Elevation change around Dome A region of Antarctica from EnviSat satellite radar altimetry during 2002–2012     

Qiang Qiang  Mingsheng Liao  Qiuyang Zhao  Zemin Wang 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(4):193-199

The expected responses of ice sheets to climate warming are growth in the thickness of the inland ice areas and thinning near the margins. In recent decades, researchers have identified glacier acceleration along Antarctic ice sheet coastal margins. However, the study of ice sheet interiors where seasonal accumulation eventually balances ice wastage at the lower elevation is poorly understood. In this paper, the ice sheet elevation change around Dome A region is analyzed from 2002 to 2012 using two million elevation change measurements from EnviSat satellite radar altimeter data covering an area of about 7000 km². A declining trend of 0.572 ± 1.31 mm/year which means that the Dome A region was in balance during the last decade can be captured. In addition, two obvious changes in accumulation which divide elevation change time series into three independent equilibration stages are also extracted. In order to explain this phenomenon, two speculations related to snowfall and firn compaction are proposed in this paper.  相似文献   

Dynamics of explosive volcanism at Unzen volcano: an experimental contribution     

Bettina Scheu  Oliver Spieler  Donald B. Dingwell 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2006,69(2):175-187

Knowledge of the dynamics of magma fragmentation is necessary for a better understanding of the explosive behaviour of silicic volcanoes. Here we have measured the fragmentation speed and the fragmentation threshold of five dacitic samples (6.7–53.5 vol% open porosity) from Unzen volcano, Kyushu, Japan. The measurements were carried out using a shock-tube-based fragmentation apparatus modified after Alidibirov and Dingwell (1996a,b). The results of the experimental work confirm the dominant influence of porosity on fragmentation dynamics. The velocity of the fragmentation front increases and the value of the fragmentation threshold decreases with increasing porosity. Further, we observe that the fragmentation speed is strongly influenced by the initial pressure difference and the texture of the dacite. At an initial pressure difference of 30 MPa, the fragmentation speed varies from 34 m/s for the least porous sample to 100 m/s for the most porous sample. These results are evaluated by applying them to the 1990–1995 eruptive activity of Unzen volcano. Emplacements of layered lava dome lobes, Merapi-type pyroclastic flows and minor explosive events dominated this eruption. The influence of the fragmentation dynamics on dome collapse and Vulcanian events is discussed.  相似文献   

A magnetotelluric investigation of the Araguainha impact structure in Mato Grosso-Goiás, central Brazil     

W. Masero  P.-A. Schnegg  S. L. Fontes 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,116(2):366-376

  相似文献   

Sedimentological and petrochemical studies of Jurassic clastic rocks,Habo Dome Basin,Kachchh Mainland,Northwest India: Implications for depositional environment,provenance, and tectonic setting     

Roohi Irshad  Mohammad S. Khan  Abul H. M. Ahmad 《Island Arc》2019,28(5)

Mesozoic rocks are extensively and excellently preserved in the western Indian shield in several basins. The Kachchh Mainland Basin (KMB), comprising six small sub‐basins, is the main repository of these sediments. Habo Dome Basin, situated in the easternmost part of KMB and largest among the six basins, hosts clastics of the Chari Formation of Jurassic age. The fluctuating transgressive–regressive facies cycle, developed during the Callovian and Late Early Oxfordian in the Habo Dome Basin, was mainly controlled by local tectonics and not by global eustatic fluctuations. Near magmatic relationships are displayed by various elements of the clastic rocks of Habo Dome Basin. Two litho‐chemical groups have been identified in Habo Dome Basin, which are cyclically repeated over entire lithostratigraphic sequence, indicating alternate pulses of sediment inputs from two different sources under palpitating tectonic conditions. Provenance indicator elements and their ratios coupled with source modeling indicate predominantly felsic source with basic and alkalic components. Integrated analysis of petrograhic and geochemical characteristics suggests two source terranes for these rocks: a granitoid source with significant basic volcanics (Banded Gneissic Complex) and a granite–gneissic source with minor alkaline volcanics (Nagarparkar Massif) lying to northeast and NNW respectively. The petrochemistry of Habo Dome clastics suggests their deposition in a fault controlled sink which was influenced by sea level changes. Drifting of the Indian plate resulted in the opening of series of rifted basins in the Kachchh Mainland during Late Triassic/Early Jurassic, which were closed later during collision of Indian plate with Eurasia at early Eocene. The Habo Dome Basin which opened up as a half graben in response to the initial stress regime, remained tectonically unstable until the cessation of pre and post collisional stress regimes.  相似文献   

基于Polar WRF的南极Dome A极端低温事件分析     

王一丞  谢爱红  丁明虎  效存德 《冰川冻土》2020,42(3):727-733

南极作为地球的寒极, 其最高点Dome A地区于2013年8月1日气温达到-93.0 ℃的极低值。利用Polar Weather Research and Forecasting （Polar WRF） 3.8.1模式, 对发生在南极Dome A地区的3次极端低温事件进行数值模拟分析。通过与自动气象站实测数据对比验证, 模拟效果较为理想。结果表明： 印度洋和大西洋交界区域的高压加强, 其高压脊开始向南极内陆延伸, 导致Dome A地区气压升高, 使得该地区天气晴好, 云量极低, 为极端低温事件发生奠定基础; 同时, 南极中心冷涡加强, 长时间的冷平流和稳定的逆温层为Dome A地区提供了足够的降温条件, 并且加强了夜间辐射降温效应, 稳定的垂直场、 极低的向下长波辐射使得Dome A地区的极端低温事件得以维持。  相似文献   

扬子地块西南缘瓮安穹隆不整合面特征、年代限定及大地构造意义     

宋志冬  颜丹平  邱亮  张翼西 《地学前缘》2019,26(2):16-41

瓮安穹隆位于近南北向的鄂渝湘黔穹隆群构造带与东西向黔中隆起的过渡区域,本质上为一构造叠加穹隆。瓮安穹隆及周缘发育并完好地保留了加里东期、印支期和燕山期不整合面。这些对应于关键构造事件的不整合面的发育特征和年代限定是进行区域和大地构造重建的重要手段。研究结果表明：(1)古生代以来瓮安穹隆及邻区构造格局出现3次重大变动,先后经历了加里东期、印支期、燕山期等3个关键演化阶段,是前震旦陆壳基底上的叠加穹隆。早古生代以来,瓮安穹隆及邻区主要发育中志留统顶面(S2/AnS2)、中三叠统顶面(T2/AnT2)、中侏罗统顶面(J2/AnJ2)不整合,分别与加里东期、印支期和燕山期构造运动有关。(2)根据碎屑锆石年龄分布统计结果,瓮安地区及邻区加里东运动的发生时间为426~415 Ma,印支运动的发生时间为246~233 Ma,燕山运动发生的时间为168~150 Ma。对瓮安穹隆出现的不整合进行构造及年代学分析,从而进一步探讨穹隆的构造演化,将有助于对穹隆构造的深入研究。  相似文献   

The first geodetic investigation at the summit of Dome A,Antarctica     

张胜凯  鄂栋臣  李院生  王泽民  周春霞  沈强 《极地研究(英文版)》2008,19(1)

Dome A is the highest ice feature in the Antarctica,up to now,little is known about surface topography at Dome A.The first Chinese ITASE expedition was carried out from Zhongshan station to Dome A during the 1996/1997 austral summer. During the 2004/2005 austral summer,the traverse was extended to the summit of Dome A which is 1228 km from Zhongshan Station by 21st Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE).The real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS survey was carried out in the summit of Dome A dur...  相似文献   

Structural analysis of sheath folds and geochronology in the Cuonadong Dome,southern Tibet,China: New constraints on the timing of the South Tibetan detachment system and its relationship to North Himalayan Gneiss Domes     

Jiangang Fu  Guangming Li  Genhou Wang  Linkui Zhang  Wei Liang  Xiaoqiong Zhang  Yanjie Jiao  Suiliang Dong  Yong Huang 《地学学报》2020,32(4):300-323

Structural analysis and new zircon U/Pb geochronology were performed in the Cuonadong Dome in order to test the hypothesis that the top‐to‐North deformation in the North Himalayan Gneiss Domes (NHGD) has been correlated with deformation along the South Tibetan detachment system (STDS). Structural analysis suggests that the X‐axes of sheath folds at the different flanks of the dome are consistent, and show average a trend and plunge of 350° and 18°. Many shear sense indicators are recorded in the ductile shear zone during the top‐to‐north deformation, including the augen structure, σ‐type and δ‐type rotating porphyroclast, S–C fabric and pressure shadow structure. The development of the sheath folds first provide a direct‐field structural evidence that represents a deeper ductile manifestation of the STDS, and further suggests that the top‐to‐north deformation in the NHGD have been correlated with deformation along the STDS. The emplacement of the synkinematic granites at ca. 32 Ma exposed at the core of the sheath folds is also interpreted as the initiation of slip along the STDS.  相似文献   

北喜马拉雅穹隆带雅拉香波穹隆的构造组成和运动学特征   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

张进江  郭磊  张波 《地质科学》2007,42(1):16-30

雅拉香波穹隆构造位于北喜马拉雅穹隆带,由上、下两个拆离断层分割成3个构造层。下拆离断层以韧性变形为主,其下的糜棱状片麻岩和花岗岩体形成穹隆核部即下构造层;上拆离断层以脆性变形为主,其上为低级变质的西藏沉积岩系及基性岩墙群(上构造层);千糜岩和糜棱状片岩构成上、下两拆离断层间的中构造层。穹隆构造内经历3期运动,第1和第2期的线理具有统一的北北西—南南东倾伏向,前者仅保存于局部下构造层,代表上盘向南南东的运动学特征,为早期构造变形,成因尚待查明;第2期为穹隆内主导线理,代表穹隆统一的上盘向北北西的运动。第3期低透入性线理向穹隆外侧倾伏,代表垮塌下滑运动。雅拉香波穹隆下构造层与高喜马拉雅岩系相似,下拆离断层为主拆离断层,中构造层可能为西藏沉积岩系底部经拆离作用形成,所以下拆离断层可能是分割高喜马拉雅结晶岩系与西藏沉积岩系的藏南拆离系在北喜马拉雅的出露。雅拉香波穹隆早期(距今14.5Ma±)可能经历了沿藏南拆离系的北北西向拆离,后期(距今13.5Ma±)因岩浆底辟和剥蚀反弹而发生穹隆作用。  相似文献   

CO2 solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42− and HCO3-: The effects of electrostricted water and ion hydration thermodynamics     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Dissolution of CO₂ into deep subsurface brines for carbon sequestration is regarded as one of the few viable means of reducing the amount of CO₂ entering the atmosphere. Ions in solution partially control the amount of CO₂ that dissolves, but the mechanisms of the ion's influence are not clearly understood and thus CO₂ solubility is difficult to predict. In this study, CO₂ solubility was experimentally determined in water, NaCl, CaCl₂, Na₂SO_4, and NaHCO₃ solutions and a mixed brine similar to the Bravo Dome natural CO₂ reservoir; ionic strengths ranged up to 3.4 molal, temperatures to 140 °C, and CO₂ pressures to 35.5 MPa. Increasing ionic strength decreased CO₂ solubility for all solutions when the salt type remained unchanged, but ionic strength was a poor predictor of CO₂ solubility in solutions with different salts. A new equation was developed to use ion hydration number to calculate the concentration of electrostricted water molecules in solution. Dissolved CO₂ was strongly correlated (R² = 0.96) to electrostricted water concentration. Strong correlations were also identified between CO₂ solubility and hydration enthalpy and hydration entropy. These linear correlation equations predicted CO₂ solubility within 1% of the Bravo Dome brine and within 10% of two mixed brines from literature (a 10 wt % NaCl + KCl + CaCl₂ brine and a natural Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻ type brine with minor amounts of Mg²⁺, K⁺, Sr²⁺ and Br⁻).  相似文献