喀斯特洞穴滴水信息对地表环境响应研究进展   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

刘子琦  熊康宁  吕小溪  张乾柱  付超凡 《中国岩溶》2015,34(1):43-51

通过系统回顾国内外喀斯特洞穴滴水信息对地表环境响应的研究进展,结合全球气候变化、喀斯特环境演变与滴水理化指标的研究发展背景,把该领域的研究发展历程划分为萌芽期、缓慢发展期和高速增长期3个阶段。对滴水常规监测指标、稳定同位素及常/微量元素等指标的研究成果与认识进行了系统归纳,并对滴水响应外界大气、地表植被、洞穴上覆土壤以及洞顶基岩等4方面的研究进展进行总结。认为应当探究滴水的物质来源及其水文地球化学过程,加强对滴水信息环境指示的敏感性研究,深入认识滴水信息的环境响应机制,对洞穴系统综合环境要素开展监测等,同时指出运用滴水指标进行石漠化的相关研究比较薄弱,是未来研究的重点所在。   相似文献   

动剪切模量比对反应谱影响的定量分析     

蒋其峰  荣棉水  彭艳菊 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(3):876-885

动剪切模量比的不确定性会对场地地震反应计算的结果产生较大的影响,而目前对这种影响的研究多限于定性分析,笔者利用渤海海域典型场地对这一影响进行定量分析。首先,建立了土层地震反应计算模型;然后,在不改变影响土层地震反应计算结果其他参量的前提下,赋予了原动剪切模量比一系列偏差并求得了场地反应谱的变化;最后,得到了反应谱对动剪切模量比的敏感度。结果表明:1)在动剪切模量比曲线增大(或减小)后,在基准反应谱的特征周期附近,存在一个反应谱相对于基准反应谱由增大转变为减小(或由减小转变为增大)的转变点。2)在概率水准2和3下:反应谱平台段对动剪切模量比的敏感度最高,其值基本上分布在1.0~3.0;反应谱下降段的敏感度绝对值随着周期的增大先迅速增大后逐渐趋于0,最大值达1.0以上;反应谱上升段的敏感度分布平稳,其值多分布在1.0~2.0。  相似文献   

水平井和大斜度井中阵列侧向测井响应数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

祝鹏  林承焰  李智强  赵文积  张华莲 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(6):1862-1869

针对水平井和大斜度井中阵列侧向电极系的工作原理,利用多电场叠加方式进行电场合成,采用三维有限元方法模拟仿真各个分电场的场分布,进而利用电场线性叠加原理得到阵列侧向测井响应。在基于计算机仿真的基础上,得到阵列侧向五条测井曲线的径向探测深度,阵列侧向径向探测深度要小于深侧向探测深度。考察了三维地层模型下井斜和侵入深度变化对阵列侧向测井响应的影响,分析了水平井和大斜度井中阵列侧向测井响应特征。模拟结果表明,在井斜小于15°时,阵列侧向测井响应受井斜影响小,可以不进行井斜校正;井斜超过60°的大斜度井以及水平井中,阵列侧向测井响应视地层厚度逐渐增大,测井响应值与直井条件下响应值差别较大,必须进行井斜校正。  相似文献   

大型商场地震应急演练的组织与经验     

程恒瑞  杨坚  余俏宏 《国际地震动态》2015,(4)

介绍了新疆昌吉市汇嘉、隆源、飞马3家大型商场开展地震避险疏散演练的组织策划、培训、内容及流程等情况,探讨了大型商场开展应急演练的经验和存在的问题,指出了大型商场存在的地震安全风险和相应的改进措施,以及对今后演练的意见和建议。  相似文献   

尼泊尔地震灾害及应急救援   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王巍  陈虹 《国际地震动态》2015,(5)

介绍了2015年4月25日尼泊尔发生的MS8.1地震灾害、受灾国政府应急响应、国际应急响应以及我国西藏受灾区应急救援的情况。总结了尼泊尔地震灾害和应急救援的经验与教训。  相似文献   

Three-dimensional poro-elasto-plastic model for wave-induced seabed response around submarine pipeline     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

The evaluation of the wave-induced excess pore pressure around a buried pipeline is particularly important for pipeline engineers involved in the design of offshore pipelines. Existing models for the wave-induced seabed response around submarine pipeline have been limited to poro-elastic soil behavior and de-coupled oscillatory and residual mechanisms for the rise in excess pore water pressure. To overcome the shortcoming of the existing models, in this study a three-dimensional poro-elasto-plastic soil model with submarine pipeline is established, in which both oscillatory and residual mechanisms can be simulated simultaneously. With the proposed model, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the relative differences of the predictions of the wave-induced pore pressure with poro-elasto-plastic model. Based on numerical examples, it can be concluded that the poro-elasto-plastic behaviors of soil have more significant influence on wave-induced pore pressure of seabed around submarine pipeline. As the seabed depth increases, the normalized pore pressures decrease rapidly at the upper part of seabed, and then change slightly at the lower part of the seabed. Soil permeability and wave period have obvious influence on the wave-induced normalized pore pressure.  相似文献   

Characterisation of shear wave velocity profiles of non-uniform bi-layer soil deposits: Analytical evaluation and experimental validation     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

A crucial aspect of physical geotechnical model tests (under both 1-g and n-g conditions) is the evaluation of the initial (low-strain) stiffness of the soil layers of the sample test deposit, especially in the case of coarse materials. While for uniform soil deposits this issue can be addressed in a straightforward manner, e.g. by determining the fundamental frequency through the transfer function of an applied white-noise excitation, the problem becomes cumbersome for multi-layered deposits. After reviewing a number of available theoretical solutions, this paper illustrates a simplified yet reliable analytical procedure for determining the shear wave velocity profile (V_s) in a single or bi-layer deposit, taking into account the inhomogeneity of the individual soil layers, under the hypothesis of vanishing shear modulus at ground surface. The fundamental natural frequency of the inhomogeneous bi-layer deposit is analysed using the Rayleigh quotient procedure. The associated shape function is evaluated by considering the equilibrium of the soil column under a pseudo-static lateral inertial excitation imposed at its base, accounting for both layering and inhomogeneity. A validation of the proposed method is provided by comparing numerical results obtained from both time- and frequency- domain analyses against experimental data on Leighton Buzzard sand, from a recently-completed research project conducted on the shaking table facility at BLADE Laboratory, University of Bristol (UK).  相似文献   

Nonlinear stochastic seismic analysis of buried pipeline systems     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

In this paper, a nonlinear stochastic seismic analysis program for buried pipeline systems is developed on the basis of a probability density evolution method (PDEM). A finite element model of buried pipeline systems subjected to seismic wave propagation is established. The pipelines in this model are simulated by 2D beam elements. The soil surrounding the pipelines is simulated by nonlinear distributed springs and linear distributed springs along the axial and horizontal directions, respectively. The joints between the segmented pipes are simulated by nonlinear concentrated springs. Thereafter, by considering the basic random variables of ground motion and soil, the PDEM is employed to capture the stochastic seismic responses of pipeline systems. Meanwhile, a physically based method is employed to simulate the random ground motion field for the area where the pipeline systems are located. Finally, a numerical example is investigated to validate the proposed program.  相似文献   

Centrifuge modeling of offshore wind foundations under earthquake loading     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

The construction of large offshore wind turbines in seismic active regions has great demand on the design of foundations. The occurrence of soil liquefaction under seismic motion will affect the stability of the foundations and consequently the operation of the turbines. In this study, a group of earthquake centrifuge tests was performed on wind turbine models with gravity and monopile foundations, respectively, to exam their seismic response. It was found that the seismic behavior of models was quite different in the dry or saturated conditions. Each type of foundation exhibited distinct response to the earthquake loading, especially in the offshore environment. In the supplementary tests, several remediation methods were evaluated in order to mitigate the relatively large lateral displacement of pile foundation (by fixed-end pile and multi-pile foundation) and excessive settlement of gravity foundation (by densification, stone column, and cementation techniques).  相似文献   

特高压电气设备抗震设计反应谱特征周期取值研究     

尤红兵  赵凤新  尤贺 《中国地震研究》2015,29(1):117-127

特征周期是抗震设计反应谱的重要参数,开展特高压电气设备抗震设计反应谱特征周期的研究,具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。对美国、日本等世界范围内的1448 条Ⅲ类场地水平向强震记录进行了统计分析,结果表明震级、震中距对特征周期有较大影响;强震记录特征周期的80%分位数结果约为0.9s。对全国近年来已通过评审的312 个Ⅲ类场地的地震安全性评价结果进行了统计分析,70%分位数的特征周期为0.9s。结合相关规范的对比分析,建议特高压电气设备抗震设计反应谱的特征周期取0.9s,可有效保证特高压电气设备的地震安全。  相似文献