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1.
渭河流域位于我国半干旱—半湿润季风环境敏感地带,保存其黄土-土壤地层的木炭屑提供了全新世以来的野火历史和气候变化的记录。通过对甘肃合水马家塬(MJY)和陕西扶风蒋阳村(JYC)全新世黄土-土壤剖面的磁化率、TOC、木炭屑研究分析表明:末次冰期11500aBP之前,渭河流域气候干旱,自然野火频繁发生,荒漠草原植被从内蒙古南部扩展到渭河流域;全新世早期(11500～8500aBP)野火发生频率大大降低;全新世适宜期(8500～3100aBP)气候温暖湿润的森林草原或混交森林景观环境下野火发生几率明显下降,但不同地点人类活动引发的火灾存在区域差异。全新世晚期近3100a以来,气候向干旱化发展,加之人类土地利用活动加剧,生物量燃烧的规模大范围增加,人为引发火灾比自然发生火灾更为普遍,从而导致土地资源退化,造成渭河流域北部旱作农业衰退和游牧部落的入侵。1500aBP以后,野火发生频率大大降低,可能由于渭河流域南部荒地已开垦殆尽,农田人工景观已基本建立,北部半农半牧经济也已确立,不再进行大规模放火烧荒,因而木炭屑浓度大幅度减少。 相似文献
2.
东海嵊山岛风尘黄土中的植物硅酸体与环境研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
东海岛屿风尘黄土地层的存在是下蜀黄土在东部的继续与延伸，红外释光测年（IRSL）表明，东海嵊山岛黄土剖面形成年代约为50－10kaBP，即形成于晚更新世末次冰期期间；植物硅酸体分析发现该剖面样品含有丰富的禾本科植物硅酸体化石，且在剖面中变化较大，在对植物硅酸体进行分类的基础上，运用了判别分析、冷暖比值判别和古植被类型判别的方法，对植物硅酸体所反映的古环境进行了分析，将岛屿风尘地层中的植物硅酸体划分为7个变化阶段，反映了岛屿黄土堆积期的7次气候变化过程，探讨了该地区末次冰期期间古环境、古气候变迁特征，发现该剖面沉积期间主要为干冷的草原环境且经过了一系列冷－暖气候变迁。 相似文献
3.
南海北部15 kaBP以来表层海水温度变化:来自海洋硅藻的记录 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对西太平洋边缘海148个表层硅藻样品中菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)及其小形变种(Thalassionema nitzschioidesvar.parva)的分布与表层海水温度(SST)之间关系进行研究,将菱形海线藻小形变种与所有菱形海线藻百分含量的比值(简称硅藻Rparva值)视为温度指数,开展南海北部MD05-2904孔附近海域15kaBP以来表层海水温度变化研究。结果表明:(1)南海北部15 kaBP以来表层海水温度呈现明显的阶段性波动特点,即末次冰消期气候转暖过程中,12.9~11.5 kaBP前后温度略有下降,与新仙女木事件对应,全新世南海北部气候依次经历了升温期、高温期和降温期3个变化阶段;(2)全新世大暖期鼎盛期结束后,南海北部海水温度阶段下降,两次明显降温分别发生于4 kaBP前后和1.5 kaBP前后;(3)MD05-2904孔硅藻Rparva值时间序列曲线与董哥洞D4石笋δ18O曲线对比表明,南海北部表层海水温度变化与末次冰消期以来东亚季风强度变化关系较为密切。 相似文献
4.
内蒙古黄旗海湖泊沉积物δ13Corg记录的环境演变信息 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
处于高纬度和高海拔地区的内蒙古黄旗海湖泊沉积物δ^13Corg变化反映了气候环境的变化.特殊的自然环境条件造成黄旗海湖泊沉积物δ^13Corg负段对应暖湿环境,偏正段对应冷干环境.自8.2 kaBP开始,δ^13Corg显著降低,表明本区气候转暖;8.2～4.0 kaBP是全新世大暖期,这一时期黄旗海为高湖面,在7.8 kaBP左右本区气候最为暖湿.4.0～2.2 kaBP,δ^13Corg明显偏正,指示气候变为冷干,全新世大暖期结束.在研究时段内δ^13Corg相对于-23.5‰均值的正负偏移主要反映了湖泊有机质生产率和保存条件的变化.这种变化与当时的气候,尤其是湖泊水位的波动有直接关系. 相似文献
5.
黄土高原定西鲁家沟黄土剖面15 ka以来的环境演变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据鲁家沟黄土剖面粒度、磁化率、有机质和碳酸盐含量等气候代用指标的变化和14C测年结果,分析和讨论了定西地区近15 cal.kaBP以来气候演化的过程。结果表明15 cal.kaBP以来的气候变化可划分为4个阶段:(1)末次冰期晚期(14900~11200 cal.aBP),气候较为寒冷干旱;(2)全新世早期(11200~7560 cal.aBP),气候开始转暖转湿,但整体上较为寒冷;(3)全新世中期(7560~3600 cal.aBP),气候温暖湿润,夏季风强盛;(4)全新世晚期(3600~1200 cal.aBP),气候变得干旱,夏季风强烈减退,风尘堆积旺盛,形成了现代黄土和表土层。该区末次冰期晚期以来的环境变化是不稳定的,气候存在频繁次级波动。1500~1200 cal.aBP的晚全新世期间,有机质含量出现峰值,表明气候总体向干旱化发展的同时,叠加了人类活动的影响。 相似文献
6.
腾格里沙漠西北缘湖泊沉积记录的全新世中期气候环境 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过腾格里沙漠西北缘青土湖沉积物粒度、有机碳、碳酸盐、碳氮比和有机质稳定同位素等多项沉积学气候代用指标及精确定年的综合分析,建立了该区域全新世中期9.0~3.0 cal.kaBP的古气候演化序列。结果表明,9~7.8 cal.kaBP期间,区域的水分条件和温度逐渐上升,植被状况好转,此阶段属于全新世早期向全新世暖湿期转变的过程;而在7.8~7.5 cal.kaBP期间出现了显著的百年尺度的干旱事件,沉积物主要以砂质沉积为主,此时湖泊生产力显著下降;全新世期间最为暖湿的气候适宜期出现在7.5~5.0 cal.kaBP;5.0 cal.kaBP以来,该区域出现了较为明显的干旱化趋势。 相似文献
7.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(2)
分析了青藏高原东南部羊八井七弄沟(QNG)地区泥炭中汞浓度含量指示温度变化的意义,通过与其他气候代用指标对比分析,发现泥炭汞能作为气候代用指标反映地区温度。QNG泥炭汞浓度变化记录了七弄沟地区全新世时期9.1~3.5kaBP的温度变化趋势,主要包括3个阶段:第Ⅰ阶段(约9.1~7.2kaBP),处于全新世大暖期,温度较高,波动下降;第Ⅱ阶段(约7.2~5.6kaBP),温度波动剧烈,存在5.9和6.3kaBP两个冷期;第Ⅲ阶段(约5.6~3.5kaBP),在频繁剧烈波动中温度下降。3个阶段分别反映了3次北大西洋浮冰事件(IRD)(8.2、5.9和4.2kaBP事件)。此外,在7.5、6.3、4.7kaBP左右也出现了变冷事件。利用REDFIT对QNG泥炭汞浓度进行红色噪声谱分析,发现其存在1 100、650、450、310以及110a周期,反映了青藏高原地区对不同等级太阳活动变化的响应。 相似文献
8.
靖边黄土剖面记录的末次冰期以来的气候变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
靖边黄土剖面位于黄土-沙漠的过渡区,能更加敏感地记录第四纪东亚季风气候变化。对位于靖边县南15km的三道沟黄土剖面(0～7.2m)进行年代学、磁化率、粒度、元素地球化学分析,粒度数据显示靖边黄土剖面沉积物以粉砂为主,占比高达80%以上;年龄曲线显示靖边黄土剖面存在千年尺度的沉积间断;元素地球化学数据表明,古土壤向黄土层中的元素迁移顺序为CaNaMgSiAlKFe,剖面黄土处于初级风化阶段;多指标综合分析表明,靖边黄土剖面末次冰期以来的气候变化经历了MIS3气候相对温暖湿润且震荡激烈、末次冰盛期气候极度冷干、冰消期气候好转和全新世气候温暖湿润4个阶段。 相似文献
9.
在格陵兰GISP2冰芯气候演化曲线及北半球30°～90°N全新世气候演化综合曲线的基础上,统合了中国东部地区近年获得的全新世洞穴石笋、黄土沉积、湖泊沉积等典型气候演化曲线,建立了全新世气候节律分期,划分了11个暖期(编号W1—W11),10个冷期(编号C1—C10).以此为基础,首次将中国东部全新世发生的洪水、海进、海... 相似文献
10.
青海湖湖东沙地全新世风成沉积物磁化率特征及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在亚洲季风控制区,黄土-古土壤序列中的磁化率能够很好地反映土壤成壤强度和区域沉积环境变化,但在风成砂-古土壤序列中磁化率的古气候意义仍有待研究。选取青海湖湖东沙地典型风成砂-古土壤序列,基于AMS14 C和光释光测年结果,结合土壤学中传统的土壤发育指标,对沉积物的磁化率特征及环境意义进行分析。研究表明在青海湖盆地风成砂-古土壤序列里,磁化率与成壤强度密切相关:(1)剖面磁化率总体表现为古土壤层最高、弱发育古土壤层次之和风成砂层最低的规律。相较低频磁化率χlf,频率磁化率χfd%能够更好、更细致地反映沉积环境的变化;(2)剖面中磁化率与成壤强度有关(正相关),因成壤作用对两剖面原始物源各粒级组分的改造程度不同,磁化率与黏粒和粉砂正相关;(3)基于剖面磁化率以及粒度特征的综合分析,将青海湖湖东沙地全新世以来气候环境划分为3个阶段:10kaBP以前气候冷干,成壤作用微弱;10~4kaBP气候暖湿,成壤作用显著;4kaBP至今,气候逐渐趋于冷干,成壤作用渐弱。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献