The Equation of State for Caspian Sea Waters     

Frank J. Millero  Abzar Mirzaliyev  Javid Safarov  Fen Huang  Mareva Chanson  Astan Shahverdiyev  Egon Hassel 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2008,14(4):289-299

The density ρ of Caspian Sea waters was measured as a function of temperature (273.15–343.15) K at conductivity salinities of 7.8 and 11.3 using the Anton-Paar Densitometer. Measurements were also made on one of the samples (S = 11.38) diluted with water as a function of temperature (T = 273.15–338.15 K) and salinity (2.5–11.3). These latter results have been used to develop an equation of state for the Caspian Sea (σ = ±0.007 kg m⁻³) where ρ⁰ is the density of water and the parameters A, B and C are given by Measurements of the density of artificial Caspian Sea water at 298.15 K agree to ± 0.012 kg m⁻³ with the real samples. These results indicate that the composition of Caspian Sea waters must be close to earlier measurements of the major components. Model calculations based on this composition yield densities that agree with the measured values to ± 0.012 kg m⁻³. The new density measurements are higher than earlier measurements. This may be related to a higher concentration of dissolved organic carbon found in the present samples (500 μM) which is much higher than the values in ocean waters (~65 μM).  相似文献   

P-V-T equation of state of lawsonite     

I. Daniel  G. Fiquet  P. Gillet  M. W. Schmidt  M. Hanfland 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1999,26(5):406-414

A pressure-volume-temperature data set has been obtained for lawsonite [CaAl₂Si₂O₇(OH)₂.H₂O], using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and an externally heated diamond anvil cell. Unit-cell volumes were measured to 9.4 GPa and 767 K by angle dispersive X-ray diffraction using imaging plates. Phase changes were not observed within this pressure-temperature range, and lawsonite compressed almost isotropically at constant temperature. The P-V-T data have been analyzed using a Birch- Murnaghan equation of state and a linear equation of state expressed as β=–1/V₀ (∂V/∂P) _T . At room temperature, the derived equation of state parameters are: K ₀=124.1 (18) GPa K'₀ set to 4) and β^–1=142.0(24) GPa, respectively. Our results are intermediate between previously reported measurements. The high-temperature data show that the incompressibility of lawsonite decreases with increasing temperature to ∼500 K and then increases above. Hence, the second order temperature derivative of the bulk modulus is taken into account in the equation of state; a fit of the volume data yields K ₀=123.9(18) GPa, (∂K/∂T)_P=–0.111(3) GPa K^–1, (∂² K/∂T ²)_P=0.28(6) 10^–3 GPa K^–2, α₀=3.1(2) 10^–5 K^–1, assuming K'₀=4. Received: 2 June 1998 / Revised, accepted: 12 Ocotber 1998  相似文献   

杭州湾海水密度研究     

陈国华  纪红  谢式南  张力军  金建成  张爱滨 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,(Z1)

用磁力浮沉子密度测量装置,在１５ ～２５ ℃之间的三个温度下测定了杭州湾３０ 个水样的密度。结果表明,测定值皆高于相应条件下国际标准海水状态方程的计算值,在海水盐度范围５．５６～２６ ．４ ,密度平均偏差值为２８ ．２ ～１２０ ．５ ×１０－ ３ｋｇ／ｍ３ 。测定密度和计算密度的偏差随盐度的降低而增大,与盐度的变化成直线相关;与（Ｃａ２ ＋ ）／Ｓ和比碱度之间皆呈指数曲线相关。杭州湾海水枯水期和丰水期水样的（Ｃａ２ ＋ ）／Ｃｌ 比平均值分别超出大洋水平均值２８ ．８％ 和２０ ．６％ ;杭州湾海水枯水期和丰水期的比碱度平均值分别超出大洋水平均值６０ ．３ ％ 和３０２ ％ ;（Ｍｇ２ ＋ ）／Ｃｌ 比、枯水期水样ＳＯ２ －４ ／Ｃｌ 比及Ｓｒ２ ＋ ／Ｃｌ 比与大洋水平均值相同或相近,丰水期水样ＳＯ２ －４ ／Ｃｌ 高出大洋水平均值７ ．１ ％ ;结合主要离子在湾内平面分布图,得出杭州湾海水高的Ｃａ２ ＋ ／Ｃｌ 比、比碱度和ＳＯ２ －４ ／Ｃｌ 比,除了受江水输入影响以外,主要还是受湾北岸工业区废水排放的影响。并首次给出了杭州湾海水的密度公式。  相似文献   

1980年国际标准海水状态方程应用于低盐海水的可能性     

纪红  陈国华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,(Z1)

为了考察１９８０ 年国际标准海水状态方程在盐度小于０ ．５ 条件下的适用性,测定了０ ．０３９～２ ．０００ 盐度范围内的稀释大洋水的密度,并与状态方程的计算值作了比较。测定值与计算值之间的平均偏差为±０．６×１０－ ３ｋｇ／ｍ３ ,小于状态方程的标准偏差３．６ ×１０－ ３ｋｇ／ｍ３ 。结果认为１９８０ 年国际标准海水状态方程的低盐范围可以从现在的０．５ 继续扩展到０．０３９ 。  相似文献   

Post-stack impedance blocky inversion based on analytic solution of viscous acoustic wave equation     

Yuanqiang Li  Jingye Li  Xiaohong Chen  Jian Zhang  Xin Bo 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(7):2009-2026

The conventional impedance inversion method ignores the attenuation effect, transmission loss and inter-layer multiple waves; the smooth-like regularization approach makes the corresponding impedance solution excessively smooth. Both fundamentally limit the resolution of impedance result and lead to the inadequate ability of boundary characterization. Therefore, a post-stack impedance blocky inversion method based on the analytic solution of viscous acoustic equation is proposed. Based on the derived recursive formula of reflections, the 1D viscous acoustic wave equation is solved analytically to obtain zero-offset full-wave field response. Applying chain rule, the analytical expression of the Fréchet derivative is derived for gradient-descent non-linear inversion. Combined with smooth constraints, the blocky constraints can be introduced into the Bayesian inference framework to obtain stable and well-defined inversion results. According to the above theory, we firstly use model data to analyse the influence of incompleteness of forward method on seismic response, and further verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Then the Q-value sensitivity analysis of seismic trace is carried out to reduce the difficulty of Q-value estimation. Finally, the real data from Lower Congo Basin in West Africa indicate that the proposed approach provide the high-resolution and well-defined impedance result. As a supplement and development of linear impedance inversion method, the non-linear viscous inversion could recover more realistic and reliable impedance profiles.  相似文献   

CO2-Water-Rock Interactions during Geological CO2 Storage     

ZHU Chen  JI Xaioyan 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):987-987

  相似文献   

珠三角流动人口社会融入与生活满意度期望     

罗利佳  周春山  吴沛钊 《世界地理研究》2020,29(3):608-620

近年来有关流动人口社会融入和生活满意度的研究成为我国学者广泛关注的研究主题，较高的社会融入水平已成为流动人口获得生活满意度的根本。基于珠三角流动人口问卷调研数据建立两个结构方程模型，探究社会融入各维度及其影响因素的路径效应，进一步分析社会融入如何影响流动人口实现“生活满意度期望”，即感受到本地生活满意度高于老家的路径机制。结果显示：珠三角地区社会融入可分为经济融入和非经济融入两部分，但经济融入的基础作用不凸显；个体、家庭与制度等因素对社会融入各维度存在较大影响差异；社会融入影响“生活满意度期望”可归纳为“经济融入-生活满意度期望”的直接影响路径和“非经济融入-生活满意度-生活满意度期望”的间接影响路径；提高流动人口市民化和社会融入水平，不仅要关注流动人口的经济收入问题，还应注重流动人口与本地人邻里关系建设，以形成良性的城市更新与和谐的社区环境。  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000149     

Xiang Wu  Shan Qin  Leonid Dubrovinsky 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(1):107-114

The structural stability of manganese titanate MnTiO3 at high pressure was investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy with diamond anvil cells. Ilmenite-type MnTiO3 is stable at least to 26.6 GPa, and lithium niobate type MnTiO3 reversibly transforms at room temperature to perovskite at 2.0 GPa. Bulk moduli (K300) of ilmenite, lithium niobate and perovskite are 174(4) GPa, 179(8) GPa, and 208(5) GPa, respectively (at fixed first pressure derivative K′ = 4). The Grüneisen parameter γ has been estimated to be 1.28 for ilmenite and 1.75 for perovskite. In ilmenite phase, TiO6 octahedra become more regular with increasing pressure. In perovskite phase structural distortion increases with pressure increase.  相似文献   

基于GIS和RS的四川省彭州市土壤侵蚀敏感性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈学华  周建中 《山地学报》2011,29(6)

根据彭州市独特的自然地理特征,结合美国通用土壤流失方程(USLE),选择降雨侵蚀力(R)、土壤可蚀性(K)、坡度坡长(LS)和地表覆盖(C)4个自然因子作为彭州市土壤侵蚀敏感性评价的指标,在GIS和RS技术支持下,对彭州市土壤侵蚀敏感性并进行综合评价.结果表明:彭州市土壤侵蚀敏感性以不敏感(37.78％)、轻度敏感(19.22％)和极敏感(22.09％)为主,中度敏感(10.57％)和高度敏感(10.33％)比例相对较小;区域内土壤侵蚀敏感性的空间分布具有垂直地带性,其中最不敏感区主要分布在东南平原地区,极敏感区主要分布在北部坡度大于25.的亚高山、低山和深丘地区.研究结果将为区域内土壤侵蚀状况的宏观把握和水土保持政策的制定提供科学依据.  相似文献   

中子星的相对论平均场描述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

贾焕玉  孙宝玺  孟杰  赵恩广 《天文学报》2002,43(2):160-168

从相对论平均场理沦出发,考虑核子、超子和介子的相互作用,研究了中子星的结构和性质以及超子耦合常数对中子星性质的影响.发现当密度较高时,中子星的核心区主要由超子组成,即中子星转变成以超子为主要成分的奇异中子星,并且这种转变受到超子相互作用的影响.当超子耦合常数与核子耦合常数的比值为0.65时,中子星转变为奇异中子星所对应的密度最小,此时计算的中子星的最大质量为1.4 M⊙,与天文观测结果较好符合.  相似文献