Depositional and Diagenetic Controls on Sandstone Reservoirs with Low Porosity and Low Permeability in the Eastern Sulige Gas Field,China     

YANG Renchao  FAN Aiping  A. J. van LOON  HAN Zuozhen  WANG Xiuping 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(5):1513-1534

In order to determine the genesis and the factors that control the low-porosity and low- permeability sandstone reservoirs in the eastern Sulige Gas Field in the Ordos Basin, systematic studies on the sedimentary facies and diagenesis were conducted by means of analysis of cores, thin sections, fluid inclusions, X-ray diffraction, cathode luminescence and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the sand bodies of the major gas reservoirs in the Shan1 section （P1S1） and the He8 section （P2H8） were formed during the Permian as sedimentary facies such as braided-channel bars, braided-river channels and point bars of a meandering river. Four types of diagenetic facies developed subsequently： in order from the best to the poorest properties these are type A （weak compaction, early calcite cement-chlorite film facies）, type B （moderate compaction, quartz overgrowth-feldspar corrosion-kaolinite filling facies）, type C （strong compaction, late calcite cement-quartz corrosion facies） and type D （matrix filling and strong compaction facies）. This diagenesis is undoubtedly the main reason for the poor reservoir properties of sandstone reservoirs, but the sedimentary facies are the underlying factors that greatly affect the diagenesis and thus the reservoir performance. Favorable diagenetic facies developed mainly in relatively small lithofacies such as braided-river channels, channel bars and point bars. The vertical distribution of the physical properties and the diagenetic facies of the reservoirs are related to the stratigraphic succession. Most of the sandstones between mudstones and thin beds of sandstone are unfavorable diagenetic facies. Analyses indicate that siliceous cementation can hardly be stopped by hydrocarbon filling. Authigenic chlorite could hardly protect the primary porosity. It not only occupies pore space, but also blocks pathways through sandstone reservoirs, so that it has significant influence on the permeability. Authigenic chlorite cannot be used as a marker for a  相似文献   

抗凝剂在沙虫体腔液扫描电镜样品制备中的应用     

唐晓山  屈菊兰 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(4):98-99

沙虫体腔液中含有多种细胞,包括红细胞、盘状细胞、吞噬细胞和一些尚未明确命名的细胞。在对其体腔液细胞组成进行扫描电镜观察中发现:未添加抗凝剂-肝素的样品各种细胞黏附成团,细胞明显变形,未能反映出细胞的真实形态;而肝素通过抑制红细胞凝血酶原转变成凝血酶等多步凝血反应,能有效的抑制体腔液中细胞间的凝结,从而观测到均匀散布、形态正常的细胞形态,为进一步实验提供图像依据。1实验样品与测试方法1.1实验材料的制备磷酸缓冲液戊二醛固定液配方:A液:磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4·7H2O)7.164 g加双蒸水定容至100mL,B液:磷酸二氢钠(NaH2P…  相似文献   

冲击回转钻进条件下硬质合金钻头柱齿磨损机理     

朴金石  殷琨  赵志强  范黎明 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(1):195-199

减缓钻头硬质合金柱齿的磨损速度,对提高钻头工作效率、延长钻头使用寿命、降低钻进成本等具有重要意义。在利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对钻头柱齿详细观测的基础上,提出了风动潜孔锤钻头硬质合金柱齿新的劣化机理和磨损机理:劣化机理包括混合规模裂隙的形成、WC颗粒规模裂隙形成和WC颗粒的氧化和腐蚀;磨损机理包括WC颗粒的破碎和碎片释放、整体或部分WC颗粒的脱离、碳化物的摩擦化学磨损等。分析了边齿因回转线速度大,磨损也增大,WC颗粒的破碎和碎片释放量增大而磨耗严重的机理;因WC颗粒的整体脱离使柱齿产生较大面积的磨损,导致钻进效率的大幅度降低;给出了钻头柱齿必须及时加以修磨的合理使用方法。  相似文献   

抗凝剂在沙虫体腔液扫描电镜样品制备中的应用     

唐晓山  屈菊兰 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(4):98-99

沙虫体腔液中含有多种细胞，包括红细胞、盘状细胞、吞噬细胞和一些尚未明确命名的细胞。在对其体腔液细胞组成进行扫描电镜观察中发现：未添加抗凝剂一肝素的样品各种细胞黏附成团，细胞明显变形，未能反映出细胞的真实形态；而肝素通过抑制红细胞凝血酶原转变成凝血酶等多步凝血反应，能有效的抑制体腔液中细胞间的凝结，从而观测到均匀散布、形态正常的细胞形态，为进一步实验提供图像依据。  相似文献   

Characterization of calcium deposition induced by Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 in BG11 culture medium   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闫华晓  韩作振  赵辉  周仕学  迟乃杰  韩梅  寇小燕  张艳  徐琳琳  田晨晨  秦松 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(3):503-510

Calcium carbonate （CaCO3） crystals in their preferred orientation were obtained in BG11 culture media inoculated with Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 （inoculated BG11）. In this study, the features of calcium carbonate deposition were investigated. Inoculated BGll in different calcium ion concentrations was used for the experimental group, while the BGll culture medium was used for the control group. The surface morphologies of the calcium carbonate deposits in the experimental and control groups were determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The deposits were analyzed by electronic probe micro-analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the surfaces of the crystals in the experimental group were hexahedral in a scaly pattern. The particle sizes were micrometer-sized and larger than those in the control group. The deposits of the control group contained calcium （Ca）, carbon （C）, oxygen （O）, phosphorus （P）, iron （Fe）, copper （Cu）, zinc （Zn）, and other elements. The deposits in the experimental group contained Ca, C, and O only. The deposits of both groups contained calcite. The thermal decomposition temperature of the deposits in the control group was lower than those in the experimental group. It showed that the CaCO3 deposits of the experimental group had higher thermal stability than those of the control group. This may be due to the secondary metabolites produced by the algae cells, which affect the carbonate crystal structure and result in a close-packed structure. The algae cells that remained after thermal weight loss were heavier in higher calcium concentrations in BGll culture media. There may be more calcium- containing crystals inside and outside of these cells. These results shall be beneficial for understanding the formation mechanism of carbonate minerals.  相似文献   

Ultrastructure Developments During Spermiogenesis in Polydora ciliata （Annelida： Spionidae）,a Parasite of Mollusca     

GAO Yan  ;ZHANG Tao  ;ZHANG Libin  ;QIU Tianlong  ;XUE Dongxiu  ;YANG Hongsheng 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(6):1071-1077

Spionid worms of Polydora ciliata inhabit the shells of many commercially important bivalves and cause disease in molluscan aquaculture. Their sperm structure is closely related to their fertilization method. To give an insight into the sperm structure and spermatogenesis, ultrastructure details of the subcellular components of germ cells during spermiogenesis of Polydora ciliata are detected by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. In P. ciliata, during spermiogenesis, chromatin is regularly arranged as dense fibrils and becomes more condensed when the nucleus elongates. Microtubules do not surround the nucleus during its elon- gation. The Golgi phase is characterized by the formation of proacrosomal granules within the Golgi apparatus. The proacrosomal granules fuse to form a single, spherical acrosomal vesicle that migrates to the anterior pole of the cell. At the time of nuclear con- densation, mitochondria become reduced in number but increased in size, causing deep indentation at the base of the nucleus. The mid-piece has a few mitochondria. The cap phase includes the spreading of the acrosomal granule over the surface of the nucleus of the differentiating spermatid. The acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis is typically associated with changes in the shape of the nucleus, acrosome and tail. The relationship of sperm ultrastructure to spermiogenesis in spionidae species was discussed.  相似文献   

羟基磷灰石除氟的实验地球化学研究          下载免费PDF全文

任超  王洪涛  季峻峰  李伟 《高校地质学报》2016,22(2):289

中国和世界上许多国家（地区） 都面临着饮用水氟含量超标的问题,因此研究氟的环境地球化学行为以及探索除氟 技术和原理至关重要。本实验采用廉价的非金属矿物羟基磷灰石作为吸附材料,研究羟基磷灰石吸附溶解态F-的地球化学 行为和机制,考察反应时间、pH、初始F-浓度等环境参数对吸附反应的影响。实验结果发现羟基磷灰石对F-的吸附反应需 进行到48 h以上时才接近反应平衡。在实验条件下（pH≥4）,F-的吸附量随pH升高而降低,羟基磷灰石对F-的吸附受pH 调控。同时还发现羟基磷灰石在pH=6条件下对F-的吸附等温线既满足Langmuir等温模式（R2=0.89） 同时也满足Freundlich 等温模式（R2=0.99）,并推导出该条件的理论最大吸附量为21.6×10-3。本研究还进一步采用了先进的XRD、SEM、 HR-TEM、19F NMR手段,系统地表征了反应前后吸附产物的形态和成分变化,发现在高F-浓度条件下,F-在羟基磷灰石表 面的吸附机制不再是单层的表面配位。核磁共振的结果表明F-可部分取代羟基磷灰石结构中的隧道羟基而形成含氟羟基磷 灰石。研究结果表明羟基磷灰石是一种相当具有潜力的除氟材料,值得进一步开发。  相似文献   

企鹅珍珠贝矿化基因表达模式和贝壳超微结构对珍珠质层颜色影响的研究     

张佳谊  杨蕾  陈一  王爱民  战欣 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(1):113-119

为探究企鹅珍珠贝贝壳内表面珍珠质层不同区域颜色差异形成的原因,选取9个生物矿化相关基因,利用实时荧光定量PCR扩增技术对其在外套膜不同部位的表达水平进行测定,并利用扫描电子显微镜对贝壳珍珠质层不同区域的内表面及纵断面的微观结构进行观察.结果 表明:有8个矿化基因在企鹅珍珠贝外套膜远端膜区和中央膜区的表达量具有显著差异(...  相似文献   

天然金刚石中位错的直接观察     

韩勇  陈美华 《地学前缘》2005,12(1):181-181

矿物及其所处环境的发展演化历史往往是以形成结构缺陷的方式记录在矿物内部。金刚石形成于地幔深部,天然金刚石中的位错组态在很大程度上反映了金刚石的地质成因直至地幔岩石圈性质及演化等重要问题(郑建平等．1994)。但迄今为止,对天然金刚石中位错的了解主要建立在一些间接实验和理论推测的基础上,由于得天然金刚石制备成透射电镜薄膜试样极其困难．从而缺乏用透射电子显微镜直接观察其位错形态分布的结果。  相似文献   

An Overview of the Semi-arid Climate and Environment Research Observatory over the Loess Plateau   总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17  

HUANG Jianping  ZHANG Wu  ZUO Jinqing  BI Jianrong  SHI Jinsen  WANG Xin  CHANG Zhoulin  HUANG Zhongwei  YANG Su  ZHANG Beidou  WANG Guoyin  FENG Guanghong  YUAN Jiuyi  ZHANG Lei  ZUO Hongchao  WANG Shigong  FU Congbin  CHOU Jifan 《大气科学进展》2008,25(6):906-921

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