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为了掌握快速路瓶颈路段异质交通流的演变规律，以缓解交通拥堵，本文以快速路上匝道瓶颈路段为研究对象，构建了考虑安全距离的改进NaSch上匝道模型，利用数值仿真，对不同场景交通流演化过程进行系统性研究。仿真结果显示：在不同条件下，异质交通流中自动驾驶车辆比例的增加对瓶颈路段交通运营状态影响结果各异。在自由流阶段，自动驾驶车辆比例的增加对快速路瓶颈路段运营通行能力的增加无显著影响，自动驾驶车辆比例取0.9时，瓶颈路段运营通行能力反而降低了2.48%；在交通拥堵状态下，当异质交通流中自动驾驶车辆比例达到0.7及以上时，才有助于交通拥堵的消散，且其临界值随交通拥堵状态程度的提高而增大；当交通密度达到100 veh/km以上时，自动驾驶车辆比例的增加无法实质性改善瓶颈路段交通拥堵状态。研究结果可为异质交通流环境下的快速路上匝道瓶颈路段的治堵策略提供理论依据。 相似文献
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329国道在慈溪境内段长约45公里，是慈溪市对外交通的主要道路，时至今日，交通量快速增长，拥堵现象日益突出，局部路段行车道破损严重，改造需要求迫切。本文根据工程实施的实际情况，重点对路幅改造设计作了论述，以期对类似条件下的工程建设提供参考。 相似文献
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城市道路工程中车辆行驶引起的振动对周边环境产生不利影响,本文介绍一种砂袋垫层道路隔振方法。通过在道路路基中设置砂袋垫层,减少道路行车振动对沿边建筑物等的环境影响。并介绍了土袋垫层地基处理技术在国外道路工程中的应用实例。 相似文献
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交通荷载下软土地基长期沉降的有限元法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
软土地基在交通荷载作用下的长期沉降是决定软土地区交通设施耐久性的关键因素。为合理地预测该部分沉降,提出了一个适用于交通荷载长期作用下的饱和软土累积变形（残余体变和残余剪切变形）计算的经验公式。该模型采用一个反映排水条件的参数描述不同的排水条件对残余体变发展过程的影响。通过采用体变硬化模式,考虑部分排水条件对残余体积变形和残余剪切变形发展过程的影响。基于该经验模型,发展了有限元实用计算方法,编制了相应的程序ROAD2D。通过对实际边值问题的计算,验证了该模型和计算方法的合理性和有效性。分析结果表明,与部分排水路段相比,排水不畅的路段在交通荷载长期作用下将出现更大的地基沉降和侧向挤出,其变形模式更不利于路面的正常使用。 相似文献
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文通拥堵是当今城市发展所面临的普遍难题。建设地下交通设施、构建立体化交通体系,是缓解交通拥堵的重要手段之一,因此,地下交通空间的利用和开发建设越来越受到各地重视。本文结合北京市近几年城市地下交通联系通道的设计与建设,重点论述地下交通联系通道的发展历程,并展望了地下交通联系通道在未来城市发展建设过程中的应用前景。 相似文献
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基于液化侧向变形实用统计模型和地震概率模型,建立了可以考虑地震随机特征和土体性质不确定性的液化侧向变形超越概率模型框架,通过实际案例初步探讨了模型的有效性,并将超越概率模型与现有统计模型的预测结果进行了对比。分析结果表明,若液化侧向变形的条件概率满足正态分布,标准差在5%到20%期望值范围内变化时,对位移超越概率影响不大;若满足对数正态分布,标准差对超越概率有一定影响。实用统计模型只能预测指定地震水平下的液化侧向变形值,而超越概率模型考虑了指定时间内所有可能地震的发生概率,可以同时预测变形值及发生概率,更加适合用于区域性的地震液化灾害评估。 相似文献
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道路行车荷载影响深度分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
提出了黏弹性边界单元有限元模型,用以研究行车荷载在道路中的有效传播深度。通过与Lamb问题的解析解及连盐高速公路实测结果对比分析,验证了数值模型用于研究车辆荷载在道路中引起的动响应具有很好的精度。应用该方法探讨了行车速度、道路各结构层的回弹模量对动响应沿道路深度变化的影响。研究表明,用附加动应力大小作为行车荷载有效传播深度的控制标准不足以反映车辆荷载对道路沉降的影响。尤其对建于软土地基上的道路,建议以竖向动应变作为界定车辆荷载影响深度的控制标准为宜。分析表明,软土地基中行车荷载引起的动响应的影响深度一般在6～10 m范围内,这对地基的设计处理和道路工后沉降的控制具有重要参考意义。 相似文献
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为满足新形势下雨洪管理实践的需求, 揭示有效不透水下垫面对城市水文过程的影响, 需研发考虑有效不透水下垫面的城市雨洪模拟模型。将不透水下垫面分为道路和屋顶, 综合运用地理信息系统、城市雨洪模型等技术手段, 基于不同分类属性分步确定有效不透水面积; 考虑模型复杂性、建模数据可用性和模型预测能力, 确定模型结构。区分有效不透水下垫面和非有效不透水下垫面产汇流过程, 将具有高度异质性的城市下垫面离散成具有均匀或准均匀特性的子汇水区, 考虑不同下垫面各子汇水区内部及子汇水区之间汇流路径, 采用不同的产汇流计算方法, 构建了精细模拟模型, 可为城市洪涝防治及海绵城市建设提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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随着城市道路的迅速发展,对于路面平整度要求越来越高,路面平整度的合格率既反映了行车舒适程度,又反映了设计与施工的技术水平。笔者结合自身担当项目负责人负责及参与的“海口市龙昆南路延长段道路工程”、“海口市金鼎路新建市政工程”等城市主(次)干路多年的沥青路面设计及施工现场配合服务的经历,在本文就影响城市道路沥青路面平整度的因素进行分析,并提出了一些相应的质量控制措施,可供大家交流。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献