Radiation-induced defects in quartz. II. Single-crystal W-band EPR study of a natural citrine quartz   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Yuanming Pan  Mark J. Nilges  Rudolf I. Mashkovtsev 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2008,35(7):387-397

Single-crystal electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of a natural citrine quartz without any artificial irradiation, measured at W-band frequencies (∼94 GHz) and temperatures of 77, 110 and 298 K, allow better characterization of three previously-reported Centers (#6, #7 and B) and discovery of three new defects (B′, C′ and G′). The W-band EPR spectra reveal that Centers #6 and #7 do not reside on twofold symmetry axes, contrary to results from a previous X-band EPR study. The W-band spectra also show that the previously reported Center B is a mixture of two defects (B and B′) with similar g matrices but different-sized ²⁷Al hyperfine structures. Center C′ has similar principal g values to the previously reported Center C but is distinct from the latter by a larger ²⁷Al hyperfine structure with splittings from 0.10 to 0.22 mT. Also, Center G′ has a similar g matrix to the previously reported Center G but a different ²⁷Al hyperfine structure with splittings from 0.41 to 0.53 mT. These spin-Hamiltonian parameters, together with observed thermal properties and microwave-power dependence, suggest that Centers #6 and #7 probably represent O₂³⁻ type defects. Centers B and B′ are probably superoxide radicals (O₂⁻) with the unpaired spin localized on the same pair of oxygen atoms around a missing Si atom but linked to a substitutional Al³⁺ ion each at different neighboring tetrahedral sites. Similarly, Centers G and G′ are most likely superoxide radicals with the unpaired spin localized on another pair of oxygen atoms around a missing Si atom and linked to a substitutional Al³⁺ ion each at different neighboring tetrahedral sites. Center C′ is probably an ozonide radical associated with a missing Si atom and linked to a substitutional Al³⁺ ion at the neighboring tetrahedral site. This study exemplifies the value of  high-frequency EPR for discrimination of  similar defect centers and determination of  small local structural distortions that are often difficult to resolve in conventional  X- and Q-band EPR studies.  相似文献   

Catchment scale spatial variability of soil salt content in agricultural oasis,Northwest China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Yugang Wang  Yan Li  Duning Xiao 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(2):439-446

Soil salinization is a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, estimating spatial variability of soil salinity plays an important role in environmental sciences. Aiming at the problem of soil salinization inside an oasis, a case study was carried out at the Sangong River catchment in Xinjiang province, northwest China. Methods of classical statistics, geostatistics, remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) were applied to estimate the spatial variability of soil salt content in the topsoil (0–20 cm) and its relationship with landscape structure at catchment scale. The objective of this study was to provide a scientific basis to understand the heterogeneous of spatial distribution of soil salt content at a large scale. The results revealed that (1) elevation of landform was a key factor for soil salt content’s spatial variability, and soil salt content had a strong spatial autocorrelation, which was mainly induced by structural factors. (2) Mapping of soil salt content by Kriging and comparing it with landscape maps showed that area of soil salinization in old oasis was smaller than that in new oasis, and degree of soil salinization in old oasis was also lower than that in the new one. Among all landscapes, cropland was mostly affected by salinity, with 38.8% of the cropland in new oasis moderately affected by soil salinity, and 8.54% in old oasis.  相似文献   

非均匀下垫面局地气候效应的数值模拟   总被引：18，自引：24，他引：18  

高艳红  吕世华 《高原气象》2001,20(4):354-361

使用美国NCAR非静力平衡模式MM 5V3,模拟了黑河地区非均匀下垫面局地小气候效应 ,再现了山谷风环流及夏季“绿洲效应”、沙漠上的“逆湿”和由于地表热力分布不均匀引起的绿洲—沙漠垂直环流等绿洲—沙漠相互作用的典型特征 ,较全面地揭示了非均匀地表大气边界层内的风、温、湿度场与陆面相互作用的物理机理 ,验证了野外实验的结果  相似文献   

新疆绿洲经济规模与结构对可持续发展的影响   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：11  

杨德刚  倪天麒  李新 《干旱区地理》2001,24(3):206-211

在简单介绍新疆经济发展概况的基础上，从可持续发展思想出发，分析了新疆绿洲经济发展与绿洲可持续发展的关系，给出了绿洲可持续发展的简单概念模型。重点从绿洲经济规模和结构两方面分析了工农业发展对绿洲可持续发展的影响，并对绿洲可持续发展的若干问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

The origin of chloritoid – 3‐mica pseudomorph growth in staurolite–muscovite schist,Bangriposi (Eastern India)          下载免费PDF全文

N. Prabhakar  A. Bhattacharya  P. K. Mukherjee 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2016,34(5):463-482

At Bangriposi, variable stages in replacement of staurolite by chloritoid – Na–K–Ca mica shimmer aggregates in muscovite schists provides insight into the complex interplay between fluid flow, mass transfer, and dissolution–precipitation during pseudomorph growth. Idioblastic chloritoid growing into mica caps without causing visible deformation, and monomineralic chloritoid veins (up to 300 μm wide) within shimmer aggregates replacing staurolite attest to chloritoid nucleation in fluid‐filled conduits along staurolite grain boundaries and crystallographic planes. The growth of shimmer aggregates initiated along staurolite margins, and advanced inwards into decomposing staurolite along networks of crystallographically controlled fluid‐filled conduits. Coalescence among alteration zones adjacent to channel fills led to dismemberment and the eventual demise of staurolite. Mass balance calculation within a volume‐fixed, silica‐conserved reference frame indicate the shimmer aggregates grew via precipitation from fluids in response to mass transport that led to the addition of H₂O, K₂O, Na₂O and CaO in the reaction zone, and Al₂O₃ was transported outward from the inward‐retreating margin of decomposing staurolite. This aided precipitation of chloritoid in veins and in the outer collars, and as disseminated grains in the shimmer aggregates at mid‐crustal condition (~520 ± 20 °C, 5.5 ± 2.0 kbar). Computation using one‐dimensional transport equation suggests that staurolite decomposition involved advection dominating over diffusive transport; the permeation of externally derived H₂O caused flattening of chemical potential gradients in H₂O and aqueous species, for example, and , computed using the Gibbs method. This suggests that staurolite decomposition was promoted by the infiltration of a large volume of H₂O that flattened existing chemical potential gradients. In the initial stages of replacement, chloritoid super‐saturation in fluid caused preferential nucleation and growth of chloritoid at staurolite grain boundaries and in crystallographic planes. As reaction progressed, further chloritoid nucleation was halted, but chloritoid continued to grow as the 3‐mica aggregates continued to replace the remaining staurolite in situ, while the chloritoid‐compatible elements were transported in the water‐rich phase facilitating continued growth of the existing chloritoid grains.  相似文献   

民勤绿洲不同土地利用类型下土壤水盐的空间分布特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

柳菲  陈沛源  于海超  马金珠 《干旱区地理》2020,43(2):406-414

以石羊河流域下游——民勤绿洲为研究区域，通过野外采样、实地调查和实验分析，对不同土地利用类型下（耕地、林地、草地、湿地、盐碱地、撂荒地和荒漠）土壤的水盐特征进行研究，结果表明研究区土壤含水率整体偏低，范围为5.35%~20.58%，土壤含盐量的平均值为47.02 g·kg^-1，盐渍化程度严重。土壤含水率和含盐量表现为中等变异性，说明其易受到气候、地形、水文地质以及人为活动的影响。不同土地利用类型下土壤水盐的垂直分布差异显著，土壤含水率在垂直方向上的变化特征较为复杂，但含盐量在垂直方向上主要表现为“表聚型”和“振荡型”。民勤绿洲各土层土壤水盐的水平分布均呈条带状分布,土壤含水率整体表现出西高东低，南高北低，而土壤含盐量则表现出相反的趋势。  相似文献   

昆仑山北麓克里雅绿洲生态服务价值对土地利用变化的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜  海米提·依米提  迪拉娜·尼加提  魏彬 《地理科学》2012,(9):1148-1154

基于1991、2002与2008年卫星遥感资料,采用中国陆地生态系统的服务价值测算方法,分析克里雅绿洲土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值与结构的影响。研究表明:①研究区生态服务价值从1991年的144 224.8万元降到2008年的128 716.3万元,生态服务价值损失10.8%,每年净损失生态服务价值达24.2元/hm2。生态服务总价值的减少主要是由湿地、水域总面积的减少而导致的;②研究区各生态服务功能对区域总生态服务价值贡献率由高到低依次为:废物处理、土壤形成、生物多样性保护、水源涵养、气候调价、气体调价、食物生产、娱乐休闲和原材料;③研究区生态服务价值对生态服务功能指数缺乏弹性。  相似文献   

黑河下游绿洲近地层湍流输送特征研究     

张艳武  黄静  吴统文 《气象学报》2009,67(3):433-441

分析2003年9月5-27日在黑河下游额济纳绿洲取得的近地面层湍流观测资料,讨论无量纲湍流方差与稳定度参数Z/L的关系.无量纲风速分量σu/u*、σv/u*和σw/u*在不稳定层结与稳定度Z/L满足1/3次方时,符合Monin-Obkuhov相似理论.在近中性时,σu/u*、σw/u*值比平坦下垫面的略小些,σv/u*值比平坦下垫面的略大.无量纲温度脉动方差和湿度脉动方差在对流状态下与Z/L满足-1/3次方,在稳定和不稳定层结下,随|Z/L|减小而增大.地面热量以感热输送为主,感热通量峰值约为250 W/m2,潜热通量的峰值为170 W/m2;夜间潜热通量较小,感热通量则出现负值.动量通量日间平均在0.2-0.3 N/m2,峰值为0.31 N/m2.黑河下游绿洲柽柳林动力学粗糙度比HEIFE戈壁及其他绿洲下垫面的大,中性时z0m=0.47551 m.中性状态下动量整体输送系数CD=22.2×10-3,不稳定层结时平均值CD=10.3×10-3,稳定层结时平均值CD=7.2 × 10-3.热量整体输送系数CH,中性状态下CH=3.2 × 10-3,不稳定层结时平均值为CH=3.3×10-3,稳定层结时平均值为CH=2.7×10-3.  相似文献   

云南安宁禄脿小村锰铁矿矿床成因及找矿标志     

杨定炳  李迅  庄荣寿  周丽英 《云南地质》2010,29(3):364-366,350

昆阳群美党组军哨段中亚段第二层砂质板岩为铁锰矿源层,严格受地层层位控制,具有后期改造特征,属沉积—改造—层控矿床。  相似文献   

北京粉尘沉降物的物理化学特征及其物源初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘永生  杨冰  李瑞敏  王轶  曹峰  徐慧珍  李爱国 《地质通报》2010,29(8):1220-1227

对北京上空不同高度不同时间段采集的粉尘样品的物理化学特征进行了研究。认为不同的风动力作用导致北京上空粉尘不同来源的物质高度混合,且高度越高远源物质越多,高度越低近源物质越多。由于物质来源不同,粉尘的物理化学特征呈现出不同的特点。通过研究发现,Si/Al比值能近似地反映粉尘在空中的分布特征,可以作为粉尘扬起高度的间接指标。  相似文献