Middle to Late Cenozoic tectonic events in south and central Palawan (Philippines) and their implications to the evolution of the south-eastern margin of South China Sea: Evidence from onshore structural and offshore seismic data     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

Using recently gathered onland structural and 2D/3D offshore seismic data in south and central Palawan (Philippines), this paper presents a new perspective in unraveling the Cenozoic tectonic history of the southeastern margin of the South China Sea. South and central Palawan are dominated by Mesozoic ophiolites (Palawan Ophiolite), distinct from the primarily continental composition of the north. These ophiolites are emplaced over syn-rift Eocene turbidites (Panas Formation) along thrust structures best preserved in the ophiolite–turbidite contact as well as within the ophiolites. Thrusting is sealed by Early Miocene (∼20 Ma) sediments of the Pagasa Formation (Isugod Formation onland), constraining the younger limit of ophiolite emplacement at end Late Oligocene (∼23 Ma). The onset of ophiolite emplacement at end Eocene is constrained by thrust-related metamorphism of the Eocene turbidites, and post-emplacement underthrusting of Late Oligocene – Early Miocene Nido Limestone. This carbonate underthrusting at end Early Miocene (∼16 Ma) is marked by the deformation of a seismic unit corresponding to the earliest members of the Early – Middle Miocene Pagasa Formation. Within this formation, a tectonic wedge was built within Middle Miocene (from ∼16 Ma to ∼12 Ma), forming a thrust-fold belt called the Pagasa Wedge. Wedge deformation is truncated by the regionally-observed Middle Miocene Unconformity (MMU ∼12 Ma). A localized, post-kinematic extension affects thrust-fold structures, the MMU, and Late Miocene to Early Pliocene carbonates (e.g. Tabon Limestone). This structural set-up suggests a continuous convergent regime affecting the southeastern margin of the South China Sea between end Eocene to end Middle Miocene. The ensuing structures including juxtaposed carbonates, turbidites and shallow marine clastics within thrust-fold belts have become ideal environments for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation. Best developed in the Northwest Borneo Trough area, the intensity of thrust-fold deformation decreases towards the northeast into offshore southwest Palawan.  相似文献   

Neogene igneous intrusions in the northern South China Sea: Evidence from high-resolution three dimensional seismic data     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

Igneous intrusions emplaced within the prospective intervals of sedimentary basins can exert a significant impact on petroleum systems and hence are of considerable interest particularly when risking exploration plays. A number of discordant high amplitude seismic anomalies (DSAs) with a range of geometries are documented in high resolution 3D seismic data in the northern South China Sea. Their distribution and seismic characteristics are analysed and compared with similar seismic anomalies documented within sedimentary basins in the Atlantic margins and other locations. The DSAs occur mainly within Early Miocene strata and are interpreted as igneous intrusions that were emplaced close to the palaeo-seabed and are dated as early Middle Miocene using seismic-stratigraphic methods. A number of vents are also identified above the intrusions within early Middle Miocene strata. Several geometrical forms are observed, referred to here as saucer-shaped, lensoid-shaped, stacked and composite intrusions. The seismic expression of these is increasing complex towards the palaeo-seabed, with a tendency for the saucer-shaped sills to be the deepest intrusive forms. The igneous intrusions observed in this study only could be identified using 3D seismic data and they are important for the future evaluations of petroleum systems, basin evolution and tectonic analysis in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.  相似文献   

三沙永乐蓝洞成因机制初探*     

高金尉  付腾飞  赵明辉  张汉羽  田丽艳 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(1):171-183

海洋蓝洞保留了原始的水体、沉积物、化石残骸和完整的生物骨骼, 是重要的自然遗产和地质奇观, 具有重要的科学研究价值。三沙永乐蓝洞是目前全球已发现的最深海洋蓝洞, 有着独特的洞体结构和水体化学特征, 但其成因仍是未解之谜。本文结合南海的构造演化, 分析了永乐环礁碳酸盐岩台地的发育历史, 认为永乐环礁的形成以加积和退积为主, 其台地边缘属于陡崖型台地斜坡, 有利于发育断层/裂缝; 永乐环礁之上钻井岩心的氧同位素数据表明, 永乐环礁在14.75~168.60m的深度范围内发生了地下水溶蚀作用, 这与实际观测到的158m深洞体转折处之上发生的洞穴垮塌作用相符。通过综合对比分析认为, 三沙永乐蓝洞的形成是断层/裂缝溶蚀机制与深部洞穴垮塌机制综合作用的结果。地下水(淡水、海水)首先沿着台地边缘发育的断层/裂缝进行溶蚀, 在158m以上通过洞穴垮塌作用形成了近垂直的洞穴, 而在158m以下则沿着断层/裂缝继续向下溶蚀形成了略倾斜的深部洞穴结构, 最终由于海平面的上升淹没而形成了蓝洞。本研究可为未来寻找更多海洋蓝洞提供重要的经验与借鉴。  相似文献   

遥感技术支持下的下龙湾西岸养殖塘变化监测及其对“三生用地”影响分析     

陈王梦  李通  张丽  张红日  闫敏  杜跃飞 《测绘通报》2020,(9):66-71

下龙湾西岸是越南北部沿海的养殖大区，随着水产养殖用地规模的逐渐扩大，周边三生用地（生产用地、生活用地、生态用地）空间格局受到影响。本文以下龙湾西岸的5个沿海地区为研究区，利用1990、2000、2010、2015年4期无云Landsat TM/OLI遥感数据，采用分类回归树方法，对1990—2015年的土地利用变化进行监测。通过土地利用净变化量、土地利用动态度模型、相关性分析等方法，定量分析养殖塘时空格局演变特征及对三生用地的影响。结果表明：①25年间，养殖塘面积呈“单峰”式先增后减变化，净增加66.65 km²，2000年面积为156.65 km²，较1990年面积增长113%，2015年较2000年面积减少11%。总体呈现数量上“北增南减”、速率上“东快西慢”的面积变化特征。②养殖塘转入面积中，生产用地对养殖塘转移面积占31%，生活用地占4%，生态用地占65%。空间格局整体以白藤江及陆地中轴为界线，呈南北分区、东西分界的转入转出规律。③养殖塘占用生活用地7.24 km²，二者呈正相关关系，R²为0.46；养殖塘分别占用生产用地和生态用地55.14、115.14 km²，并与两者成负相关关系，R²分别为-0.96和-0.81。由此可知，利用遥感技术监测养殖塘时空变迁对土地资源的规划配置与可持续发展具有重意义。  相似文献   

中国珊瑚藻的多样性及分布研究现状     

雷新明  黄晖  练健生  MCCOOK Laurence J 《热带海洋学报》2019,38(4):30-40

珊瑚藻是海洋生态系统中一类重要的钙化红藻, 且具有海洋初级生产力和生态服务功能, 已经成为当前热点研究生物之一。目前, 世界各国有关珊瑚藻的种类、分布等正在逐渐明晰, 而我国海域珊瑚藻的分布研究尚属空白, 许多种类的多样性信息也需要更新。中国珊瑚藻本底信息的匮乏也阻碍了我国在各个层面上开展珊瑚藻研究与保护工作。为此, 文章对中国海域珊瑚藻种类和分布现状进行了汇总与分析。结果表明, 中国现有珊瑚藻种类记录162种, 合并同物异名种后共计112种, 隶属于10科26属, 约占全球珊瑚藻种类数的15%; 其中大陆有79种, 台湾岛66种, 香港10种。我国珊瑚藻的分布从渤海到南海均有分布, 呈现出明显的热带与亚热带分布特征; 其中辽宁、山东、浙江、福建、广东和香港海域记载较少(<20种), 而台湾岛、海南岛和三沙海域则较多(>30种)。研究能为明确我国珊瑚藻的种类、数量及分布特征等方面提供良好的参考资料。  相似文献   

马里亚纳海沟表层沉积物物理性质与微观结构初探     

戴旭  单仁亮  孔祥松  阳宁  孙嵩 《海洋工程》2019,37(2):150-156

针对取样于141°48.700 8'E,11°11.698 8'N,深度为8 638 m的马里亚纳海沟海底表层沉积物,考虑该沉积物中的孔隙水为海水,提出一种测定其基本物理性质指标的修正方法,并测定其相关的物理性质指标,最后通过扫描电子显微镜观察其微观结构。研究结果表明:本次取样处的深海海底表层沉积物具有极高的含水率、高孔隙率、低密度、低比重、高饱和度等特性。考虑海水中盐分影响的修正后,该土样的含水率比修正前提高了11.68%,比重比修正前降低了7.66%。该沉积物显微结构以絮凝结构为主,中间夹杂着大量多孔隙的硅藻碎片和生物体的空壳,这使得该沉积物中的孔隙数量增多。研究结果将有助于了解马里亚纳海沟地区的深海沉积环境和历史,为深海集矿车的设计提供参考。  相似文献   

冷泉系统研究国际发展态势分析     

张灿影  王琳  於维樱  冯志纲  孔秀  张晓琨 《海洋科学》2018,42(10):82-93

以Web of Science信息平台的SCIE数据库为数据源,利用文献计量方法,分析国际冷泉系统研究的年度变化、期刊分布、主要研究国家、机构的影响力及合作情况以及国际研究热点领域。研究结果发现:国际冷泉系统研究论文产量一直呈增长趋势;美国论文产出数量最多、合作中心性最强。德国亥姆霍兹国家研究中心联合会发文最多。中国近三年发文比例和第一国家发文比例均排名第一,其中发文最多的机构为中国科学院。微生物甲烷厌氧氧化、冷泉区生物多样性以及冷泉碳酸盐岩的矿物学和地球化学是研究热点。  相似文献   

南海潜热交换年际与年代际变化的分析探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

隋丹丹  谢强  王东晓 《海洋学报》2012,34(4):27-34

根据一套客观分析潜热通量、基于绕岛理论诊断的南海贯穿流(LST)、南海热含量等月平均资料,分析南海表层潜热通量的年际和年代际变化特征。南海地区的潜热通量冬季强,春季的潜热通量弱;在秋冬季节,南海北部的潜热通量远大于南部;夏季南海潜热通量南部高于北部;从20世纪80年代初潜热通量逐渐增加。使用EOF经验正交分解,M-K检验方法分析南海潜热通量的多时间尺度变化,前3个模态的方差贡献率分别为:53.01%(主要为长期趋势)、17.4%(年代际变化)、6.71%(年际变化)。分析表明在年际尺度上南海贯穿流(LST)减少导致南海海表温度(SST)增温幅度上升,海气温差比湿差减小,从而导致潜热释放减少,潜热通量呈负异常;反之LST进入南海增多,海气温差比湿差变大,导致南海潜热损失减少,潜热通量呈正异常。  相似文献   

南沙群岛渚碧礁海域造礁石珊瑚群落特征     

黄晖  张成龙  杨剑辉  尤丰  练健生  谭烨辉 《台湾海峡》2012,31(1):79-84

根据2007年5月的调查资料,对南沙群岛渚碧礁海域造礁石珊瑚的群落结构、种类组成、覆盖率和死亡率等进行了分析研究.鉴定出的造礁石珊瑚有74种,其中鹿角珊瑚科(Acroporidae)种类最多.渚碧礁海域造礁石珊瑚群落澙湖内外差别较大,澙湖内造礁石珊瑚覆盖率和健康状况明显优于澙湖外,但是两者的死亡率都较高.礁坪和澙湖的优势种不同且优势度较高(优势度>40%),其中细柱滨珊瑚(Porites cylindrica)在澙湖内占主导地位(优势度:47.20%),而澙湖外以疣状杯形珊瑚(Pocillopora verrucosa)为主导(优势度:54.88%).造礁石珊瑚大量死亡的原因可能是自然因素和人类活动共同造成的,必须加以关注.  相似文献   

Methane and methane carbon isotope ratios in the Northeast Atlantic including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (50°N)     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2005,52(6):1043-1070

Previous work has shown that methane anomalies frequently occur within the rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The plumes appear confined within the high, steep walls of the valley, and it is not known whether methane may escape to the open ocean outside. In order to investigate this question, the concentration and ¹³C/¹²C ratio of methane together with CCl₃F concentration were measured in the northeastern Atlantic including the rift valley near 50°N. This segment contained methane plumes centered several 100 m above the valley floor with δ¹³C values mostly between –15‰ and –10‰. A limited number of helium isotope measurements showed that δ³He increased to 17% at the bottom of the valley, which suggests the helium and methane sources may be spatially separated. In the eastern Atlantic away from the ridge (48°N, 20°W), the methane concentration decreased monotonically from the surface to the bottom, but the methane δ¹³C exhibited a mid-water maximum of about –25‰. The bottom water methane contained a significantly lower δ¹³C of about –36‰. Thus, it appears that isotopically heavy methane escapes from the MAR into North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) that contacts the ridge crest while circulating to the east. The formation of NADW supplies isotopically light methane that dilutes the input of heavy carbon from the ridge. We employed a time-dependent box model to calculate the extent of isotope dilution and thereby the flux of MAR methane into the NADW circulation. The degree of methane oxidation, which affects the ¹³C/¹²C of methane through kinetic isotope fractionation, was estimated by comparing methane and CFC-11 model results with observations. The model calculations indicate a MAR methane source of about 0.06×10⁻⁹ mol L⁻¹ yr⁻¹ to waters at the depth of the ridge crest. Assuming this extends to a 500 m thick layer over half of the entire Atlantic, the amount of methane escaping from the MAR to the open ocean is estimated to be about 1×10⁹ mol yr⁻¹. The total production of methane within the rift valley is likely much greater than the flux from the valley to the outside because of local oxidation. This implies that serpentinization of ultramafic rocks supports much of methane production in the rift valley because the amount expected from basalt degassing in association with mantle helium (<0.6×10⁹ mol CH₄ yr⁻¹) is less than even the net amount escaping from the valley. The model results also indicate the methane specific oxidation rate is about 0.05 yr⁻¹ in open waters of the northern Atlantic.  相似文献