Mapping dune dynamics by InSAR coherence          下载免费PDF全文

Shiran Havivi  Doron Amir  Ilan Schvartzman  Yitzhak August  Shimrit Maman  Stanley R. Rotman  Dan G. Blumberg 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(6):1229-1240

It is generally held that subtle changes in sandy environments are very difficult to detect in imagery. Nonetheless, this study demonstrates how synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometric decorrelation can be used to identify changes in individual sand dunes. The use of coherence maps over time facilitates the analysis of dune dynamics, both temporally and spatially. The Ashdod‐Nizzanim coastal dunes, along the southern coastal plain of Israel, were chosen as an illustrative example of the analysis of dune dynamics. High‐resolution TerraSAR‐X (TSX) radar images covering the entire research area were acquired for the period February to July 2012, together with meteorology data (wind and rain) for the area. The coherence results enabled the stability of individual dunes to be described as a function of time. It was found that the dune crests were more stable than the windward slopes and that the degree of stability was dependent on the distance of the dune from the sea. The results of this study show the potential of using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) decorrelation for aeolian studies, even in areas characterized by low coherence. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于支持向量机的地震体波震相自动识别及到时自动拾取   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

蒋一然  宁杰远 《地球物理学报》2019,62(1):361-373

面对海量地震资料,自动准确地拾取震相并确定其到时的需求非常迫切.基于支持向量机技术,本文提出了使用两个分类器SSD和SPS自动识别地震体波震相并自动拾取其到时的方法.相比于传统的自动拾取方法,本文方法能够更准确地识别震相并区分P波和S波.进一步地,我们提出了利用台阵资料辅助识别震相的方案,有效地提高了地震震相拾取的准确率.  相似文献   

Information Detection of Seismic Debris Flow by UAV High-resolution Image Based on Transfer Learning     

GUO Jiawei  LI Yongshu  WANG Hongshu  LU Heng  WANG Xiaobo 《中国地震研究》2019,33(1):112-119

A large number of debris flow disasters (called Seismic debris flows) would occur after an earthquake, which can cause a great amount of damage. UAV low-altitude remote sensing technology has become a means of quickly obtaining disaster information as it has the advantage of convenience and timeliness, but the spectral information of the image is so scarce, making it difficult to accurately detect the information of earthquake debris flow disasters. Based on the above problems, a seismic debris flow detection method based on transfer learning (TL) mechanism is proposed. On the basis of the constructed seismic debris flow disaster database, the features acquired from the training of the convolutional neural network (CNN) are transferred to the disaster information detection of the seismic debris flow. The automatic detection of earthquake debris flow disaster information is then completed, and the results of object-oriented seismic debris flow disaster information detection are compared and analyzed with the detection results supported by transfer learning.  相似文献   

2017年9月临城震群遗漏地震检测及发震构造初探     

王宁  王亚玲  蔡玲玲  常亮  赵英萍  郭蕾  贾炯 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(6):9-14

以河北测震台网记录的连续波形数据为基础,采用模板匹配滤波方法,检测2017年9月4日—6日河北临城震群遗漏地震。利用波形互相关扫描,检测到19次被测震台网常规分析遗漏的地震,震级范围为M_(L )0.0—1.2,并标定新检测地震事件的P波和S波到时,估计其震中位置及震级。通过地震精定位和最大地震震源机制解,认为此次临城地震序列的主要发震构造应为近EW向活动断层。  相似文献   

自动确定煤岩参数的数据处理技术     

姚伯元  许国贤 《煤田地质与勘探》1996,24(5):19-21,18

介绍了根据HY-3型全自动显微光度测定系统以煤反射率自动测定结果确定显微煤岩组分,鉴别混煤与确定混煤比例,确定煤中活惰性组分比例等采用的数据处理技术。   相似文献   

Seismic resonances of spherical acoustic cavities          下载免费PDF全文

F.M. Schneider  S. Esterhazy  I. Perugia  G. Bokelmann 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(Z1):1-24

We study the interaction of a seismic wavefield with a spherical acoustic gas‐ or fluid‐filled cavity. The intention of this study is to clarify whether seismic resonances can be expected, a characteristic feature that may help in detecting cavities in the subsurface. This is important for many applications, in particular the detection of underground nuclear explosions, which are to be prohibited by the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. To calculate the full seismic wavefield from an incident plane wave that interacts with the cavity, we considered an analytic formulation of the problem. The wavefield interaction consists of elastic scattering and the wavefield interaction between the acoustic and elastic media. Acoustic resonant modes caused by internal reflections in the acoustic cavity show up as spectral peaks in the frequency domain. The resonant peaks coincide with the eigenfrequencies of the un‐damped system described by the particular acoustic medium bounded in a sphere with stiff walls. The filling of the cavity could thus be determined by the observation of spectral peaks from acoustic resonances. By energy transmission from the internal oscillations back into the elastic domain, the oscillations experience damping, resulting in a frequency shift and a limitation of the resonance amplitudes. In case of a gas‐filled cavity, the impedance contrast is still high, which means low damping of the internal oscillations resulting in very narrow resonances of high amplitude. In synthetic seismograms calculated in the surrounding elastic domain, the acoustic resonances of gas‐filled cavities show up as persisting oscillations. However, due to the weak acoustic–elastic coupling in this case, the amplitudes of the oscillations are very low. Due to a lower impedance contrast, a fluid‐filled cavity has a stronger acoustic–elastic coupling, which results in wide spectral peaks of lower amplitudes. In the synthetic seismograms derived in the surrounding medium of fluid‐filled cavities, acoustic resonances show up as strong but fast decaying reverberations.  相似文献   

四川省理县西山村滑坡运动变形过程中的微震研究          下载免费PDF全文

盛敏汉  储日升  危自根  包丰  郭爱智 《地球物理学报》2018,61(1):171-182

西山村滑坡位于地震活动性剧烈的龙门山地区,这个区域有大量的滑坡在汶川地震中被触发,此后西山村滑坡发生持续变形.为了监测该滑坡体的运移和局部破裂产生的微弱的地震信号,由微震事件获取滑坡滑动和变形模式,2015年八月底至十一月底,我们在滑坡上布置了30套地震仪.首先通过信号到时和波形特征把滑坡上的微震信号从人类活动产生的信号和滑坡体以外的区域地震信号区分开来.然后以识别到的微震波形为模板,用滑动时窗互相关的方法匹配其他的微震事件.结果表明,96个微震事件能被30个台站都记录到.通过对这些事件的定位,我们发现大部分（80个）能被所有台站记录到的事件发生在滑坡的底部,其他的少部分（16个）发生在滑坡的顶部.这意味着有相当多的能量积聚在滑坡的顶部和底部,而滑坡的底部则更活跃.除此外,在滑坡的中部有较多更微弱的事件被周围的部分仪器记录到.基于这些微震事件的位置,我们发现四个辐射地震信号的不稳定区域和钻孔监测到的不稳定区域比较吻合.这些辐射地震信号的不稳定区域应该和滑坡体的运动和内部变形相关.由此表明,地震学方法也是监测滑坡的变形的有效手段,是现有监测手段的有力补充.  相似文献   

全张量磁梯度数据解释的均衡边界识别及深度成像技术   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

舒晴  马国庆  刘财  李丽丽 《地球物理学报》2018,61(4):1539-1548

全张量磁梯度数据具有高精度、高分辨率、多参量的优点,能更加清晰地刻画地质体的分布特征,综合利用磁张量梯度数据准确地获得地质体水平位置和深度信息是解释的主要目的.磁张量数据的方向解析信号具有减小倾斜磁化干扰的优点,常被用来圈定磁源体的水平位置,但解析信号强度随着地质体埋深的增加急剧衰减,难以有效识别较深的地质体.张量数据均衡边界识别技术,利用不同方向解析信号的比值函数,能有效地均衡不同深度地质体的响应,同时显示不同深度地质体的边界,提高了对较深地质体的分辨率.磁张量数据深度成像技术根据实测张量数据与假定模型张量数据的相关系数来给定地质体的深度,综合利用多参量数据联合反演提高了反演结果的准确性,且无需进行复杂的反演运算,是大数据量张量数据解释的有效方法.理论模型试验证明：磁张量数据均衡边界识别技术可清晰和准确地识别地质体的水平范围,受倾斜磁化干扰小;磁张量数据深度成像技术可准确地获得地质体的深度信息,具有较强的抗噪性.将上述方法应用于铁矿区实测航磁张量梯度数据解释,获得了铁矿体水平分布与埋深,深度结果与张量欧拉反褶积法计算结果一致.  相似文献   

地下磁共振响应特征与超前探测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

林君  赵越  易晓峰  蒋川东 《地球物理学报》2018,61(4):1615-1627

地下（矿井和隧道内）超前探测灾害水源是磁共振测深（Magnetic Resonance Sounding,MRS）方法应用的新领域,在地球物理方法中是一个难题.本文在地面磁共振探测理论的基础上,建立地下全空间模型,推导直立线圈的磁共振响应信号表达式,对比国际标准模型验证了数值计算的准确性.引入旋转系数矩阵,计算任意地磁场方向和线圈方向的激发场垂直分量.研究了磁共振响应信号与线圈法向偏角和倾角的关系,指出当线圈法向方向垂直于地磁场方向时,磁共振响应信号最大.同时,研究表明磁共振超前探测距离与激发脉冲矩和接收灵敏度紧密相关,激发脉冲矩越大,接收灵敏度越高,则超前探测距离越大,但存在极限距离.在地下线圈尺寸受限的情况下,为使检测信号灵敏度为5 nV时,超前探测距离达到30 m,提出了边长2 m线圈的匝数优化方案,共圈模式最少需要100匝,分离线圈模式最少需要10匝发射线圈和160匝接收线圈.仿真模型试验结果证明,随着噪声水平增大,磁共振超前探测距离和反演分辨率均减小.泽雅隧道探测实践表明,本文提出的地下空间磁共振理论在矿井和隧道环境中进行超前探测是可行的.  相似文献   

都兰台深井地温的同震变化研究     

李滔  宋秀青  王秋宁 《中国地震》2017,33(1):101-111

通过对2013年6月1日以来全球M_S≥7.0、国内M_S≥5.0地震时都兰台深井地温观测数据的变化进行研究发现,8次中强以上地震时有明显的同震变化反应。其中,地温同震变化的幅度与地震波的最大振幅,特别是与水平向合成最大振幅有较好的正相关关系。地温同震变化的形态与地震发生所处的构造位置有关,当地震与井孔所处位置有直接的构造联系且震级较大时,同震变化形态为下降—转平,其他地区的地震则为下降—回升形态。同时,对地温的同震变化机理进行了探讨,认为地温的同震变化可能是由地震波携带的能量引起井孔周边热力场变化所致。  相似文献