2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震序列活动特征分析     

王鹏  侯金欣  吴朋 《中国地震》2017,33(4):453-462

中强地震序列的主震发生后,短时间内受台站距震中较远、尾波干扰和波形重叠等因素的影响,往往会遗漏大量的地震,而地震目录的完整性会直接影响到震后趋势判定和余震序列特征分析的科学性和可靠性。本文利用基于GPU加速的模板匹配方法对2017年8月1～12日的连续波形进行扫描计算,检测九寨沟M_S7.0地震前后遗漏的地震事件,选取台网目录中信噪比较高的1033个地震事件作为模板,在主震前7天至震后5天期间识别出4854个检测地震事件,为台网可定位目录的3.3倍,除去对台网单台地震事件的修正外,还检测到1797个遗漏地震事件,将完备震级从1.6级降低到1.4级。基于补充了遗漏地震的完整地震目录,对2017年8月8日九寨沟M_S7.0地震序列活动特征进行分析。结果表明,前震序列在主震前短时间内出现了地震活动的密集增强,b值也显示为低值状态,可能是深部断层发生破裂之前的加速蠕动的结果。随着时间的推移,余震序列的完备震级逐渐下降并趋于稳定,b值存在缓慢升高的趋势,未来较长时期内余震序列仍将处于持续衰减的状态。  相似文献   

涉县地磁台地磁观测室建设材料磁性检测     

李晓鹏  张小涛  江永建  赵长红  张英杰 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(2):89-93

涉县地磁基准台地磁观测室在建设过程中严格按照观测规范要求施工,利用GSM-19T磁力仪,对建筑材料磁性进行严格检测和筛选,并对地磁房建设前后磁场梯度进行检测,对比可以发现磁房场地磁场梯度是否符合规范要求。此次涉县地磁房建设过程中各种建筑材料的磁性检测工作,可以为其他台站磁台建设提供参考。  相似文献   

Deciphering controls for debris-flow erosion derived from a LiDAR-recorded extreme event and a calibrated numerical model (Roßbichelbach,Germany)     

Andreas Dietrich  Michael Krautblatter 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(6):1346-1361

Debris flows are among the most destructive and hazardous mass movements on steep mountains. An understanding of debris-flow erosion, entrainment and resulting volumes is a key requirement for modelling debris-flow propagation and impact, as well as analysing the associated risks. As quantitative controls of erosion and entrainment are not well understood, total volume, runout and impact energies of debris flows are often significantly underestimated. Here, we present an analysis of geomorphic change induced by an erosive debris-flow event in the German Alps in June 2015. More than 50 terrestrial laser scans of a 1.2 km long mountain torrent recorded geomorphic change in comparison to an airborne laser scan performed in 2007. Errors were calculated using a spatial variable threshold based on the point density of airborne laser scanning and terrestrial laser scanning and the slope of the digital elevation models. Highest erosion rates approach 5.0 m³/m² (mean 0.6 m³/m²). During the event 9550 ± 1550 m³ was eroded whereas only 650 ± 150 m³ was deposited in the channel. Velocity, flow pressure, momentum and shear stress were calculated using a carefully calibrated RAMMS Debris Flow model including material entrainment. Here we present a linear regression model relating debris-flow erosion rates to momentum and shear stress with an R² up to 68%. Channel transitions from bedrock to loose debris sections cause excessive erosion up to 1 m³/m² due to previously unreleased random kinetic energy now available for erosion. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

War landform mapping and classification on the Verdun battlefield (France) using airborne LiDAR and multivariate analysis     

Rémi de Matos-Machado  Jean-Pierre Toumazet  Jean-Claude Bergès  Jean-Paul Amat  Gilles Arnaud-Fassetta  François Bétard  Clélia Bilodeau  Joseph P. Hupy  Stéphanie Jacquemot 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(7):1430-1448

Acting as efficient earth-movers, soldiers can be viewed as significant geomorphological drivers of landscape change when replaced in the recent debates on Anthropocene Geomorphology. ‘Polemoforms’, generated by military activities, correspond with a set of human-made landforms of various sizes and geometries. They are particularly common on the World War One battlefield of Verdun (France) which ranks among the largest battles of attrition along the Western Front. The artillery bombardments and building of defensive positions in that battle significantly altered the landscape, resulting in thousands of shell craters, dugouts, and gun positions that have altered both the meso and microtopography. This paper proposes an innovative methodology to make an exhaustive inventory of these small-scale conflict-induced landforms (excluding linear features such as trenches) using a digital terrain model (DTM) acquired by airborne LiDAR on the whole battlefield. Morphometric analysis was conducted using Kohonen's self-organizing maps (SOMs) and hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) in order to quantify and classify the high number of war landforms. This combined approach allowed for mapping more than one million landforms which can be classified into eight different shapes including shell craters and various soldier-made landforms (i.e. shelters, gun positions, etc.). Detection quality evaluation using field observations revealed the algorithm successfully classified 93% of shell craters and 74% of anthropologically constructed landforms. Finally, the iconographic database and map series produced will help archaeologists and foresters to better manage the historic site of Verdun, today covered by a large forest of ~10 000 ha. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

STUDY ON THE MRF-BASED METHOD FOR DAMAGED BUILDINGS EXTRACTION FROM THE SINGLE-PHASE SEISMIC IMAGE          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Ling  TAN Xuan  SONG Dong-mei  WANG Bin  LI Rui-lin 《地震地质》2019,41(5):1273-1288

Earthquake events are one of the most extraordinarily serious natural calamities, which not only cause heavy casualties and economic losses, but also various secondary disasters. Such events are devastating, and have far-reaching influences. As the main disaster bearing body in earthquake, buildings are often seriously damaged, thus it can be used as an important reference for earthquake damage assessment. Identifying damaged buildings from post-earthquake images quickly and accurately is of real importance, which has guidance meaning to rescue and emergency response. At present, the assessment of earthquake damage is mainly through artificial field investigation, which is time-consuming and cannot meet the urgent requirements of rapid emergency response. Markov Random Field(MRF)combines the neighborhood system of pixels with the prior distribution model to effectively describe the dependence between spatial pixels and pixels, so as to obtain more accurate segmentation results. The support vector machine(SVM)model is a simple and clear mathematical model which has a solid theoretical basis; in addition, it also has unique advantages in solving small sample, nonlinear and high-dimensional pattern recognition problems. Thus, in this paper, a Markov random field-based method for damaged buildings extraction from the single-phase seismic image is proposed. The framework of the proposed method has three components. Firstly, Markov Random Field was used to segment the image; then, the spectral and texture features of the post-earthquake damaged building area are extracted. After that, Support Vector Machine was used to extract the damaged buildings according to the extracted features. In order to evaluate the proposed method, 5 areas in ADS40 earthquake remote sensing image were selected as experimental data, this image covers parts of Wenchuan City, Sichuan Province, where an earthquake had struck in 2008. And in order to verify the applicability of this method to different resolution images, an experimental area was selected from different resolution images obtained by the same equipment. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good performance and could effectively identify the damaged buildings after the earthquake. The average overall accuracy of the selected experimental areas is 93.02%. Compared with the result extracted by the widely used eCognition software, the proposed method is simpler in operation and can improve the extraction accuracy and running time significantly. Therefore, it has significant meaning for both emergency rescue work and accurate disaster information providing after earthquake.  相似文献   

数据采集器自动检测与断电重启的实现     

孟彩菊  杨世英  靳玉贞  何佳  任瑞国 《山西地震》2019,(3):51-53

针对太原基准地震台加速度观测中出现的数据采集器死机现象,使用Visual Studio 2015开发环境,对网络远程控制设备进行二次开发,编写自动处理软件,实现了对加速度数据采集器执行自动检测、自动断电复位和开启数据流的操作,为其他观测台站解决类似的问题提供技术参考。  相似文献   

综合探测方法在太原盆地东山山前断层探测中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

曾金艳  李自红  陈文  扈桂让  闫小兵 《地震工程学报》2017,39(6):1090-1096

东山山前断层位于太原盆地东部,是盆地北端的边界断层。在多道直流电法和浅层地震勘探初步确定断层位置的基础上,采用钻孔联合剖面探测对断层进行准确定位,并结合年代样品测试确定断层的最新活动时代。通过探测得到:东山山前断层是由三条断层组成的断裂带,长22km,宽约800m。断层上断点埋深约16.7m,错断了中更新世地层,最大断距约23.96 m,断层的最新活动时代为中更新世。此结果修正了前人认为其为晚更新世活动断层的结论。三种探测方法中,多道直流电法勘探只能初步确定断层的位置,采用高分辨率浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面相结合的探测方法是确定隐伏断层位置、判定断层活动性的有效方法。  相似文献   

基于互联网的震后虚假信息入侵实时检测系统设计          下载免费PDF全文

彭懋磊  刘可  李垠  吕筱 《地震工程学报》2020,42(1):270-275

虚假震后信息入侵严重干扰抗震救灾与灾后重建进程,为防止虚假震后信息在互联网中大肆传播,需对震后虚假信息进行精准识别,设计基于互联网的震后虚假信息入侵实时检测系统。互联网以Web服务器为载体传播信息,数据包捕获模块采用WinPcap技术,并从中获取有效数据包,在协议解析模块中完成数据包TCP/IP协议、CMP协议、UDP协议解码工作,解码后的数据输入到基于SVM的震后虚假信息检测模型中。SVM模型寻求最优超平面将震后信息分为虚假与真实两个类别,根据该结果完成震后虚假信息入侵实时检测。由实验结果可知该系统检测震后虚假信息入侵误报率低于3%,相比同类型系统具有接收数据能力强、效率高的优势,对精准检测震后虚假信息具有重要意义。  相似文献   

模拟强震后高压输电接续管漏磁的检测方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙炎  侯立群  路晓明  杨东升  陈曦  崔贤成 《地震工程学报》2020,42(1):276-282

为维持强震影响下电力系统安全运行,改善高压输电效率及输电质量,提出强震影响下高压输电接续管漏磁检测方法。采用磁敏传感器获取漏磁通内的漏磁信号,通过计算提取接续管内漏磁信号特征量,依据这些特征实现高压输电接续管漏磁检测。构建高压输电接续管三维有限元几何模型,通过对模型的单元类型确定、材料选择、边界条件与荷载设置、传感器部署位置等,完成高压输电接续管仿真分析。实验结果表明：在Ⅸ度罕遇北京波影响下,接续管内漏磁信号特征量可评判缺陷深度,实现接线管漏磁检测。通过对DL/T1192-2012标准输电线接续管上表面和下表面两端的漏磁信号峰值检测等,证明了本文方法对强震影响下高压输电接续管漏磁进行检测的有效性。  相似文献   

长江中游城市群社团结构演化及其邻近机制 ——基于生产性服务企业网络分析   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

高鹏  何丹  宁越敏  张凡 《地理科学》2019,39(4):578-586

刻画长江中游城市群空间结构演化特征,通过QAP分析定量揭示其影响机制。结果显示：长江中游城市群存在3个分别以武汉、长沙和南昌为核心、以省界为界限的城市社团,社团结构存在显著的异质性特征。城市群层面上,地理邻近、文化邻近和行政邻近均对城市群社团结构产生显著影响,行政邻近中的省级行政邻近影响最大;交流技术进步、金融资源集聚与扩散对社团内外联系也产生显著影响。分析社团层面,发现此时地理邻近在各社团内部结网互动中起决定性作用,且不同影响因素在3个社团中的影响效应存在一定的差异性。  相似文献