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91.
《Applied Geochemistry》2002,17(11):1467-1494
Samples from the Ocean Drilling Program Leg 169 in Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, NE Pacific Ocean, were analyzed to study maturation by accelerated diagenesis and/or by catagenesis of the sedimentary organic matter to hydrothermal petroleum. At Site 1038 the hydrothermal petroleums have migrated after generation to shallower horizons. The n-alkane maturation was indicated by the strong even C number preference (i.e., CPI <1.0) as in the case of Middle Valley. All samples contained admixed organic matter of terrigenous and marine components as indicated by the distributions of the biomarkers. The biological precursors were catagenetically altered to their equivalent mature compounds. The presence of high molecular weight PAHs in some sediment sections at Site 1038 reflected the high temperature alteration and reworking of organic matter into mature hydrothermal petroleum. At Site 1037, the reference hole in the Escanaba Trough, the n-alkanes with a strong predominance of odd C number homologs reflected immature non-marine lipid components essentially throughout the hole. Maturation of organic matter was only observed below 450 mbsf with n-alkanes showing a CPI <1.0. The strong even C number predominance in those intervals was attributed to initial maturation by high heat flow during the early rifting process. 相似文献
92.
多孔介质中酚醛树脂冻胶动态成胶规律 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为认识酚醛树脂冻胶在多孔介质中动态成胶行为,通过测定黏度和注入压力随成胶时间的变化,研究酚醛树脂冻胶在安瓿瓶和多孔介质中的静态成胶及多孔介质中动态成胶过程;考察聚合物和交联剂质量分数对成胶时间和冻胶强度的影响.结果表明:静态条件下,酚醛树脂冻胶在多孔介质中的初始和最终成胶时间分别为安瓿瓶内成胶的1～1.5倍和1.5～2倍;多孔介质中,动态初始和最终成胶时间分别为静态条件下的2倍和2～3倍;随聚合物和交联剂质量分数增大,成胶时间缩短,冻胶强度增大,但在成胶过程中冻胶向深部运移的能力降低.后续水驱结果表明:动态成胶过程中,冻胶封堵位置主要集中在岩心入口端,封堵率达99.8%以上;只有当酚醛树脂冻胶可以在多孔介质中产生明显的运移时,冻胶体系才具有深部调剖的能力;当多孔介质的渗透率为8μm2左右,HPAM质量分数小于0.2%,酚醛树脂预聚体质量分数小于0.6%时,冻胶可以进行深部调剖.多孔介质中静态成胶形成的为整体冻胶,而动态成胶形成的为分散的冻胶颗粒. 相似文献
93.
为了改善海上油田深部调驱效果,研制一种易于配制、施工简便的由聚合物FP、交联剂和助剂组成的冻胶体系.基于合适的成冻时间和成冻强度,优选适合该油藏条件的冻胶调驱体系配方,即聚合物FP(1 500～2 000mg.L-1)+交联剂(750～1 250mg.L-1)+助剂(1 000～1 500mg.L-1).利用三层非均质岩心进行调驱体系用量和调驱时机对调驱效果影响的评价,优化调驱体系的注入用量和注入时机参数.结果表明:当水驱至目标油藏含水率70%时,随着注入调驱体系用量的增加,采收率增加值越高;基于采出程度和经济效益双重考虑,优选调驱体系的用量为0.2PV;当注入用量为0.2PV调驱体系,油藏综合含水率低于50%条件下,早期注入调驱体系进行深部调驱,采收率增加值高,能够达到很好的调驱效果. 相似文献
94.
过对NOAA卫星热红外亮温与野外安装气象观测站接收的气温、地下不同深度地温(0.2, 0.5, 1.5,2 m)进行不同方式的对比研究,分析了卫星热红外亮温、气温、地下不同深度地温的变化特征,探讨了亮温与气温及不同深度地温之间的关系．结果表明:① 卫星热红外亮温观测,由于受天气、云层短周期因素变化影响,曲线呈现高频突跳特征,但按最大值拟合出的亮温曲线有较好的年变变化规律;② 浅层地温受气温及太阳辐射的影响较大,能够体现出日变化,表现出很好的季节变化规律;③ 深层地温年变平稳, 年变变化与季节相关．但与气温相比,表现出滞后效应,且深度越深,滞后时间越长;④ 亮温、气温及深度0.2 m地温三者之间呈现很好的相关性．亮温、气温、0.2 m地温的极值几乎同时段出现,都符合季节变化．分析表明,亮温能够真实地反映地表温度的变化情况,能够为利用卫星热红外亮温提取地震异常信息提供可靠准确证据．本研究结果为理解不同观测属性及其相互关系,以及更好地为地震监测应用提供了基础． 相似文献
95.
下扬子地区中新生代构造变形单元及构造变形样式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
下扬子地区地处扬子板块东部,其构造变形特征研究具有重要意义。综合利用区域地质、地震、钻井和地球物理等多方面资料,对下扬子地区断裂、地层发育特征精细解释,建立了贯穿研究区的两条区域地质剖面,即宿迁绍兴大剖面和连云港苏州大剖面。研究表明:下扬子地区可划分为6个一级构造变形单元,依次为苏北胶南造山带、苏北冲断区、南北对冲带、苏南冲断区、浙北冲断区和江南造山带,并可进一步细分为14个二级构造变形单元,这些明确表现出本区中、新生代对冲构造变形特征;两条区域大剖面表现出了挤压、伸展、反转等3类典型构造变形样式,具体可分为5亚类、10小类。 相似文献
96.
Gas production from shale resource plays has transformed the USA energy market. Despite the knowledge gained from the analysis of large amounts of shale core, appraisal of shale gas resource plays requires a large number of wells to be drilled and tested. Ideally, core analysis results would provide an indication of both the gas filled porosity and permeability of shale resource plays, which could then be used to reduce the number of wells needed during appraisal. A combination of laboratory experiments, numerical modelling and a round-robin test have been conducted to assess the validity of the crushed shale method (CSM), which has been widely used in industry to assess the porosity and permeability of shale. The results suggest that the CSM can provide reasonably precise estimates of porosity measured at ambient stress if a standard sample cleaning method is adopted; although a reliable method to correct these values to subsurface conditions needs to be developed. The CSM does not, however, appear to provide useful information on shale permeability. A round-robin test shows that differences of up to four orders of magnitude in permeability were provided by different laboratories when analysing the same sample. These huge differences seem to occur due to a combination of errors in calculating permeabilities from pressure transients, differences in the way that permeability is calculated as well as uncertainties regarding the effective size of crushed shale particles. However, even if standardized, the CSM may not be particularly useful for characterizing the flow capacity of shale because it is insensitive to the presence of high permeability zones that would control flow in the subsurface. 相似文献
97.
The NW-SE striking Otway Basin in southeastern Australia is part of the continental rift system that formed during the separation of Australia from Antarctica. The development of this sedimentary basin occurred in two phases of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous rifting. The evolution of this basin is mainly associated with extensional processes that took place in a pre-existing basement of Archean, Proterozoic to Paleozoic age. In this study, the total amounts of extension and stretching factor (β factor) have been measured for six transects across the entire passive margin of the Otway Basin region. The results show significant variation in extensional stretching along the basin, with the smallest stretching factors in the easternmost (β = 1.73, 1.9) and westernmost part of the basin (β = 2.09), and the largest stretching factors in the central part (β = 2.14 to 2.44). The domain with the lowest β factor is underlain mostly by thicker lithosphere of the Delamerian Orogen and older crustal fragments of the Selwyn Block. In contrast, the region with the largest β factor and amount of extension is related to younger and thinner lithosphere of the Lachlan Orogen. The main basement structures have been mapped throughout eastern South Australia and Victoria to examine the possible relationships between the younger pattern of extensional faults and the older basement fabrics. The pattern of normal faults varies considerably along onshore and offshore components of the Otway Basin from west to east. It appears that the orientation of pre-existing structures in the basement has some control on the geometry of the younger normal faults across the Otway Basin, but only in a limited number of places. In most areas the basement fabric has no control on the younger faulting pattern. Basement structure such as the north-south Coorong Shear Zone seems to affect the geometry of normal faults by changing their strike from E-W to NW-SE and also, in the easternmost part of the basin, the Bambra Fault changes the strike of normal faults from NW-SE to the NE-SW. Our results imply that the properties of the continental lithosphere exert a major influence on the β factor and amount of crustal extension but only a minor influence on the geometry of extensional faults. 相似文献
98.
川东北巴中—通南巴地区须家河组致密砂岩储层裂缝发育特征及控制因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以岩芯及野外观察、分析测试、测井等资料为基础,分析了川东北巴中—通南巴地区致密砂岩储层裂缝的类型及成因,结合裂缝充填矿物包裹体分析,厘定裂缝形成期次。在此基础上,探讨了岩性组合、岩层厚度、断层、褶皱变形强度对裂缝发育的控制作用。研究表明:研究区须家河组裂缝具有多成因、多期次、差异分布的特点。主要发育构造裂缝,且主要分布于致密砂岩储层中,可划分为3期:燕山中期(中侏罗世)的NNW和NWW向共轭构造缝,被细粒方解石充填;燕山晚期(白垩纪)的NE向断层、褶皱伴生高角度缝,被粗粒方解石或石英充填;喜马拉雅期(古近纪)的NW和近SN向断层伴生缝,被粗粒方解石半充填或未充填。成岩裂缝和超压裂缝的成因与黏土矿物失水收缩及烃源岩大量生烃引起的流体增压有关,主要形成时间为晚侏罗世—早白垩世。裂缝发育的差异性主要受控于岩性组合、地层厚度、断层及褶皱变形强度,单层厚度小、距断层距离近、褶皱变形强度大的中、细砂岩储层,裂缝最为发育。 相似文献
99.
舰船目标检测是进行海洋环境监管,保障海上权益的重要手段。基于深度学习的目标检测算法能在复杂环境下保持良好性能,为测试不同深度学习目标检测算法在舰船检测中的效果,本文构建了一个包含3893张图像的数据集,涵盖了复杂背景下不同类型的舰船,基于此数据集分别采用Faster RCNN、SSD、RetinaNet、YOLOv3、YOLOv4算法进行实验,结果表明,YOLOv4 、YOLOv3、RetinaNet、Faster RCNN平均精度均在83%以上,其中YOLOv4最高达到91.77%,Faster RCNN误检较多,而SSD平均精度最低,只有79.23%,总的舰船检测数目偏少。将5种模型训练结果在高分二号影像上进行测试,得到较好的检测效果,对舰船检测未来理论研究的开展具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
100.
常见弹性波动理论的建立是基于介质均匀这一基本假设,实际介质的非均匀性非常普遍.为研究连续介质中波的传播特征,本文从弹性力学中建立弹性波动方程的三个基本方程出发,考虑连续介质弹性参数的空变特征,建立非均匀介质的弹性波动方程,利用Alkhalifah声学近似思想建立位移表征的纵波波动方程,利用本征值问题求解方法建立标量波频率-波数域传播算子,从而建立描述纵波传播的标量波方程,其中波函数为纵波位移的散度,不同于均匀介质标量波方程的波函数为位移势.随后推导含PML边界波动方程差分格式并建立不同模型数值模拟进行数值试算,与均匀假设标量波方程和变密度方程对比证明本方法的准确性和稳定性. 相似文献