NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANICS OF SOIL REINFORCEMENT     

Weifeng SONG Lihua CHEN Xiuping LIU 《国际泥沙研究》2006,21(3):230-237

1 INTRODUCTION China is rich in mountains. The mountainous area occupies 69% of the total land of the country. Thus, landslides frequently occur in the mountain areas of China. Landslides originating in subsurface soils are typical, and constitute approxi…  相似文献   

GIS支持下的小流域水土保持应用研究     

李中原  黄栋 《测绘科学技术学报》2007,24(Z1):1-3

以黄河水土保持生态工程邙山生态园区邙山小流域水土保持为例,基于GIS技术,采用高分辨率遥感卫星IKONOS和高精度1∶1万比例尺DEM数据源,对小流域土地利用、植被覆盖、土壤侵蚀等进行了分析,建立了一个初步的水土保持应用系统.实现了水土保持信息查询、水土保持系列制图、水文特征分析、土壤侵蚀量估算等功能,对推进空间信息技术在水土保持领域应用进行了有益的探索.  相似文献   

基于土壤侵蚀遥感调查的河流输沙量的计算     

陈曦川  钟邵南 《水文》1998,(6):14-18

河流泥沙来量的计算是工程水文计算的一个重要组成部分。有水文站观测资料的地方,输潲星的计算比较容易。而对于没有水文站分布或观测资料不足的边远地区,用常规无法计算出输沙星。  相似文献   

现代侵蚀作用核素示踪研究新进展   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

白占国  万国江 《地球科学进展》1998,13(3):232-237

利用放射性核素示踪环境地球化学过程是国际地球科学的前缘课题。介绍了利用宇宙线成因的短寿命散落核素⁷Be示踪土壤季节性侵蚀及其与湖泊沉积耦合关系的最新研究进展;证实了利用核爆炸散落核素¹³⁷Cs示踪累计性土壤侵蚀和沉积计年的可靠性;阐述了²²⁶Ra和²²⁸Ra在土壤中比活度的形态变化分异具有很好的侵蚀－堆积示踪价值;揭示了在不同生物化学条件下,²¹⁰Pb的行为特征和影响因素,并将²¹⁰Pb_ex示踪碳酸盐岩区域土壤侵蚀速率结果与湖泊沉积速率相耦合,证明了利用²¹⁰Pb示踪土壤侵蚀的可行性。  相似文献   

渭河流域东部全新世黄土-古土壤剖面光释光测年及其记录的土壤侵蚀事件   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

贾耀锋  黄春长  庞奖励  毛龙江  葛本伟 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2008,28(3)

在渭河流域东部老官台(LGT)全新世黄土-古土壤剖面中,系统采集了15个黄土释光测年样品,应用单片再生剂量法(SAR)对这些样品的细颗粒混合矿物进行了光释光(OSL)测年,测定结果表明:红外之后蓝光释光([post—IR]OSL)的年龄偏大,红外释光(IRSL)的年龄偏小或与蓝光释光(BLSL)的年龄基本一致,应用IRSL和BLSL信号测定的OSL年龄整体偏小可能与测定样品中长石矿物的异常衰退有关,而[post—IR]OSL信号由于很少发生异常衰退问题,使得其年龄可靠性更高。基于测定的[post-IR]OSL年龄,结合该剖面的磁化率和粒度指标,进一步探讨了渭河流域东部自全新世以来发生的两期土壤侵蚀事件,第1期土壤侵蚀事件发生在约12.40～9.34 kaBP,即全新世大暧期来临之前的气候转暖期间;第2期土壤侵蚀事件发生在约4.60～3.76 kaBP,即全新世大暖期即将结束、气候开始出现恶化、黄河中游地区夏文化发展的时期,这为深入探索夏代发生的大洪水事件及其气候背景提供了科学依据,本区两期显著的土壤侵蚀事件的发现,揭示了东亚季风系统的不稳定性,表现为千年到百年尺度上的快速变化。  相似文献   

全国水土流失180万平方公里     

《国土资源》2009,(5)

水利部部长陈雷近日强调，目前全国有180多万平方公里水土流失面积亟待治理，多年平均年土壤侵蚀量高达45亿吨左右，有3．6亿亩坡耕地和44．2万条侵蚀沟亟待治理，东北黑土区的保护和西南石漠化地区耕地资源的抢救都十分紧迫。  相似文献   

Managing Soil Erosion Potential by Integrating Digital Elevation Models with the Southern China＇s Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation——A Case Study for the West Lake Scenic Spots Area of Hangzhou, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Weiwu 《山地科学学报》2007,4(3):237-247

In China, many scenic and tourism areas are suffering from the urbanization that results from physical development of tourism projects, leading to the removal of the vegetative cover, the creation of areas impermeable to water, in-stream modifications, and other problems. In this paper, the risk of soil erosion and its ecological risks in the West Lake Scenic Spots （WLSS） area were quantitatively evaluated by integrating the revised universal soil loss equation （RUSLE） with a digital elevation model （DEM） and geographical information system （GIS） software. The standard RUSLE factors were modified to account for local climatic and topographic characteristics reflected in the DEM maps, and for the soil types and vegetation cover types. An interface was created between the Areinfo software and RUSLE so that the level of soil erosion and its ecological risk in the WLSS area could be mapped immediately once the model factors were defined for the area. The results from an analysis using the Areinfo-RUSLE interface showed that the risk value in 93 % of the expanding western part of the WLSS area was moderate or more severe and the soil erosion risk in this area was thus large compared with that in the rest of the area. This paper mainly aimed to increase the awareness of the soil erosion risk in urbanizing areas and suggest that the local governments should consider the probable ecological risk resulting from soil erosion when enlarging and developing tourism areas.  相似文献   

为了人民的安康——中国开展农业地质环境大调查——带毒的土地：不愿看到的现实     

石山 《国土资源》2004,(1):10-14

国以民为本。21世纪头20年中国要建成全面小康社会，小康社会的标准很多，经济状态，人均GDP，教育和科技水平，人均寿命和健康程度，生态环境，人和自然的亲和度，等等，这些标准构成一个社会发展准则，就是“以人为本”。  相似文献   

Changes in Land Use and Agricultural Production Structure Before and After the Implementation of Grain for Green Program in Western China–Taking Two Typical Counties as Examples   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

ZHOU Ping  WEN An-bang  YAN Dong-chun  SHI Zhong-lin  GUO Jin  JU Zhan-sheng  ZHANG Yi-lan 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):526-534

Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program （GGP）, which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian （in Chongqing Municipality） and Ansai （in Shaanxi Province） were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999-2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990-1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998-2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China.  相似文献   

Historical Sediment Record of ~(137)Cs, δ-HCH,and δ~(13)C Reflects the Impact of Land Use on Soil Erosion     

TANG Xiang-Yu  ;ZHANG Xin-Bao  ;GUAN Zhuo  ;LONG Yi  ;TANG Qiang  ;LU Yu-Juan 《山地科学学报》2014,11(4):866-874

This paper reports the concentrations of 137 Cs, hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDT) and its main degradation products, δ13C, and organic carbon in pond sediments(0-210 cm, sectioned by 2-20 cm interval) and surface soils(the 0-3 cm horizon) collected in 2010 from Chenjia catchment, which is located in Yanting county in the hilly central Sichuan of China. α-, δ-, and γ-HCH, DDT, and DDD were not detected throughout the sediment profile. Trace concentrations of δ-HCH(0.89-29.31 ng g-1) and p,p′-DDE(1.85-6.02 ng g-1) were detected only in top 40 cm sediment. The 137 Cs fallout peak in 1963(corresponding to the 55-60 cm depth), the sedimentary signature left by the last year of HCH use in 1989(an additional indicator at 20-25 cm), and the obvious original channel bed prior to the construction of the pond in 1956 were used as temporal markers to estimate changes in average sedimentation rate between different periods due to changes in land use. Continuous, marked decrease in average sedimentation rate(i.e., 3.79, 1.35 and 1.07 cm year-1 in 1956-1963, 1963-1989, and 1989-2010, respectively)over time was observed, probably due to the reforestation, abandoning of steep sloping farmland for afforestation and natural re-vegetation(implementation of the Grain for Green Program), and the conversion of part of gently sloping farmland terraces to orchard land since the 1980 s, especially since the 1990 s. This was corroborated by the observed decrease(more negative) in δ13C of sediment towards the surface, which indicates increased relative contribution of eroded soil particles coming from slopes with increased tree cover in sediment source area. Combined use of 137 Cs, δ-HCH, and δ13C record in sediments has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach to reconstruction of response in sedimentation rate to historical land use changes.  相似文献