区域生态地球化学评价核心与对策   总被引：30，自引：1，他引：30       下载免费PDF全文

杨忠芳  奚小环  成杭新  周国华  陈德友  张建新  袁晓军  冯海艳  陈家玮  刘爱华  汤奇峰  余涛 《第四纪研究》2005,25(3):275-284

生态地球化学是地学与土壤学、农业、环境学和生态学等多学科交叉融合产生的新学科,是地球化学领域新的发展方向。区域生态地球化学评价是在区域地球化学调查基础上,针对影响流域/区带生态系统安全性的元素异常而开展的一项评价和研究工作。多目标区域地球化学调查获得的海量高精度地球化学数据,可为环境质量评价提供背景值、为土地的质量和生态管护提供地球化学依据;调查还发现了一系列影响流域生态安全性的元素异常,针对异常元素分布特征,区域生态地球化学评价将开展异常元素追踪和成因甄别、生态效应评价和生态系统安全性的预警预测等项评价和研究工作。文章论述了区域地球化学调查成果,介绍了区域地球化学评价的思路,阐述了区域生态地球化学评价的主要问题与对策。  相似文献   

The fault-controlled skarn W–Mo polymetallic mineralization during the main India–Eurasia collision: Example from Hahaigang deposit of Gangdese metallogenic belt of Tibet     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2014

The Hahaigang W–Mo polymetallic skarn deposit is located in the central-eastern part of Gangdese tectono-magmatic belt in Lhasa terrane, Tibet. The deposit was discovered in 2007 with currently proven 46 million tons of WO₃ ores, 12 million tons of Mo ores, and 1.31 million tons of combined Cu–Pb–Zn ores, at an average grade of 0.20% WO₃, 0.07% Mo, 0.026% Cu, 0.49% Pb, and 3.1% Zn. Ore bodies occur in veins or disseminations, and are confined within the NE-striking Dalong fault zone which is hosted by the Lower-Permian Pangna Group of dominantly quartz sandstone and slate. Several granitic plutons are exposed in the area or known from drill-holes. Ages of these granitic plutons are determined by using zircon U–Pb LA–ICP–MS method. For example, the biotite monzogranite yields a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U–²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁸U concordia age of 58.66 ± 0.90 Ma and a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 57.02 ± 0.42 Ma. The granite porphyry yields a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U–²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁸U concordia age of 109.1 ± 8.9 Ma and a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 114.0 ± 2.6 Ma. The biotite monzogranite yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 56.1 ± 1.1 Ma. Re–Os isochron age of 63.2 ± 3.2 Ma from 5 molybdenite samples collected from the W–Mo skarn ores is also obtained in this study. The zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronological data suggest that the W–Mo mineralization was not temporally associated with any of the dated igneous plutons. However, the molybdenite Re–Os age of 63.2 ± 3.2 Ma indicates that the W–Mo mineralization might have occurred during the main India–Eurasia collision that was initiated around 65 Ma. Microprobe analysis of ilvaite that occurs in two generations in the W–Mo skarn ores reveals a close relationship to Ca–Fe–F-rich hydrothermal fluids, which were probably derived from deeply-seated magmas. We suggest that ascent of the fluids was strictly controlled by the ore-controlling Dalong fault zone, and that chemical interaction and metasomatism between the fluids and the Lower-Permian Pangna quartz-feldspathic host rocks produced the ilvaite and the W–Mo polymetallic skarn deposit during the main India–Eurasia collision. Although the majority of the polymetallic deposits in the Gangdese belt are reported to be either pre- or post-main collision, it is evident from this study that the main collision also produced W–Mo polymetallic mineralization within the belt.  相似文献   

Late Cretaceous magmatism and related metallogeny in the Tengchong area: Evidence from geochronological,isotopic and geochemical data from the Xiaolonghe Sn deposit,western Yunnan,China     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2016

Xiaolonghe is a poorly studied greisen-type tin deposit that is hosted by biotite granite in the western Yunnan tin belt. The mineralisation-related metaluminous and weak peraluminous granite is characterised by high Si, Al and K and low Mg, Fe and Ca, with an average A/CNK of 1.02. The granite is enriched in LILEs (K and Rb), LREEs and HFSEs (Zr, Hf, Th, U and Ce) and depleted in Ba, Nb, Sr, P, and Ti, with zircon εHf(t) = − 10.8 to − 7.5 (T_DM2 = 1.61–1.82 Ga). These characteristics indicate that the magma was generated by the partial melting of a thickened ancient crust. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of igneous zircon and hydrothermal cassiterite yield ages of 71.4 ± 0.4 Ma and 71.6 ± 4.8 Ma, respectively. The igneous biotite and hydrothermal muscovite samples show Ar–Ar plateau ages of 72.3 ± 0.4 Ma and 70.6 ± 0.2 Ma, respectively. The close temporal relationship between the igneous emplacement and hydrothermal activity suggests that the tin mineralisation was closely linked to the igneous emplacement. The δ¹⁸O and δD values for the deposit range from + 3.11‰ to − 4.5‰ and from − 127.3‰ to − 94.7‰, respectively. The hydrothermal calcite C and O isotopic data show a wide range of δ¹³C_PDB values from − 5.7‰ to − 4.4‰, and the δ¹⁸O_SMOW values range from + 1.4‰ to + 11.2‰. The δ³⁴S_V-CDT data range from + 4.8‰ to + 8.9‰ for pyrite, and the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios range from 18.708 to 18.760, from 15.728 to 15.754 and from 39.237 to 39.341, respectively. The stable isotopic (C–H–O–S–Pb) compositions are all similar to those of magmatic and mantle-derived fluids, which indicate that the ore-forming fluids and materials were mainly derived from magmatic sources that were accompanied by meteoric water. The tin mineralisation in the Xiaolonghe district was closely associated with the Late Cretaceous crustal-melting S-type granites that formed during the subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic lithosphere. Combined with the tin deposits in the Southeast Asian tin belt, Tengchong block and Central Lhasa, we interpreted that a giant intermittent tin mineralisation belt should be present along the Asian Neo-Tethys margin.  相似文献   

青藏高原片麻岩穹窿与找矿前景   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

许志琴  付小方  马绪宣  戚学祥  吴婵  侯立伟  赵中宝 《地质学报》2016,90(11):2971-2981

片麻岩穹窿是研究俯冲-折返和碰撞-折返造山过程的重要窗口。已查明的大量青藏高原片麻岩穹窿(群)分布在古特提斯和新特提斯大洋俯冲-折返以及地体碰撞-折返过程中。松潘-甘孜造山带中雅江甲基卡片(麻)岩穹窿的三叠纪变质片岩的含矿伟晶岩脉中发现了超大型锂矿床,揭示片(麻)岩穹窿构造与同构造花岗岩、含矿伟晶岩脉以及大型印支滑脱带在时空和成因上有天然联系,为片麻岩穹窿的找矿前景提供了范例。  相似文献   

基于GF 1光谱数据的青藏地区冰川资源现状遥感调查     

安国英  韩磊  黄树春  谷延群  支瑞荣  郭兆成  童立强 《现代地质》2018,32(3):584

以2014—2015年的GF 1为主、少量OLI影像为基础,参考第二次中国冰川目录等文献资料,修编完成青海省和西藏自治区两省区的现代冰川编目,查明青藏两省区目前共有冰川24 796条,总面积约2624×104 km2,约占青藏两省区区域面积的137%,冰川储量为2027×103~2121×103 km3。调查区冰川数量以面积<10 km2、冰川面积介于10~100 km2之间的冰川为主,其中面积<10 km2的冰川有19 983条,占总数量的8059%,面积介于10~100 km2之间的冰川面积为11 96240 km2,占总面积的4559%;面积最大的中锋冰川的面积达23737 km2。调查区内的山系(高原)均有冰川分布,念青唐古拉山冰川数量最多,其次是喜马拉雅山和冈底斯山,这3座山系冰川数量占调查区内冰川总数量的6333%;念青唐古拉山、喜马拉雅山和昆仑山的冰川面积和冰储量位列前3位,其冰川面积和冰储量分别占总数的6809%和7344%;然而昆仑山和羌塘高原的单条冰川的平均面积大于念青唐古拉山和喜马拉雅山的平均面积。从冰川海拔分布来看,海拔5 000~6 500 m之间是冰川集中发育区域,约占调查区冰川数量和冰川总面积的85%以上。调查区的冰川在各流域的分布差异显著,恒河流域是冰川分布数量最多、面积最大的一级外流区,其数量占冰川总量的47%以上,面积占总面积的52%以上;青藏高原内陆流域的冰川数量、面积次之,其冰川数量占总数量的21%,面积占总面积的24%以上,并且内流区单条冰川的平均面积略大于外流区的平均面积。总体上,西藏的冰川数量、面积和冰储量分别占西藏和青海两省区的8492%、8492%、8668%,单条冰川的平均面积两省区相近。  相似文献   

西藏乌鲁穷含铜磁铁矿床的发现及地质特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

杨绍  李德威  陈桂凡  李华亮  张硕  周涛 《中国地质》2018,45(6):1214-1227

继尼雄、弗野、材玛等铁矿床的发现之后,新一轮1：5万区域地质调查又在班公湖-怒江成矿带西段乌鲁穷地区发现了较大规模的含铜磁铁矿矿床。野外路线调查、剖面实测和大比例尺填图表明,乌鲁穷磁铁矿形成于南羌塘南缘中-晚侏罗世中酸性岩体与上三叠统日干配错群二组（T₃R²）碳酸盐岩外接触带中,矿体受后期近南北向高角度正断层改造,成矿作用表现出多期次、多阶段特征。通过对矿体邻近的石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩和控矿断层中同构造碳酸盐脉进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年,获得石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩成岩年龄分别为：（161.3±0.72）Ma、（157.5±1.7）Ma,并获得同构造碳酸盐脉热液锆石年龄为（84.2±1.1）Ma。结合前人研究和1：5万地质调查成果,认为乌鲁穷含铜磁铁矿在中-晚侏罗世（157.5~161.3 Ma）班公湖-怒江洋北向俯冲过程中初步富集成矿,形成矽卡岩型含铜磁铁矿矿床,矿体在晚白垩世（84.2 Ma）陆内伸展过程中再次富集;提出班公湖地区在晚白垩世中期存在一期横跨缝合带的陆内伸展成矿事件,成矿作用与班公湖-怒江洋闭合后地幔软流圈底辟及其相关的地壳线性热隆伸展是一个机理关联的系统。  相似文献   

滇西北石鼓杂岩中花岗质片麻岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义     

罗改  张彤  贾小川  杨学俊  肖典  谭晓莲 《地质学报》2021,95(11):3335-3351

青藏高原东南缘滇西北前寒武纪石鼓变质杂岩中新识别出一套花岗质片麻岩.采用LA-ICP-MS方法进行锆石U-Pb年代学分析,获得206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄分别为790±11 Ma(MSWD=2.1,n=10)和814±15 Ma(MSWD=5.7,n=9),显示其形成于新元古代早期.地球化学特征显示,岩石具有高硅(SiO2=66.05％～77.16％)、高 K2O/Na2O(0.90～9.26,均值2.57)特征,MgO=0.35％～3.60％,TFeO=1.02％～4.86％,P2O5=0.03％～0.17％.铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.08～2.51,矿物组合中出现石榴子石和白云母等富铝矿物,CIPW标准矿物中刚玉分子平均含量为4.72％,显示为强过铝质花岗岩.球粒陨石标准化稀土配分显示轻稀土元素富集,(La/Yb)N=1.79～12.34,具明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.21～0.67).原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示,岩石富集Rb、U,明显亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P、Ti元素.综合分析认为,花岗质片麻岩原岩主要为低成熟度、黏土贫乏的砂质岩在高温条件下部分熔融的产物,形成于后碰撞构造环境,是Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件在滇西北石鼓地区的响应.  相似文献   

四川省大地构造单元划分及其基本特征          下载免费PDF全文

罗改  王全伟  秦宇龙  曾宜君  李云泉  杨学俊  李有波 《沉积与特提斯地质》2021,41(4):633-647

四川省大地构造演化研究已有百余年的历史,不同时期、不同学派在不同的尺度上提出了不同的大地构造单元划分方案,其中仍存在诸多争议。本文结合近30年来四川省特别是造山带地区开展的蛇绿岩和洋板块地层等调查和研究成果,以李廷栋所提出的洋板块地质学理念为指导思想,以区域主构造事件形成的优势大地构造相的时空结构组合和存在状态为基本原则,划分出秦-祁-昆造山系、勉县-略阳对接带、北羌塘-三江造山系以及扬子克拉通4个一级构造单元,包括11个二级构造单元和24个三级构造单元。  相似文献   

川西甘孜地区活动断裂与地质灾害分布相关性探讨     

秦宇龙  吴建亮  詹涵钰  熊昌利  贾春  白宪洲  李名则  武文辉  徐云峰 《地质力学学报》2021,27(3):463-474

活动断裂带的地质灾害效应是工程地质与地质灾害领域研究的重要内容。川西甘孜地区位于青藏高原东南缘,区内新构造运动强烈,地质灾害频繁发生,对人类生命财产安全造成威胁,对社会生活和经济建设起到了破坏作用。文章从活动断裂与地质灾害点空间分布之间关系进行分析研究,总结出两者在空间分布的规律。认为活动断裂是川西甘孜地区地质灾害孕育的内动力条件之一;在空间位置上关系密不可分,在主要活动断裂0~1 km范围内0.095处/km2、1~2 km范围内0.050/km2、2~5 km范围内0.029处/km2频发。在活动断裂沿线开展针对地质灾害的监测和防范工作亟待落实,可为减轻或避免地质灾害提供依据和建议。   相似文献   

青海省河南县三叠系伊利石结晶度与极低级变质作用     

王燚  杨学俊  白宪洲  叶春林  贾小川  熊昌利  黄柏鑫  罗改 《中国地质调查》2020,7(3):67-74

在开展“青海省河南县托叶玛地区I47E007023、I47E008023、I47E009023、1I47E009024四幅1:5万区域地质矿产调查”时,为验证该地区三叠系变质情况,针对三叠系中泥岩(页岩)的伊利石结晶度做了分析测试。30件样品的实验结果表明: 北部宗务隆—泽库地层分区三叠系泥岩(页岩)伊利石Kübler结晶度指数为0.312~0.537,晶胞参数b₀为0.898 0~0.903 2 nm,判断其变质温度小于350 ℃,具葡萄石-绿纤石和沸石相; 南部西倾山地层分区三叠系泥岩(页岩)的伊利石Kübler结晶度指数为0.21~0.318,b₀为0.898 1~0.901 4 nm,变质温度主要分布在200~350 ℃,局部>350 ℃,具葡萄石-绿纤石和绿片岩相。研究认为青海省河南县地区区域变质程度较低,为极低级变质作用或者未发生区域变质作用,且南部西倾山地层分区的变质程度略高于北部宗务隆—泽库地层分区变质程度。这一变质相带研究结论与前人认为的“区域低温动力变质作用及低绿片岩相变质带”不一致,变质程度相对更低。该研究证实了在青海省河南县地区三叠系地层中不存在大面积区域变质作用,仅存在极低级区域变质作用。  相似文献