在GIS支持下用NOAA/AVHRR数据进行旱情监测   总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20  

武晓波  阎守邕  田国良  王世新  肖春生 《遥感学报》1998,2(4):280-284

旱灾是影响农作物生产的一种重大自然灾害,它对中国北方春小麦生产的影响极大。本文介绍了一个应用遥感、ＧＩＳ技术对黄淮海平原春小麦的旱情进行监测的系统及其方法。它综合使用的ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ数据、地面气象资料和地图,选用作物缺水指数（ＣＷＳＩ）模型和热惯理模型对旱情进行监测。监测结果分别用分县的旱情等级分布图和相应不同等级的旱情面积、面积比例数统计表来表示。该系统自１９９４年起投入运行３年,监测结果  相似文献   

渤海、黄海、东海AVHRR海表温度场的季节变化特征   总被引：28，自引：9，他引：28  

鲍献文  万修全  高郭平  吴德星 《海洋学报》2002,24(5):125-133

海表温度场表征了海洋热力、动力过程和海洋与大气相互作用的综合结果.它不仅是研究海面水汽和热量交换的一个重要物理参数,也为海洋环流、水团、海洋锋、上升流和海水混合等海洋学课题的研究提供一种直观的指示量.20世纪60年代以来,我国海洋工作者在历次海上观测和台站资料的基础上,对渤海、黄海、东海表层温度的空间分布和变化进行了较为详细的分析研究[1～4],并绘制了系列的水温气候图集.这些研究成果对认识黄海、东海海域的平均海表温度场的分布、变化以及相关物理海洋现象的研究起到了重要的作用.  相似文献   

Hawaii Cyclonic Eddies and Blue Marlin Catches: The Case Study of the 1995 Hawaiian International Billfish Tournament   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Michael P. Seki  Rick Lumpkin  Pierre Flament 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(5):739-745

The combination of prevailing northeasterly tradewinds and island topography results in the formation of vigorous, westward propagating cyclonic eddies in the lee of the Hawaiian Islands on time scales of 50–70 days. These mesoscale (∼10² km) features are nowhere more conspicuous or spin up more frequently than in the Alenuihaha Channel between the Island of Maui and the Big Island of Hawaii. Cyclonic eddies in subtropical waters such as those around Hawaii vertically displace the underlying nutricline into the overlying, nutrient-depleted euphotic zone creating localized biologically enhanced patches. Insight into how these eddies may directly influence pelagic fish distribution is provided by examination of recreational fish catch data coinciding with the presence of eddies on the fishing grounds. We highlight the 1995 Hawaii International Billfish Tournament in which a cyclonic eddy dominated the ocean conditions during the weeklong event and the fish catch distribution differed significantly from the average historical tournament catch patterns. On the tournament fishing grounds, well-mixed surface layers and strong current flows induced by the eddy's presence characterized the inshore waters where the highest catches of the prized Pacific blue marlin (Makaira mazara) occurred, suggesting possible direct (e.g., physiological limitations) or indirect (e.g., prey availability) biological responses of blue marlin to the prevailing environment. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Empirical regression models using NDVI, rainfall and temperature data for the early prediction of wheat grain yields in Morocco     

Riad Balaghi  Bernard Tychon  Herman Eerens  Mohammed Jlibene   《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008,10(4):438

In Morocco, no operational system actually exists for the early prediction of the grain yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study proposes empirical ordinary least squares regression models to forecast the yields at provincial and national levels. The predictions were based on dekadal (10-daily) NDVI/AVHRR, dekadal rainfall sums and average monthly air temperatures. The Global Land Cover raster map (GLC2000) was used to select only the NDVI pixels that are related to agricultural land. Provincial wheat yields were assessed with errors varying from 80 to 762 kg ha⁻¹, depending on the province. At national level, wheat yield was predicted at the third dekad of April with 73 kg ha⁻¹ error, using NDVI and rainfall. However, earlier forecasts are possible, starting from the second dekad of March with 84 kg ha⁻¹ error, at least 1 month before harvest. At the provincial and national levels, most of the yield variation was accounted for by NDVI. The proposed models can be used in an operational context to early forecast wheat yields in Morocco.  相似文献   

黑河实验区AVHRR反射率资料的各向异性订正   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5  

吴艾笙 《高原气象》1990,9(2):136-144,T003

本文利用1988年9月黑河实验预试验期晴天AVHRR资料分析了实验区反射率观测值和植被指数对卫星观测角的依赖关系,讨论了应用Taylor和Stowe的各向异性订正函数对反射率观测值进行订正的效果及存在的问题。分析结果表明:Taylor和Stowe的订正函数的应用有较好的订正效果,但对高反射率的戈壁沙漠和低反射率的山地森林地区仍存在一定偏差。植被指数基本上不依赖于卫星观测角,但观测区处在星下点附近时测得的植被指数值要比远离星下点时大一些。  相似文献   

Evaluating the Impact of Drought Using Remote Sensing in a Mediterranean,Semi-arid Region   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano 《Natural Hazards》2007,40(1):173-208

This paper analyses monthly differences in drought impact on vegetation activity in a semi-arid region in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula between 1987 and 2000. The study determines spatial differences in the effects of drought on the natural vegetation and agricultural crops by means of the joint use of vegetation indexes derived from AVHRR images, a drought index (standardized precipitation index), and Geographic Information Systems. The results show that the effect of drought on vegetation varies noticeably between areas, a pattern that is determined mainly by the location of land-cover types. The influence also varies each month and, in general, is higher during the spring and summer. Aridity and vegetation characteristics similarly account, in part, for spatial differences in the impact of drought on vegetation. In general, the most arid areas, where vegetation cover and activity are low, are those in which the interannual variability of vegetation activity is more determined by the drought occurrence. In assessing drought impact, this analysis takes into account the effects of drought on the vegetation and also considers spatial and seasonal differences. The results should be useful for the management of natural vegetation and crops and for the development of better drought mitigation strategies.  相似文献   

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

C. Bhuiyan  R.P. Singh  F.N. Kogan 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006,8(4):289-302

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.  相似文献   

推算NOAA AVHRR 1、2通道衰减率的一种方法          下载免费PDF全文

吴艾笙  钟强 《应用气象学报》1993,4(4):514-420

给出了一种确定NOAA AVHRR可见光（通道1）和近红外（通道2）辐射仪传感器衰减率的方法。首先在中国西部沙漠地区选择38个沙漠目标区（尺度为20 km×20 km），用同一卫星相隔多年的两个不同时期的晴天过境观测资料，建立各自的观测反射率与卫星天顶角的函数关系。通过两个不同时期的函数关系的比较，用逐步回归法确定出传感器的衰减率。用1985年10月与1988年9月NOAA-9 AVHRR资料推算其通道1与通道2的衰减率分别为5.8%/年和4.6%/年。该方法也适用于不同NOAA卫星间的定标归一化。  相似文献   

Mapping land degradation by comparison of vegetation production to spatially derived estimates of potential production   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

K.J. Wessels  S.D. Prince  I. Reshef 《Journal of Arid Environments》2008,72(10):1940-1949

There is an urgent need for quantitative methods by which actual, as opposed to potential degradation can be mapped using spatially consistent criteria for large regions. This study tested the Local NPP Scaling (LNS) method, where the growth season sum NDVI (∑NDVI), a surrogate for productivity, of each pixel was expressed relative to the highest values (90th percentile) of ∑NDVI observed in all pixels falling within the same land capability unit (LCU). The objective of this study was to determine if the LNS approach can be used to map degraded areas: (i) by determining if areas with low LNS values co-occur with degraded areas mapped with Landsat TM and (ii) testing the persistence of these areas over multiple years. Most of the areas with low LNS values did coincide with degraded areas, with the exception of four LCUs, which either contained steep precipitation gradients or landscape variability, which probably obscured the human impacts. The performance of the LNS method is therefore largely determined by the level of detail of the stratification data (e.g. LCUs) used. The conclusion is that the LNS method is a valuable tool for mapping land degradation at a regional scale.  相似文献   

基于NOAA/AVHRR和Terra/MODIS数据的植被指数季节信息比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郝成元  马春艳  朱宗泽 《地理与地理信息科学》2009,25(6)

依据云南省中部地区的气候系统和地形地貌的区域差异,选择西南山地和东部高原地区为对比区,应用ArcGIS 9.2点面结合分析了AVHRR-NDVI、MODIS-NDVI及MODIS-EVI 3种植被指数对植被季节性变化的敏感度.结果显示:MODIS-EVI在消除影响因素方面效果最好,其与植被覆盖度的线性关系得到明显改善,尤其是在高植被覆盖区表现良好,既避免了植被指数饱和问题的产生,又削弱了大气云雨、地形地貌及土壤背景的影响程度,为遥感定量研究陆地植被提供了数据保证,尤其是涉及有关植被季节性信息的研究.  相似文献