1998年冬季台湾海峡的暖水入侵及其生态响应     

商少凌  洪华生  商少平  张彩云 《遥感学报》2001,5(4):383-387

就1998年2－3月台湾海峡AVHRR表层水温和SeaWiFS叶绿素数据以及当年2月20日至3月8日在台湾海峡北部海区所实施的多学科现场调查资料进行综合分析，着重探讨暖水入侵的过程及其生态响应。结果表明，1998年冬季由澎湖水道北上进入台湾海峡的高温高盐黑潮入侵水强度大于往年，在2月8日－3月13日期间不断增强，直至侵占整个海峡东侧海域，迫使低温低盐且富含营养盐的闽浙沿岸水主流顺大陆沿岸南下。这一过程向海峡西侧海域输入营养盐并使之达到适宜的水温，极可能是西侧海域出现叶绿素高值区、呈现出与往年相反的叶绿素分布态势的主控机制。分析这一现象与1997－1998年的E1 Nino事件可能存在着某种关联。  相似文献   

应用遥感数据研究中国植被生态系统与气候的关系   总被引：48，自引：2，他引：48  

赵茂盛  符淙斌  延晓冬  温刚 《地理学报》2001,56(3):287-296

应用1982-1994年NOAA/AVHRR的归一化植被指数（NDVI）资料和587个气象台站的数据对我国不同类型植被生态系统和气候的关系进行研究，首先将我国的植被类型划分为21类，在此基础上分别研究了不同时间尺度下我国不同区域，不同植被类型和气候的关系。结果表明：在多年平均状态下，植被生态系统NDVI水平主要受水分条件的影响；年内变化上，温度对植被生态系统季相变化化起着比降水略大的作用，年降水量造成了植被季相响应的差异，在年际变化上，分别研究了4个季节和整个生长期尺度上的关系，一般情形为温度和降水对植被的年际波动起着大致相反的作用，不同植被类型在不同的生长时期（季节）对气候的变化响应方式也不同，发现在植被的生长期，我国南方和北方的植被生态系统对温度和降水的响应方式相反；同时存在2个植被-气候敏感区，分别为我国北方的典型草原到森林的过渡区和云南中部部分区域。  相似文献   

青藏高原地表反照率计算研究   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13  

方宗义  刘玉洁  林曼筠 《气象学报》1996,54(5):580-589

根据改进的甚高分辨率扫描辐射仪（ＡＶＨＲＲ）５个观测波段的光谱特征，经多次试验，设计了一组从卫星观测的地－气系统的辐射测值中提取晴空资料的多通道门槛值判识法和提取月平均反照率的合成法；并对１９９２年ＮＯＡＡ－１２卫星获取的ＡＶＨＲＲ资料进行计算处理，分析提取晴空数据，在此基础上按卫星轨道覆盖周期合成计算得到的晴空行星反照率和地表反照率，并且计算了逐月的地表反照率。对计算结果做了初步分析和认真比较。  相似文献   

青藏高原非均匀地表区域能量通量的研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

马耀明  仲雷  田辉  孙方林  苏中波  Massimo Menenti 《遥感学报》2006,10(4):542-547

卫星遥感在研究青藏高原非均匀地表区域能量通量和蒸发（蒸散）量时有其独到的作用。本文介绍了基于NOAA-14 AVHRR和Landsat TM资料推算藏北高原地区区域地表特征参数、植被参数及区域地表热通量的方案，并把其用于GAME／Tibet（全球能量水循环之亚洲季风青藏高原试验研究）和CAMP／Tibet（“全球协调加强观测计划（CEOP）亚澳季风之青藏高原试验研究”）试验区。并指出了此方法估算青藏高原非均匀地表区域地表能量通量和蒸发（蒸散）量时存在的难点问题和解决问题的可能途径。  相似文献   

Estimation of potential evapotranspiration over the Yellow River basin: reference crop evaporation or Shuttleworth–Wallace?     

M. C. Zhou  H. Ishidaira  K. Takeuchi 《水文研究》2007,21(14):1860-1874

Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a key input to hydrological models. Its estimation has often been via the Penman–Monteith (P–M) equation, most recently in the form of an estimate of reference evapotranspiration (RET) as recommended by FAO‐56. In this paper the Shuttleworth–Wallace (S–W) model is implemented to estimate PET directly in a form that recognizes vegetation diversity and temporal change without reference to experimental measurements and without calibration. The threshold values of vegetation parameters are drawn from the literature based on the International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme land cover classification. The spatial and temporal variation of the LAI of vegetation is derived from the composite NOAA‐AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using a method based on the SiB2 model, and the Climate Research Unit database is used to provide the required meteorological data. All these data inputs are publicly and globally available. Consequently, the implementation of the S–W model developed in this study is applicable at the global scale, an essential requirement if it is to be applied in data‐poor or ungauged large basins. A comparison is made between the FAO‐56 method and the S–W model when applied to the Yellow River basin for the whole of the last century. The resulting estimates of RET and PET and their association with vegetation types and leaf area index (LAI) are examined over the whole basin both annual and monthly and at six specific points. The effect of NDVI on the PET estimate is further evaluated by replacing the monthly NDVI product with the 10‐day product. Multiple regression relationships between monthly PET, RET, LAI, and climatic variables are explored for categories of vegetation types. The estimated RET is a good climatic index that adequately reflects the temporal change and spatial distribution of climate over the basin, but the PET estimated using the S–W model not only reflects the changes in climate, but also the vegetation distribution and the development of vegetation in response to climate. Although good statistical relationships can be established between PET, RET and/or climatic variables, applying these relationships likely will result in large errors because of the strong non‐linearity and scatter between the PET and the LAI of vegetation. It is concluded that use of the implementation of the S–W model described in this study results in a physically sound estimate of PET that accounts for changing land surface conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

AVHRR分裂窗算法反演高山草甸地表温度精度评估     

闵文彬  李跃清 《四川气象》2014,(2):44-47

利用理塘县高山草甸地表温度实测数据,分析6种常用AVHRR分裂窗算法的精度,为青藏高原地区地表温度的卫星反演提供技术支持.结果表明：6种常用AVHRR分裂窗算法反演地表温度与实测值之间有很好的线性正相关关系,反演温度与实测温度最大偏差3.36K,最大平均绝对误差2.25k,最小平均绝对误差0.77K.给出了反演高山草甸地表温度的AVHRR分裂窗算法建议.  相似文献   

SST variations of the Kuroshio from AVHRR observation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张彩云  陈戈 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2006,24(4):345-351

1 INTRODUCTION The Kuroshio Current (KC), being the western boundary current in the North Pacific subtropical gyre, is the second strongest current in the world af- ter the Gulf Stream and is famous as a strong and fast flow. KC plays an important role in…  相似文献   

Estimation of Land Surface Temperature over the Tibetan Plateau Using AVHRR and MODIS Data   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZHONG Lei  MA Yaoming  Zhongbo SU  Mhd. Suhyb SALAMA 《大气科学进展》2010,27(5):1110-1118

Estimation of large-scale land surface temperature from satellite images is of great importance for the study of climate change. This is especially true for the most challenging areas, such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this paper, two split window algorithms (SWAs), one for the NOAA’s Advanced Very High Resolu-tion Radiometer (AVHRR), and the other for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), were applied to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) over the TP simultaneously. AVHRR and M...  相似文献   

NOAA卫星沙尘暴光谱特征分析及信息提取研究   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7  

郭铌  倾继祖 《高原气象》2004,23(5):643-647,i001,i002

通过对2000—2002年多次沙尘暴过程NOAA卫星AVHRR资料的分析,研究了沙尘、云、沙漠、戈壁、积雪、裸地、植被等不同目标物的光谱特性,发现沙尘暴在AVHRR-2中各通道均有不同程度的反映。1,2通道中沙尘的反射率较高(介于云和沙漠之间);4,5通道的亮温低于晴空地表高于云;在3通道中沙尘表现的很独特,其亮度温度为所有研究目标物中最高的,表明通道3包含较多的沙尘信息,AVHRR-3取代AVHRR-2后对监测沙尘有不利影响。在此基础上提出定量提取沙尘信息的两种沙尘判识指数,并利用沙尘判识指数成功地提取多次沙尘暴过程的沙尘信息。结果表明：利用多通道组合沙尘判识指数能够对沙尘信息进行有效提取。  相似文献   

Mediterranean desertification and land degradation: Mapping related land use change syndromes based on satellite observations   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J. Hill  M. Stellmes  Th. Udelhoven  A. Rder  S. Sommer 《Global and Planetary Change》2008,64(3-4):146

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