能来自包括震旦系碳酸盐岩在内的下伏地层,断层和裂缝为其运移通道。(3)白云石化流体与区域铅锌成矿流体温度、盐度和地球化学特征相近,来源相同或相似;热液白云岩中含有少量成矿物质,应形成于铅锌主成矿期前后。  相似文献   

Indosinian Supergene Karsts in the Qaidam Basin, NW China: Evidence from Paleo-tectonics, Paleoclimates and Paleo-fluids     

LI Zongxing  PENG Bo  QI Kening  LIU Dapeng  MA Yinsheng  ZHANG Wang  HU Junjie  WANG Jiaqi 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(1):386-399

In the Qaidam basin,Northwest China,karstic fissures and caves are developed in many places of the Lower Carboniferous Chengqianggou Fm.and Huaitoutala Fm.and the Upper Carboniferous Keluke Fm.,in which are found typical karstic marks.Several suites of transgressive carbonate rocks formed during the Late Paleozoic epoch are preserved as reservoir properties in the Qaidam basin,with paleokarst-related cave-fractured diagenetic structures,which provided the basis for cavefractured development.Carbonate and clastic samples covering or infilling caves and fractures in Carboniferous strata were collected in the eastern Qaidam basin to focus on petrological and geochemical analyses of karst and infilling materials.Based on this study of the Caledonian diagenetic sequence,and bitumen-infilled inclusion temperature and burial history,there existed a continuous atmospheric freshwater leaching process,which played a critical role in the construction of the Carboniferous supergene paleokarsts.Investigation and survey of the tectonic setting,plate paleolatitude and river development intensity also proves that there was abundant rainfall during the Indosinian period,after which the strata undergo a shallow burial process.Because Indosinian period is earlier than the key timing of hydrocarbon-generation of the Carboniferous source rocks,this kind of karst reservoir has potential significance for oil-gas resources in this area.  相似文献   

国内外行政区划调整研究综述     

刘高 《云南地理环境研究》2013,25(2):47-51,89

行政区划作为上层建筑,是把国家权益和政府职能合理配置于各级地方的空间基础,是协调区域利益格局的法理路径,也是有效管理和治理地方事务的重要举措,它是关系到国家繁荣昌盛和长治久安的大政。近年,中国行政区划变动较为频繁,处于相对的波峰时期,基于行政区划战略的重要性及现实需要的紧迫性,综述有关国内外行政区划的调整,对中国行政区划体制改革与调整具有重大理论参考价值和实践指导意义。  相似文献