论民间法对中国少数民族地区环境法制建设的贡献   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖华 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(5):50-54

创始于西方国家的环境法以工业化和民主政治为基础,在工业化程度不高、民主意识欠缺的少数民族地区开展环境法制建设必须尊重当地少数民族的自治权利及社会的法文化传统,发挥民间法对环境法制建设的贡献.因为民间法作为历史文化遗留有巨大的惯性力量,是实际存在于中国现代社会的有效秩序和规范来源.少数民族地区广泛存在的与环境保护相关的民间法能够成为地方环境立法的来源,帮助人们认同国家环境立法,并且弥补国家环境立法的空白,全面细致地规范人们开发利用环境的行为.  相似文献   

城市扩展元胞自动机多结构卷积神经网络模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谢志文  王海军  张彬  黄鑫鑫 《测绘学报》2020,49(3):375-385

传统的城市扩展元胞自动机(CA)模型是基于单个元胞的变量信息挖掘来构建转换规则的。针对这一问题,本文基于多结构卷积神经网络提出从区域特征出发且顾及区域多尺度特征挖掘转换规则的城市扩展元胞自动机模型(MSCNN-CA),并以武汉主城区和上海浦东新区为例,模拟了两个试验区2005—2015年期间城市扩展过程。模型验证表明:与逻辑回归和神经网络相比,本文构建的3个单一结构的卷积神经网络元胞自动机(CNN-CA)模型在4个指标(Kappa系数、FoM(figure of merit)值、命中率(h)和错误率(m))上都有不同程度的提高。特别是FoM指数,在武汉主城区提高了23.3%~29.4%,在上海浦东新区提高了20.3%~28.5%。此外,MSCNN-CA模型与3个单一结构的CNN-CA模型相比,在各个指标上也有所改善,FoM指数在武汉主城区提高了0.8%~4.8%,上海浦东新区提高了2.8%~7.8%。两个试验区的模拟结果表明:相比传统CA模型,基于多结构卷积神经网络的城市扩展元胞自动机模型(MSCNN-CA)能够有效提高城市扩展模拟的精度,更真实地反映城市扩展空间演变过程。相比单结构的卷积神经网络CA模型,多结构卷积神经网络CA模型的稳定性和模拟结果准确性有所提升。  相似文献   

基于Java Applet的网络地图服务平台设计与实施     

王明军  杜清运 《地理信息世界》2007,5(5):53-57

网络地图平台设计是数字地图应用的一个重要发展方向。作者着重论述了采用Java Applet建立网络地图服务平台的实现思路、基本框架、数据组织及系统实施的关键技术,在此基础上介绍了地图发布软件的基本功能设计、结合COM组件技术实现公交换乘功能设计、界面设计等,最后给出具体实例。  相似文献   

Distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in surface sediments of Lake Qinghai and surrounding soil     

《Organic Geochemistry》2012

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are increasingly used as proxies for paleoclimate studies of marine and lacustrine environments. While GDGT-based proxies have been applied to a number of lake environments globally, little is known about the distribution of GDGTs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We have investigated the isoprenoid GDGTs (iGDGTs) and branched GDGTs (bGDGTs) in Lake Qinghai sediments and the surrounding surface soil in order to examine their potential use as paleoclimate proxies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results show that (i) the values of the iGDGT/bGDGT ratio for surrounding soil were at the higher end among globally distributed soils and consequently BIT values (avg. 0.71) at the lower end, (ii) the TEX₈₆ values decreased while the MBT and CBT values increased along an onshore soil–nearshore sediment–offshore sediment transect, (iii) the TEX₈₆ values for the offshore sediments were almost identical and their inferred temperatures were close to mean summer surface water temperature and (iv) the bGDGT-inferred mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and pH for soil were consistent with measured MAAT and pH. However, the CBT-inferred pH for offshore sediments seemed inconsistent with the pH of lake water or sediment. Our results suggest that (i) the higher pH may be an important factor leading to the higher iGDGT/bGDGT values (and lower BIT values) in surrounding surface soil, (ii) both iGDGTs and bGDGTs may originate from terrestrial input and in situ production for this saline lake, especially for nearshore sediments. However, for offshore sediments, terrestrial iGDGT input seems minor, and TEX₈₆ may be useful for paleoclimate studies of Lake Qinghai.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal-spectral observation model for urban remote sensing     

《地球空间信息科学学报》2021,24(3):372-386

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Analysis of effects of active sources on observed phase velocity based on the thin layer method     

Hua-You Chai  Kok-Kwang Phoon  Chang-Fu Wei  Ying-Fa Lu 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,73(1):49-58

In the wave field induced by active sources, the observed phase velocity of surface waves is influenced by both mode incompatibility (i.e. non-planar spread of surface waves is idealized as plane waves) and body waves. Effects of sources are usually investigated based on numerical simulations and physical models. Several methods have been proposed to mitigate the effects. In application, however, these methods may also have difficulties since the energy of the body waves depends on soil stratification and parameters. There are multiple modes of surface waves in layered media, among which the higher modes dominate the wave field for soils with the irregular shear velocity profiles. Considering the mode incompatibility and the higher modes, we derive analytical expressions for the effective phase velocity of the surface waves based on the thin layer stiffness method, and investigate the effects of the body waves on the observed phase velocity through the phase analysis of the vibrations of both the surface waves and the body waves. The results indicate that the effective phase velocity of the surface waves in layered media varies with the frequency and the spread distance, and is underestimated compared to that of the plane surface waves in the spread range less than about one wavelength. The oscillations that appeared in the observed phase velocity are due to the involvement of the body waves. The mode incompatibility can be ignored in the range beyond one wavelength, while the influence range of the body waves is far beyond one wavelength. The body waves have a significant influence on the observed phase velocity of the surface waves in soils with a soft layer trapped between the first and the second layers because of strong reflections.  相似文献   

Designing a spatial pattern to rebalance the orientation of development and protection in Wuhan   总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1  

金贵  石鑫  贺大为  郭柏枢  李兆华  石先滨 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(4):569-582

Patterns of spatial development and protection form a basic category of geoscience,and redesigning them is a popular subject of research in regional sustainable development that is important for ecological civilization construction.The authors here report a case study of Wuhan city using the circuit theory model and minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model to rebalance its spatial protection and development.The results show the following:(1)Using the density of the gross domestic product(GDP),density of population,rate of urbanization,and access to transportation as evaluation indicators,seven core areas of development in Wuhan were identified,accounting for 59%of the total number of streets,that exhibited a “circular-satellite”spatial structure.(2)According to the importance of ecosystem services,ecological sensitivity,land use type,and slope of the terrain,the resistance surface of spatial development in Wuhan had a stereoscopic spatial form of an“inverted pyramid,”with high surroundings and a low center.The area of low resistance accounted for 6.64%of the total area of Wuhan.(3)Based on coupling analysis using the MCR and spatial morphological characteristics of current,nine axes of spatial development with a total area of 427.27 km2 and eight key strategic points with a total area of 40.02 km2 were identified.Streets that were prioritized for development accounted for 9.63%of Wuhan's total area.(4)By combining the characterization of the development axis with the structure of the three-level core area,we extracted the structure of spatial development of "one heart,two wings,and three belts" in Wuhan.The research framework and empirical results can provide scientific guidance for the urban spatial layout,the development of regional linkages,and ecological environmental protection in China.  相似文献   

固体矿产储量估算系统的研究与实现   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

吴鸿敏  杨佳  张宝一 《地理信息世界》2007,5(1):73-78

通过对固体矿产储量估算过程的详细调研,对储量估算过程中的单工程圈定算法、矿体剖面连接以及传统的储量估算方法中的平行剖面法和地质块段法做了详细研究,并针对储量计算的可视化及交互技术进行了研究,实现了一种基于Windows操作系统、MapGIS地理信息系统平台的固体矿产储量估算原型系统,实现了对固体矿产勘查数据的有效存储、管理、可视化分析及评价。  相似文献   

Efficient nonlinear modeling of rainfall-runoff process using wavelet compression     

《Journal of Hydrology》2007,332(3-4):442-455

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Coastal lagoon habitat re-creation potential in Hampshire,England     

《Marine Policy》2007,31(5):599-606

The Solent region in southern England represents one of the highest concentrations of coastal lagoons and saline ponds in the UK. Four lagoon complexes within the region comprise a Special Area of Conservation (SAC), under the European Habitats Directive. The ephemeral nature of coastal lagoons presents a particular management challenge in terms of retaining designated sites in “favourable conservation status”. Consequently, in addition to sensitive management of existing sites, it is important to identify sites for habitat re-creation. A site-specific investigation of Hook Lake in Hampshire is presented. Previously, on the basis of salinity measurements alone, this site was deemed to have progressed naturally through brackish conditions to a freshwater habitat overgrown by reeds Phragmites sp. A more detailed survey, which considered salinity measurements together with an analysis of substratum heterogeneity and invertebrate fauna diversity, suggests that it is still predominantly a freshwater system with an adjacent brackish/saline ditch. Future management, linked to local biodiversity action plan targets, could proactively support the development of this site as a coastal lagoon in order to secure its integration as part of the international conservation designation. However, this is complicated by the need to then recognise and compensate for loss of freshwater habitat, the need to persuade the local community that any change would not compromise coastal defence integrity and ultimately by medium to long-term coastal defence investment decisions.  相似文献