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在中国控制SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)疫情扩散与蔓延的大量科学实践活动基础上,从人地系统科学的理论和观点出发,提出了各种致病因子在人地互动过程中转移路径的逻辑模型,进而又提出了控制SARS疫情发展的人地互动逻辑模型。从后一个模型出发,把中国SARS疫情的发展规律归纳为5种传播模式,即异类病毒转移传播模式、家庭和社区接触传播模式、医院和门诊感染传播模式、市内随机扩散传播模式和飞点跳跃跨区传播模式。其中,跨区传播模式的影响最广泛、危害最巨大、控制起来最艰巨、复 相似文献
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制备鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)全菌灭活疫苗浸泡免疫牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus),分别于免疫后0h、4h、8h、12h、24h、48h、72h、96h、7d、14d取脾、头肾、鳃组织,提取m RNA,应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测3种组织中Toll-like受体(TLR)2、TLR5M、髓样分化因子My D88、核转录因子(NF)-κB、白介素(IL)-6、干扰素(IFN)γ、趋化因子CXC、补体C3、热休克蛋白(HSP)70、T细胞表面分子CD4、自然杀伤细胞增强因子(NKEF)十一种免疫相关基因的表达变化。结果显示,免疫后除TLR5M、NKEF以外其它九种基因表达均显著上调,表达高峰出现在24—72h,基因表达量最高值是对照组的2—12倍;TLR5M的表达量与对照组无显著差异;NKEF基因的表达量出现显著下调趋势,下调峰值出现在24h,为对照组的0.49倍。在脾脏和肾脏中,NF-κB和CD4基因的表达峰值高于鳃;在脾脏和鳃中,IL-6、HSP70和NKEF基因的表达峰值均高于头肾;IFNγ、CXC、C3和My D88在三个组织中的表达峰值差异不大。在三个组织中每个基因表达峰值出现的时间基本一致。结果表明,浸泡免疫后,IL-6和HSP70基因在三个组织中的表达变化迅速、且丰度高,可以作为疫苗浸泡免疫后的效果评价指标;除肾和脾主要的免疫器官外,鳃也是浸泡免疫后重要的检测组织。研究结果为浸泡免疫疫苗效果的评价积累了数据。 相似文献
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鱼用生物工程疫苗研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
鱼用疫苗的研究可上溯到20世纪40年代,1942年加拿大学者Duff[1]应用灭活的杀鲑产气单胞菌免疫硬头鳟获得成功,开创了鱼类疫苗研究的先河。随后数十年间,各国学者对鱼用疫苗进行了大量研究,这些疫苗大致可分为两类:减毒疫苗、灭活疫苗。前者是通过改变培养条件,或在异种动物体内 相似文献
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Bacterin was prepared by formalin-inactivating the virulent strain of Vibrio hollisae isolated from diseased Seriola dumerili (amberjack) suffering from vibriosis. Healthy S. dumeriIi were vaccinated by respective procedures of intramuscular injection, immersion, and orally administration. Results of the three different vaccinations were compared. Blood was drawn from the vaccinated fish every 7 days, and the antibody titers and lysozyme activities of the sera were determined. The antibody titer of injected fish was 1:40 at 7 d, and reached its peak of 1:320 at 28 d, while the fish vaccinated by immersion and orally administration exhibited weak antibody responses, the antibody titres of 〈1:10, 1:20, 1:160 were observed at 7 d, 14 d, 35 d respectively. Compared with the control, the vaccinated fish exhibited significantly higher lysozyme activities (P〈0.05). Upon challenge with virulent strain, the relative percent survival (RPS) of injected, immersed and oral administrated fish were 75%, 45%, and 40% respectively, and the injected fish showed significantly higher RPS than immersed and oral administrated fish. The results suggested that vaccination of S. dumerili by the injection would be the best strategy to prevent the vibriosis in S. dumerili farm. 相似文献
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