Oligocene–Miocene carbonates and their role for constraining the rifting and collision history of the Dangerous Grounds,South China Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

The attenuated continental crust of the Dangerous Grounds is located in the southeastern part of the South China Sea. It was affected by unconformities as identified by several authors (Cullen et al., 2010, Hinz and Schlüter, 1985, Hutchison, 2010, Hutchison and Vijayan, 2010). In the northeastern Dangerous Grounds, a prominent reflector in seismic data is associated with the top of a widespread Oligocene to Early Miocene (18–20 Ma) carbonate platform. This reflector and the underlying carbonates can be used to constrain the timing of the unconformities and the rifting history of the Dangerous Grounds. By carefully interpreting seismic reflection lines we trace the platform carbonates based upon their appearance in the seismic image. This platform is continuous in the Palawan–Borneo trough and gets patchy toward the Dangerous Grounds. In the Dangerous Grounds the image of this key reflector changes and here it merely forms the top of a clastic layer. Carbonates remain abundant but mainly as isolated reefs that grew on top of tilted fault blocks. In the southwestern Dangerous Grounds the prominent unconformity sealing the tectonic activity is known as the Middle Miocene Unconformity. This in fact is an Early Miocene unconformity, which represents a sequence boundary in the Borneo–Palawan trough and in various parts of the Dangerous Grounds, while in other parts of the Dangerous Grounds, it represents a major angular unconformity.The unconformity characteristics supplemented with tentative ages indicate that Luconia and the southern Dangerous Grounds were sub-aerial during the Early Miocene, while the Reed Bank, the northern Dangerous Grounds and parts of the central Dangerous Grounds were mostly submerged except for some islands concentrated on the western edge of the Borneo–Palawan trough. This trough is interpreted as a foreland basin where the flexural forebulge provided shallow marine conditions that promoted reef growth. As the carbonate deposition migrated from the Borneo–Palawan trough toward the Dangerous Grounds we suggest that the flexural forebulge provided shallow water conditions for further reef growth on the eastern Dangerous Grounds.  相似文献   

Reprint of: Nature and significance of the West Baram and Tinjar Lines,NW Borneo     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

A key consideration in tectonic models for SE Asia and opening of the South China Sea is the role that the West Baram and Tinjar Lines of NW Borneo may have played in accommodating the motion of crustal blocks displaced from Asia following India's collision. There are few studies that focus on these “lines”. Using onshore geological studies and offshore seismic data to address the origin and tectonic significance of these, this paper concludes that rather than a major transform boundary between Luconia and the Dangerous Grounds, the West Baram Line marks the boundary between domains of continental crust that underwent differential extension in the Eocene. The Baram Basin is underlain by hyperextended continental crust on the NE side of the Baram Line. The strong contrast in the geological features across the Tinjar and West Baram Lines likely reflects ancient differences in crustal rheology with Luconia being the more rigid block. Although lack of significant strike slip faulting along the West Baram Line poses problems for tectonic models in which a wide proto-South China Sea is subducted beneath NW Borneo, intra-plate deformation, such as partial inversion of the Dangerous Grounds rift, offers a potential mechanism to mass balance blocks displaced from Asia with the reduced strike slip motion along the West Baram Line.  相似文献   

Characteristics and occurrence of submarine canyon-associated landslides in the middle of the northern continental slope,South China Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

High-resolution and high-density 2-D multichannel seismic data, combined with high-precision multibeam bathymetric map, are utilized to investigate the characteristics and distribution of submarine landslides in the middle of the northern continental slope, South China Sea. In the region, a series of 19 downslope-extending submarine canyons are developed. The canyons are kilometers apart, and separated by inter-canyon sedimentary ridges. Numerous submarine landslides, bounded by headscarps and basal glide surfaces, are identified on the seismic profiles by their distorted to chaotic reflections. Listric faults and rotational blocks in head areas and compressional folds and inverse faults at the toes of the landslides are possibly developed. Three types of submarine landslides, i.e., creeps, slumps, and landslide complexes, are recognized. These landslides are mostly distributed in the head areas and on the flanks of the canyons. As the most widespread landslides in the region, creeps are usually composed of multiple laterally-coalesced creep bodies, in which the boundaries of singular component creep bodies are difficult to delineate. In addition, a total of 77 landslides are defined, including 61 singular slumps and 16 landslide complexes that consist of two or more component landslides. Statistics show that most landslides are of a small dimension (0.53–18.09 km² in area) and a short runout distance (less than 3.5 km). Regional and local slope gradients and rheological behavior of the displaced materials might play important roles in the generation and distribution of the submarine landslides. A conceptual model for the co-evolution of the canyons and the associated landslides in the study area is presented. In the model it is assumed that the canyons are initiated from gullies created by landslides on steeper sites of the continental slope. The nascent canyons would then experience successive retrogressive landsliding events to extend upslope; at the same time canyon downcutting or incision would steepen the canyon walls to induce more landslides.  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾CTSL基因与生长相关的SNP位点的特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱景花  李义军  王平  施泓  阮灵伟 《台湾海峡》2014,(1):53-59

对3个凡纳滨对虾品系的CTSL基因进行单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）筛查,发现在生长指标差异的对虾中存在特征较为显著的7个SNP位点,其中3个属于外显子上的突变,4个属于内含子上的突变．B210对虾品系体重月平均生长量约为7．58g,体长月平均生长量约为2．31cm,B310对虾品系体重月平均生长量约为3．96g,体长月平均生长量约为1．48cm,HNIT对虾品系体重月平均生长量约为3．04g,体长月平均生长量约为2．18em．从市场价值来看,B210和B310品系比HNTr品系生长相对好些．进一步的PCR产物直接测序比较分析表明在生长指标较好的对虾品系,这7个SNP位点表现为纯合子;而在生长指标较差的对虾品系,在这7个SNP位点上31．6％表现为杂合子．虽然国内外有不少关于CTSL基因SNP位点的报道,但是与生长快慢的相关分析还鲜有报道,且这些SNP位点与前人发现的位点有所不同．本研究发现的CTSL基因的SNP位点与对虾生长快慢相关,将为凡纳滨对虾生长研究提供有用信息,从而有助于为对虾选育提供可靠的分子标记．  相似文献   

西南季风期间斯里兰卡降水的年代际、年际变化及其与热带印度洋的联系     

W. A. E. LAKSHANI  张广隶  王鑫 《南京气象学院学报》2018,10(3):282-289

本文主要研究了1979—2016期间斯里兰卡在西南季风期间降水的年代际、年际变化以及与印度洋海温的联系.首先用经验正交的方法分析了斯里兰卡以及周边地区降水的时空分布,发现前两个模态能够解释超过70%的方差.其中第一模态为均一模态,且其PC1以及斯里兰卡7 a滑动平均降水序列都有年代际变化,降水异常在2000年前后异常偏多和偏少.通过合成分析发现2000年之后降水的异常减少与热带西部、中部印度洋的暖海温异常有关.暖海温异常通过调整经向环流引起了斯里兰卡上空的下沉运动,抑制了降水.在第二模态中,负的信号出现在斯里兰卡大部分地区,只有在斯里兰卡北部海角很小地区出现了正的信号.PC2表现出了年际变化,且与热带东南印度洋海温异常有显著的关系.通过Gill-Matsuno响应,热带东南印度洋海温异常造成热带北印度洋上空的气旋性环流异常,引起了水汽的辐合,从而利于降水.  相似文献   

Observation system simulation experiments using an ensemble-based method in the northeastern South China Sea     

Geng  Wu  Cheng  Feng  Xie  Qiang  Zou  Xiaoli  He  Weihong  Wang  Zhaozheng  Shu  Yeqiang  Chen  Gengxin  Liu  Danian  Ye  Dong  Wang  Ruiwen  Liu  Chuanyu 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2020,38(6):1729-1745

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - An ensemble-based method for the observation system simulation experiment (OSSE) is employed to design optimal observation stations and assess the present...  相似文献   

一次冬季江淮气旋逗点云区的雷达回波和气流结构分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵宇  蓝欣  杨成芳 《气象学报》2018,76(5):726-741

2016年2月12—13日,受冷空气和江淮气旋暖锋锋生影响,山东出现一次极端暴雨雪天气过程,全省有42个站的降水突破同期历史记录。采用多种观测以及WRF模式模拟的热力学变量,基于拉格朗日方法的气流轨迹模式(HYSPLIT v4.9),分析了气旋逗点云区云系的演变特征、降水不同阶段气旋逗点云区气流结构和轨迹特征。结果表明:(1)江淮气旋逗点云区由4条带状回波合并发展形成,气旋形成后降水回波呈气旋式旋转、拉长,形成多条中尺度强降水带。(2)降雨阶段气旋逗点头从下到上主要由来自东海、黄海、日本海或内陆的边界层气团,来自中国南海和中南半岛的暖湿气团以及来自西亚和东欧的干冷气团组成。气旋逗点头内有3个降水区:北部和南部暖湿气团浅薄、层结稳定,为层状云降水区;中部暖湿气团深厚,中高层有条件性不稳定发展,为深厚的对流云降水区。气旋逗点头中南部的干冷空气来自高层的西亚气团,而剖面北部有来自中层(即青藏高原东部气团)的干冷空气,气团明显变性,对降水贡献大。(3)降雪阶段气旋逗点头从下到上主要由西伯利亚气团、东海气团、南海气团和孟加拉湾气团叠置而成。气旋逗点头西部层状降水区分两部分:北部为降雪区,南部为降雨区。降雪与降雨阶段的明显差别是冷湿的东海气团下面是否有西伯利亚冷气团。降雪区西伯利亚气团上空东海气团深厚,南海气团浅薄;降雨区南海气团深厚,东海气团浅薄。   相似文献   

Research Progress and Challenges of Submarine Cyclic Steps     

Dawei Wang  Yue Sun  Shaowen Si  Shiguo Wu 《地球科学进展》1986,35(9):890-901

Cyclic steps structure derived from the supercritical flows is one of the common bedforms， which is commonly found in sedimentary systems such as delta systems， deep-water canyon-channel systems， and carbonate platforms. In this paper， the research progresses of cyclic steps were introduced from the aspects of sedimentary environment， the features of bedforms， sedimentary structure， formation mechanism， and numerical simulation. The Research scale differences associated with the survey techniques or study methods， such as the ship survey and AUV-based multi-beams， sub-bottom profiles， multichannel seismic， the field outcrop， and numerical simulation were discussed. Finally， the breakthrough directions of the cyclic steps research were given. The combining method of ground penetrating radar， multichannel seismic， drilling and well logging were used to accurately detect the location of field outcrop thalweg. Within the area with water depth greater than 500 meters， the blending of multi-data for the cyclic steps research involved the AUV-based and the ship multi-beams， sub-bottom profiles， and multichannel seismic data. With the in situ samples and observation data obtained by human occupied vehicles， three-dimensional numerical simulation was developed to establish a set of dynamic simulation equations suitable for the real cyclic steps. Therefore， the high resolution three dimensional mode of the deep-water cyclic steps could be obtained more accurately.  相似文献   

一株源于红树林根际土壤产纤维素酶芽孢杆菌的鉴定及其酶学性质分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马军  王耀嵘  侯萍  魏明婉  陈燕  李麒麟 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(5):997-1004

从红树林根际土壤中筛选出一株产纤维素酶的革兰氏阳性菌,通过形态、生化特征及16S r RNA基因序列分析鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。对其产纤维素酶能力进行分析,发现该菌株所产纤维素酶的最适反应温度为55°C,最适p H为6。酶学性质分析发现,在反应温度为55°C时,该菌株产生的纤维素酶稳定性最好,保温120min后仍具有80%以上的相对酶活力;在p H为5—7时,酶活性相对稳定,相对酶活力均维持在80%左右。Cu~(2+)对该酶有一定的抑制作用,Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)和Co~(2+)均对酶有一定的促进作用。本研究显示这株芽孢杆菌具有良好的应用前景,为该菌株在水产饲料添加剂中的进一步研究与应用提供参考依据。  相似文献   

Gas hydrate accumulations related to focused fluid flow in the Pegasus Basin,southern Hikurangi Margin,New Zealand     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

The Hikurangi Margin, east of the North Island of New Zealand, is known to contain significant deposits of gas hydrates. This has been demonstrated by several multidisciplinary studies in the area since 2005. These studies indicate that hydrates in the region are primarily located beneath thrust ridges that enable focused fluid flow, and that the hydrates are associated with free gas. In 2009–2010, a seismic dataset consisting of 2766 km of 2D seismic data was collected in the undrilled Pegasus Basin, which has been accumulating sediments since the early Cretaceous. Bottom-simulating reflections (BSRs) are abundant in the data, and they are accompanied by other features that indicate the presence of free gas and concentrated accumulations of gas hydrate. We present results from a detailed qualitative analysis of the data that has made use of automated high-density velocity analysis to highlight features related to the hydrate system in the Pegasus Basin. Two scenarios are presented that constitute contrasting mechanisms for gas-charged fluids to breach the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. The first mechanism is the vertical migration of fluids across layers, where flow pathways do not appear to be influenced by stratigraphic layers or geological structures. The second mechanism is non-vertical fluid migration that follows specific strata that crosscut the BSR. One of the most intriguing features observed is a presumed gas chimney within the regional gas hydrate stability zone that is surrounded by a triangular (in 2D) region of low reflectivity, approximately 8 km wide, interpreted to be the result of acoustic blanking. This chimney structure is cored by a ∼200-m-wide low-velocity zone (interpreted to contain free gas) flanked by high-velocity bands that are 200–400 m wide (interpreted to contain concentrated hydrate deposits).  相似文献