重庆南川-武隆铝土矿矿物学、地球化学特征          下载免费PDF全文

李再会  闫武  廖朝贵  吕涛  杨波  李军敏  陈莉  陈阳 《沉积与特提斯地质》2012,(3):87-100

重庆南川-武隆铝土矿属于渝南-黔北铝土矿成矿带,为喀斯特型铝土矿床。经显微镜、X射线粉晶衍射、矿物自动分析仪（MLA）、扫面电子显微镜等方法对该矿床矿物学的研究,发现组成铝土矿的主要矿物为一水硬铝石、高岭石、绿泥石,次要矿物为伊利石、一水软铝石、三水铝石、鲕绿泥石、菱铁矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、黄铁矿、锐钛矿、金红石、磷灰石、石英、锆石、方解石、长石及稀土矿物等。矿石组构及矿物组合表明形成铝土矿的沉积/成岩环境为接近于潜流的环境。矿石结构和锆石形态指示成矿物质经过了短距离的搬运。地球化学研究结果显示,组成铝土矿的主要化学成分为Al2O3、TFeO、SiO2和TiO2,铝土矿化过程中REE、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th、Sc、Li和Ga发生富集。形成铝土矿的母岩物质主要来自下伏页岩的风化作用,灰岩和酸性火山岩对铝土矿的形成也有一定的贡献。结合稳定同位素资料,认为铝土矿的形成可能与生物作用有关。  相似文献   

川东北地区须家河组致密砂岩气藏异常高压成因     

李军  邹华耀  张国常  李平平  冯冲  张彦振  陈加松 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(3):624-633

对川东北地区各种超压潜在成因的系统分析结果表明,欠压实作用不是异常高压成因,现今异常高压主要由天然气的充注增压(充气作用)和中燕山—喜山期的强烈构造挤压形成。利用SRK实际气体状态方程对元坝、通南巴气田充气增压贡献进行了计算:元坝气田天然气的充注增压平均为25.21MPa,平均增压幅度60.86%;通南巴气田天然气的充注增压平均为45.81 MPa,平均增压幅度72.04%。其余主要为构造挤压增压,增压幅度在元坝、通南巴气田分别为39.14%和27.96%。中燕山—喜山期构造挤压活动强度的差异控制了应力释放区的分布和储层抬升降温降压的幅度,从而控制了现今压力场平面分布特征。通南巴地区由于晚期强烈的构造挤压活动,使其现今正处于应力充分释放的泄压区,充气增压、构造挤压之后降压过程的发生是其现今超压强度较低的主要原因。  相似文献   

合川地区须二段砂岩储层成岩作用及其对储层的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜红权  朱如凯  何幼斌  盘昌林  刘柳红  白斌 《岩石矿物学杂志》2012,31(3):403-411

依据普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射等实验分析手段,对合川地区须家河组二段砂岩储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用及孔隙演化进行了研究。结果表明,该区须二段砂岩储层主要由长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩组成。主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和交代作用,成岩演化阶段已达到中成岩B期。早成岩A期—B期,压实作用强烈,原生孔隙迅速减少;中成岩A期,压实作用及硅质胶结作用是原生孔隙继续降低,有机质热演化过程中产生的有机酸及无机酸,使长石及富长石的岩屑颗粒发生强烈溶蚀,形成大量次生孔隙;中成岩B期,含铁方解石及铁白云石交代充填,使储层致密。压实作用及胶结作用是原生孔隙遭受破坏的主要成岩作用类型,而溶蚀作用是形成次生孔隙的主要成岩作用类型。受成岩作用及成岩演化阶段的控制,研究区须二段储集空间类型多样,粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔及残余粒间孔发育,特别是长石及富长石岩屑颗粒的溶蚀,使须二段储层出现孔隙度、渗透率异常发育带。  相似文献   

MVO曲线方法在海洋可控源电磁数值模拟中的应用研究     

焦健  刘方镝  庞溯  罗毅翔 《物探化探计算技术》2012,34(2):162-166,7

采用有限差分方法,对水平电偶极子源在海洋二维介质情况下电磁响应进行数值模拟。利用油气高阻异常体模型的数值模拟结果,研究MVO(Magnitude Versus Offset)曲线解释方法的有效性,进而分析高阻油气异常体的水平位置的变化,对电场和磁场幅值的MVO曲线产生的影响,得出了通过MVO曲线定性分析高阻油气异常体相对水平位置的方法。本研究可为海洋可控源电磁法数据的定性分析提供部份理论依据。  相似文献   

页岩裂缝发育主控因素及其对含气性的影响   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

丁文龙  李超  李春燕  许长春  久凯  曾维特 《地学前缘》2012,19(2):212-220

依据国内外页岩气大量资料和测试数据,对影响页岩裂缝发育的岩性和矿物组成、有机碳含量、岩石力学性质、异常高压等非构造因素和构造因素进行了定性或半定量分析,初步探讨了页岩裂缝发育与含气量之间关系。结果表明:页岩中石英、长石和碳酸盐岩含量高,岩石的泊松比低、杨氏模量高,脆性大,容易在外力作用下形成天然裂缝和诱导裂缝,其发育程度一般与页岩中脆性矿物的含量呈正相关关系。高有机碳含量或异常高压页岩裂缝发育。裂缝发育程度与有机碳含量关系可以划分为4类。页岩裂缝发育程度与总含气量和游离气量呈正相关关系,页岩裂缝越发育,其含气量越大,产气量也越高。裂缝对页岩气藏的形成具有双重作用,一是裂缝可以作为天然气和地层水的有效储集空间和快速运移通道,有利于页岩层系中游离态天然气体积的增加和吸附态天然气的解吸,裂缝密度越大,走向越分散,产气量越高;二是裂缝规模过大,可能导致天然气散失。北美地区页岩裂缝发育带内的页岩气勘探成功率高,产气量高,中国四川盆地下古生界海相富有机质脆性页岩层中天然气有良好显示或高产气井均与裂缝发育密切相关。  相似文献   

Landslide displacement prediction based on combining method with optimal weight   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xiuzhen Li  Jiming Kong  Zhenyu Wang 《Natural Hazards》2012,61(2):635-646

Predicting the deformation and evolution tendency of landslides is essential to landslide disaster prevention and mitigation. At present, most of the proposed models for landslide displacement prediction belong to single models. It is difficult to accurately describe the deformation and evolution law only by a single model for the complexity of landslides and limitation of the models. In this paper, we presented an application of linear combination model with optimal weight in landslide displacement prediction. We took Huanlongxicun and Saleshan landslides in Gansu province of China as examples, firstly to build GM(1,1) and Verhulst models for displacement prediction of the two landslides; then build two linear combination models of the two landslides, on the basis of the combining theory with optimal weight and the prediction results of the GM(1,1) and Verhulst models. The results show that the prediction accuracies of the combining models are much higher than those of the single models for both Huanglongxicun landslide and Saleshan landslide. Therefore, the combining model with optimal weight is an effective and feasible method to further improve accuracy for landslide displacement prediction.  相似文献   

Formation and characteristics of post-earthquake debris flow: a case study from Wenjia gully in Mianzhu, Sichuan, SW China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

H. Y. Ni  W. M. Zheng  Y. B. Tie  P. C. Su  Y. Q. Tang  R. G. Xu  D. W. Wang  X. Y. Chen 《Natural Hazards》2012,61(2):317-335

During the three flood seasons following the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, two catastrophic groups of debris flow events occurred in the earthquake-affected area: the 2008-9-24 debris flow events, which had a serious impact on rebuilding; and the 2010-8-13/14 debris flow events, which destroyed much of the progress made in rebuilding. The Wenjia gully is a typical post-earthquake debris flow gully and at least five debris flows have occurred there. As far as the 2010-8-13 debris flow is concerned, the deposits of the Wenjia gully debris flow reached a volume of 3.1 × 10⁶ m³ in volume and hundreds of newly built houses were buried. This study took the Wenjia gully debris flow as an example and discussed the formation and characteristics of post-earthquake debris flow on the basis of field investigations and a remote sensing interpretation. The conclusions drawn from the investigation and analysis were as follows: (1) Post-earthquake debris flows were a joint result of both the earthquake and heavy rainfall. (2) Gully incision and loose material provision are key processes in the initiation and occurrence of debris flows and a cycle can be presented as the following process: runoff—erosion—collapse—engulfment—debris flow—further erosion—further collapse—further engulfment—debris flow enlargement. (3) The amount of rainfall that triggered debris flows from the Wenjia gully was significantly less than the average daily rainfall, while the intraday rainfall threshold decreased by at least 23.3%. (4) The occurrence mechanism of Wenjia gully debris flow was an erosion type and there was a positive relationship between debris flow magnitude and rainfall, which fitted an exponential model. (5) There were five representative characteristics of Wenjia gully debris flow: the long duration of the occurring process; the long distance of deposition chain conversion during the process of damage; magnification in the scale of debris flow; and the high frequency of debris flow events.  相似文献   

Experimental and numerical analysis on the responses of slope under rainfall   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

X. B. Lu  T. L. Ye  X. H. Zhang  P. Cui  K. H. Hu 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(1):887-902

Rainfall is an important factor to trigger the slope failure such as landslides and debris flows. First, the relationship between rainfall duration with the initiation of debris flow and rainfall intensity was mainly studied by the series tests in a box model. Then, the rainfall induced responses of slopes and the initiation of slope failure were simulated by using the software FLAC2D based on the soil parameters in Weijia Gully, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province. The effects of the slope angle, rainfall intensity, soil parameters on the development of the stress, and pore pressure in the soil of the slope were analyzed. It indicates that largest displacements in the slope are mainly located near the toe. With the increase of the rainfall intensity, the effective stress in the slope decreases and the displacement increases.  相似文献   

基于投影寻踪回归的指标规范值的水质评价模型     

李祚泳  张正健  余春雪 《水文》2012,32(3):6-12

传统的投影寻踪回归(PPR)的矩阵表示法用于水质评价,当指标较多时,不仅优化参数矩阵元的学习效率低,而且优化效果亦受到影响。若适当设置3类水体(地表水、地下水和富营养化水体)各指标的参照值及指标值的规范变换式,使不同指标的同级标准的规范值差异不大,从而可以认为用规范值表示的不同指标皆与某个规范指标"等效"。因此,只需构造并优化得出对各指标规范值都共同适用的2个指标变量的NV-PPR(2)和3个指标变量的NV-PPR(3)模型,对于指标变量较多的NV-PPR建模,只需将其分解为若干个NV-PPR(2)和(或)NV-PPR(3)的组合表示即可。对模型的实用性进行的效果检验表明:基于指标规范变换的3类水体的水质评价的投影寻踪回归模型具有形式简洁、计算简便和普适通用的特点。  相似文献   

Susceptibility and risk assessment of earthquake-induced landslides based on Landslide Response Units in the Subao River basin,China     

Jianqiang Zhang  Peng Cui  Yonggang Ge  Lingzhi Xiang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(4):1037-1047

Generally, pixels are the basic unit for assessment of landslide susceptibility. However, even if the results facilitate the comparison, a pixel-based analysis does not clearly illustrate the distribution relationships. To eliminate this deficiency, the concept of the Landslide Response Unit (LRU) is proposed in this study, for which adjacent pixels that have similar properties are combined as a basic unit for susceptibility assessment. The Subao River basin, seriously impacted by the Wenchuan Earthquake, was selected as the study area, and three factors including slope gradient, slope aspect, and slope shape, which have a significant impact on landslides, were chosen to divide the basin into 25,984 LRUs. Then topographic, geologic, and distance factors were applied for the landslide susceptibility evaluation. The logistic regression method was used to establish the susceptibility assessing model by analyzing 2,000 susceptible LRUs and 2,000 un-susceptible LRUs. The model accuracy was defined in terms of the ROC curve value and the κ value, 0.531 and 0.84, respectively. The susceptibility of landslides was divided into low, moderate, high, and very high in Subao River basin, and 73% of historical landslides and all four new landslides are in the highly susceptible zone and very highly susceptible zones. Finally, the LRUs with houses, farmlands, and roads prone to sliding and burial hazard were assessed separately. On the basis of considering the potential movement directions of the LRUs, the result found that 1,001 and 835 LRUs probably would be destroyed by slope sliding and landslide burial, respectively.  相似文献