煤炭从价征税实施在即     

郭锦辉 《西部资源》2014,(3):59-60

国务院办公厅近日印发《2014—2015年节能减排低碳发展行动方案》。根据方案,2014年到2015年,单位GDP能耗、化学需氧量、二氧化硫、氨氮、氮氧化物排放量将分别逐年下降3.9%、2%、2%、2%、5%以上,单位GDP二氧化碳排放量两年分别下降4%、3.5%以上。  相似文献   

盐度对河口潮汐湿地温室气体产生和排放的影响研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

汪旭明  任洪昌  仝川 《湿地科学》2014,(6)

盐度是影响河口潮汐湿地温室气体动态的一个重要的环境因子。本文论述了盐度对河口潮汐湿地温室气体的产生和排放的影响及机制。盐水入侵通过带来丰富的SO42-引起的硫酸盐效应、离子强度增加引起的离子效应影响CH4和CO2的产生。盐水入侵通过影响湿地的硝化作用、反硝化作用及硝化细菌反硝化作用进而影响N2O产生量,影响方式主要包括:(1)通过物理化学机制加强沉积物中铵的释放;(2)通过生理机制增加沉积物氮素释放量,直接影响硝化细菌、反硝化细菌活性,进而影响硝化作用和反硝化作用;(3)通过提高硝酸盐异化还原为铵的速率影响反硝化速率。最后提出了今后应加强研究的方向。  相似文献   

Perceptions of climate change in China: The research and policy connection     

LiHua Zhou  J. Scott Hauger  Ning Liu  HuiLing Lu 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(2):0089-0098

Global climate change has evolved from a scientific problem into an economic and political problem oI worlOwloe rater- est. National perspectives play a crucial role in addressing climate change. Mutual understanding of perspectives is nec- essary to result in rational policies and a consensus among stakeholders with divergent interests. Conceptual frameworks for understanding the problem of climate change in China, the largest developing country and the largest greenhouse gas emitter, are of great significance to national and international efforts to address the problems of climate change. Chinese perceptions of climate change as a sustainable development problem have recently been in tension with an emerging Western perspective that frames climate change as a security issue. This paper explores Chinese perceptions of climate change as expressed in recent governmental policy statements, public opinion surveys, and academic scholarship with a focus on publications in Chinese-language journals, often unfamiliar in the West. It looks at the relationship between Chinese research and policy and finds that the Chinese policy frame of climate change as a sustainable development problem draws from the body of domestic research and is reflective of the perspectives and multidisciplinary approach of Chinese researchers in areas of climate change.  相似文献   

Water discharge variability of Changjiang （Yangtze） and Huanghe （Yellow） Rivers and its response to climatic changes     

张喜林  范德江  王厚杰  杨作升 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(6):1392-1405

Influences of large-scale climatic phenomena, such as the E1Nifio/La Nifia-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, on the temporal variations of the annual water discharge at the Lijin station in the Huanghe （Yellow） River and at the Datong station in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River were examined. Using the empirical mode decomposition-maximum entropy spectral analysis （EMD- MESA） method, the 2- to 3-year, 8- to 14-year, and 23-year cyclical variations of the annual water discharge at the two stations were discovered. Based on the analysis results, the hydrological time series on the inter- annual to interdecadal scales were constructed. The results indicate that from 1950 to 2011, a significant downward trend occurred in the natural annual water discharge in Huanghe River. However, the changes in water discharge in Changjiang River basin exhibited a slightly upward trend. It indicated that the changes in the river discharge in the Huanghe basin were driven primarily by precipitation. Other factors, such as the precipitation over the Changjiang River tributaries, ice melt and evaporation contributed much more to the increase in the Changjiang River basin. Especially, the impacts of the inter-annual and inter-decadal climate oscillations such as ENSO and PDO could change the long-term patterns of precipitation over the basins of the two major rivers. Generally, low amounts of basin-wide precipitation on interannual to interdecadal scales over the two rivers corresponded to most of the warm ENSO events and the warm phases of the PDO, and vice versa. The positive phases of the PDO and ENSO could lead to reduced precipitation and consequently affect the long-term scale water discharges at the two rivers.  相似文献   

《气候变化研究进展》征稿细则     

《气候变化研究进展》2014,(5)

<正>1.《气候变化研究进展》是受国家气候委员会委托,由中国气象局国家气候中心主办的气候变化领域内由自然科学和社会科学相结合的综合性学术刊物.2.本刊设有"气候系统变化"、"气候变化影响"、"气候变化适应"、"温室气体排放"、"对策论坛"、"渊查研究"和"简汛"等栏目,并定期就某一专题组稿、约稿,以专栏形式发表.综述类论文以约稿为主,一般不接受自由投稿.  相似文献   

Verifying Fossil-Fuel Carbon Dioxide Emissions Forecasted by an Artificial Neural Network with the GEOS-Chem Model          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Yi-Nan  Lü Da-Ren  LI Qian  PAN Yu-Bing 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):377-381

In this study, the authors developed an en- semble of Elman neural networks to forecast the spatial and temporal distribution of fossil-fuel emissions （ff） in 2009. The authors built and trained 29 Elman neural net- works based on the monthly average grid emission data （1979-2008） from different geographical regions. A three-dimensional global chemical transport model, God- dard Earth Observing System （GEOS）-Chem, was applied to verify the effectiveness of the networks. The results showed that the networks captured the annual increasing trend and interannual variation of ff well. The difference between the simulations with the original and predicted ff ranged from -1 ppmv to 1 ppmv globally. Meanwhile, the authors evaluated the observed and simulated north-south gradient of the atmospheric CO2 concentrations near the surface. The two simulated gradients appeared to have a similar changing pattern to the observations, with a slightly higher background CO2 concentration, - 1 ppmv. The results indicate that the Elman neural network is a useful tool for better understanding the spatial and tem- poral distribution of the atmospheric C02 concentration and ft.  相似文献   

新书架     

《气象》2014,(3):388

正《金融危机前主要经济体温室气体减排路径研究》殷培红等著该书从排放总量、人均排放和排放强度三个方面概述了全球温室气体排放的国别差异和世界温室气体排放格局的变化,分析了人均排放国别差异的主要影响因素。同时从欧盟国家、伞形集团国家以及新兴经济体等三个利益集团中选择了17个典型国家,用大量的数据介绍了这些国家20年来  相似文献   

BG型钻杆排放设备的设计与应用     

和国磊  许本冲  秦如雷  刘晓林  冯起赠  刘家誉 《探矿工程》2014,41(4):42-45

传统接卸钻杆多采用人工对扣、拖拽摆放方式,效率较低,工人劳动强度大。针对目前流行的可抬头式全液压钻机,设计了一种BG型自动钻杆排放设备,该设备通过机械手与夹持器2个机构与抬头式动力头配合完成钻杆的自动化接卸、摆放。详细介绍了机械手结构设计与回转驱动选型、夹持器结构设计与夹持油缸选型以及液压系统的设计思路,从理论上确定设备的可靠性。最后通过现场试验验证了BG型自动钻杆排放设备的实用性。  相似文献   

东北地区大气污染物源排放时空特征：基于国内外清单的对比分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张萌铎  陈卫卫  高超  张学磊  姜怡冰  修艾军 《地理科学》2020,40(11):1940-1948

基于国内外4类常用的污染源排放清单数据（EDGAR：全球大气研究排放数据库；CEDS：社区排放数据系统；MIX：亚洲排放清单；PKU-FUEL：全球燃料排放数据），对东北区域5类人为排放源（工业源、能源、交通运输源、生活民用源和农业源）的8种污染物（PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO_x、NMVOCs、NH₃、OC和BC）从排放总量、来源贡献和时空分布特征等方面进行对比分析。结果表明：东北污染物排放主要以SO₂、NO_x和NMVOCs为主，工业、能源和交通运输为主要贡献源；PM_2.5和PM₁₀主要来自生活民用源和工业源，贡献率前者大于后者。辽宁省污染物（除NH₃外）排放最大，其次为黑龙江省、吉林省和内蒙古东四盟市，冬季排放强度明显高于其他季节。NH₃主要来自农业源，排放峰值发生在5~7月；各清单间排放总量和来源贡献差异明显，EDGAR和PKU清单对NH₃估算差异度为170.3%；SO₂、NO_x、BC和OC的排放差异度均在30%以上。不同活动水平和排放因子的使用是造成清单差异的主要原因。本研究可以掌握东北污染状况，了解清单差异，为本地化清单工作开展提供研究方向，同时也可为模式模拟合理选择清单数据提供参考。  相似文献   

加强地质灾害防灾体系建设与管理     

吴建成 《湖南地质》2008,(4):22-22

衡阳市位于湖南省中南部，地处湘江中游，全市土地总面积1.53万平方公里。衡阳中部为盆地，四周丘岗山地环绕，以湘江干流为中轴，水系发育良好。衡阳属亚热带季风气候，平均年降雨量约1660毫米，降雨主要集中在5～9月。受地理、地质、气象、水文等自然因素和愈来愈强烈的人为活动影响，衡阳市属地质灾害高发区。据全市地质灾害区划与调查统计，目前，衡阳市共发现地质灾害隐患点3825处（含矿山），  相似文献