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41.
Thermal stability of soil organic carbon subjected to water erosion as a function of edaphic factors
Zhongwu Li Linhui Xiao Chuxiong Deng Zaijian Yuan Chen Liang Qian Xiong Zeting Li Xiaodong Nie 《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(1):26-36
The stability of soil organic carbon （SOC）,as it relates to resistance to decomposition,is important for greenhouse gas emission and climate change.However,the SOC stabilization and its related influencing factors subjected to water erosion remain uncertain.The objective of the current study was to determine the SOC stability under long-term water erosion and to investigate the link between SOC stability and edaphic factors.Soil samples from eroded,depositional,and control sites in a closed wate... 相似文献
42.
Although many studies relevant to snow cover and permafrost have focused on alpine, arctic, and subarctic areas, there is still a lack of understanding of the influences of seasonal snow cover on the thermal regime of the soils in permafrost regions in the mid-latitudes and boreal regions, such as that on the western flank of the Da Xing'anling(Hinggan) Mountains, northeastern China. This paper gives a detailed analysis on meteorological data series from 2001 to 2010 provided by the Gen'he Weather Station, which is located in a talik of discontinuous permafrost zone and with sparse meadow on the observation field. It is inferred that snow cover is important for the ground thermal regime in the middle Da Xing'anling Mountains. Snow cover of 10-cm in thickness and five to six months in duration(generally November to next March) can reduce the heat loss from the ground to the atmosphere by 28%, and by 71% if the snow depth increases to 36 cm. Moreover, the occurrence of snow cover resulted in mean annual ground surface temperatures 4.7–8.2 °C higher than the mean annual air temperatures recorded at the Gen'he Weather Station. The beginning date for stable snow cover establishment(SE date) and the initial snow depth(SDi) also had a great influences on the ground freezing process. Heavy snowfall before ground surface freeze-up could postpone and retard the freezing process in Gen'he. As a result, the duration of ground freezing was shortened by at least 20 days and the maximum depth of frost penetration was as much as 90 cm shallower. 相似文献
43.
Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing were studied during the 2007 spring bloom in Central Yellow Sea. The surveyed stations were divided to pre-bloom phase (Chl a concentration less than 2 μg L−1), and bloom phase (Chl a concentration greater than 2 μg L−1). Shipboard dilution incubation experiments were carried out at 19 stations to determine the phytoplankton specific growth rates and the specific grazing rates of microzooplankton on phytoplankton. Diatoms dominated in the phytoplankton community in surface waters at most stations. For microzooplankton, Myrionecta rubra and tintinnids were dominant, and heterotrophic dinoflagellate was also important in the community. Phytoplankton-specific growth rates, with an average of 0.60±0.19 d−1, were higher at pre-bloom stations (average 0.62±0.17 d−1), and lower at the bloom stations (average 0.59±0.21 d−1), but the difference of growth rates between bloom and pre-bloom stations was not statistically significant (t test, p=0.77). The phytoplankton mortality rate by microzooplankton grazing averaged 0.41±0.23 d−1 at pre-bloom stations, and 0.58±0.31 d−1 during the blooms. In contrast to the growth rates, the statistic difference of grazing rates between bloom and pre-bloom stations was significant (after removal of outliers, t test, p=0.04), indicating the importance of the top-down control in the phytoplankton bloom processes. Average potential grazing efficiency on primary productivity was 66% at pre-bloom stations and 98% at bloom stations, respectively. Based on our results, the biomass maximum phase (bloom phase) was not the maximum growth rate phase. Both phytoplankton specific growth rate and net growth rate were higher in the pre-bloom phase than during the bloom phase. Microzooplankton grazing mortality rate was positively correlated with phytoplankton growth rate during both phases, but growth and grazing were highly coupled during the booming phase. There was no correlation between phytoplankton growth rate and cell size during the blooms, but they were positive correlated during the pre-bloom phase. Our results indicate that microzooplankton grazing is an important process controlling the growth of phytoplankton in spring bloom period in the Central Yellow Sea, particularly in the “blooming” phase. 相似文献
44.
台风“海马”对洞庭湖流域降水同位素的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于2011年第4号台风“海马”登陆前后洞庭湖流域内长沙降水同位素资料,分析了降水同位素的变化特征以及水汽输送对降水同位素的影响。结果表明：台风“海马”在洞庭湖流域内长沙所形成降水的大气水线的斜率和截距均小于长沙夏季大气水线,这与根据同位素分馏理论做出的推测相吻合。台风天气系统影响下的流域降水δ 18O值为研究时段内的最低值,即降水同位素被显著贫化,而降水过量氘（deuterium excess,记为d）波动明显要小于其他时段,后者反映了形成台风降水的水汽来源较为单一。研究时段内长沙降水d指示台风降水前、台风降水中两个阶段水汽来源于西太平洋,水汽输送轨迹也印证了降水d所指示的水汽来源情况,如流域台风降水的水汽主要来自前期台风输送至南海北部的西太平洋水汽。台风降水后这一阶段降水中d指示海洋水汽来源的效果降低,其原因在于海洋水汽输送减少、陆地蒸发旺盛以及下落雨滴蒸发强烈所致。 相似文献
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46.
四川省汶川地震极重灾区次生山地灾害分布规律与发育趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对汶川地震极重灾区次生山地灾害的实地考察、遥感调查和综合分析,阐述了次生山地灾害类型与特征,分析了次生山地灾害的时空分布规律,并结合灾害活动特性,探讨了次生山地灾害的发育趋势,提出了灾区防灾减灾和恢复重建的对策与建议。研究结果表明:(1)汶川地震在极重灾区诱发次生山地灾害逾万处,其分布具有点多面广、类型多样、成灾迅速、危害严重、监测预报困难等特点;(2)次生山地灾害的分布受地震烈度、地质构造、地形地貌、地层岩性的制约,并具有明显的滞后性和延续性;(3)利用GIS和遥感技术,能够快速有效地进行地震次生山地灾害的动态监测与灾情评估,从而为防灾减灾管理和灾后重建工作提供科学依据和借鉴参考。 相似文献
47.
Various algorithms have recently been developed in order to retrieve the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at continental scales. However, they are, to some extent, subject to large uncertainties resulting from some necessary physical assumptions on land surface anisotropy and level of brightness. In fact, disentangling aerosol and surface signals contained in the top of atmosphere (TOA) radiance received at the satellite level are a matter of difficulty because a single sensor itself cannot gather all required spatial, temporal, spectral and angular information. In particular, each instrument yields limited scanning configuration due to its platform's orbital characteristics. In this regard, a synergetic approach is presented which merges Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) TOA radiances and the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)/Albedo Model Parameters Product for the retrieval of AOT at 0.55, 0.66, and 0.87 µm wavelengths over non-Lambertian land surface at a 5 km spatial resolution. In this approach, BRDF products serve to assess the surface reflectance in the AATSR geometry as a boundary layer. The peculiarity of the approach is that no specific assumption is required about the spectral characteristics of land surface, thus allowing for a quantitative retrieval of aerosol particles over any arbitrary land unit in virtue of combining forward and nadir AATSR observations. We obtain on average differences within 0.1τ compared to in situ AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) measurements and 36 retrievals corresponding to 27 January, 12 February, 16 March, 28 May, 26 June, and 21 July 2006, respectively, over the city of Beijing in China. Pearson's correlation coefficient is 0.94 and 0.96 for nadir and forward AATSR, respectively. These suggest that AOT retrieval over land is indeed feasible by taking benefit of the validated MODIS BRDF. Besides, the first results indicate that the AATSR retrievals might be used to evaluate the spectral behaviour of the AOT. 相似文献
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