《关于建立CCAMLR海洋保护区的总体框架》有关问题分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨雷  韩紫轩  陈丹红  龙威  房丽君  李春雷 《极地研究》2014,26(4):522-534

经过数年准备,南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(以下简称"CCAMLR")在未经系统论证,许多关键的科学和法律问题仍然模糊不清,甚至存在争议的情况下,通过了《关于建立CCAMLR海洋保护区的总体框架》(以下简称"《总体框架》"),期望以此为有关南极海洋保护区建设的讨论提供一个框架。《总体框架》通过的时间相对仓促,加上政治因素的介入,导致海洋保护区建设在法律架构、科学基础和管理、监测、评估等方面存在一系列问题,使得成员国在关于设立海洋保护区的具体讨论中面临大量分歧。在这个问题上,CCAMLR的当务之急是充分尊重《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》(以下简称"《公约》")及CCAMLR现有养护制度和实践,以科学为基础和核心,创造公平、透明的条件和氛围,从法律、科学和技术问题着手,理顺海洋保护区建设的总体制度,为成员国围绕南极海洋保护区的磋商提供切实可行的基础。  相似文献   

数字城市地理空间框架城乡规划管理信息系统的设计与应用研究     

石婷婷  洪亮  向浩 《测绘软科学研究》2014,(1):85-90

本文研究在数字城市地理空间框架相关成果的基础上,通过共享地理信息公共平台基础地理数据,提出城乡规划一张图数据库组织结构及建设标准,在共享联合的基础上实现规划项目管理信息化、规划业务审批电子化、规划决策管理一体化的建设思路与方法,并以数字黄冈地理空间框架城乡规划管理信息系统建设为示范进行系统实践应用,替代有纯文本的办公环境,以一体化的数据管理方式为规划审批与决策提供信息化手段与支持。  相似文献   

Implementation of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive: a methodological approach for the assessment of environmental status, from the Basque Country (Bay of Biscay)     

Borja A  Galparsoro I  Irigoien X  Iriondo A  Menchaca I  Muxika I  Pascual M  Quincoces I  Revilla M  Germán Rodríguez J  Santurtún M  Solaun O  Uriarte A  Valencia V  Zorita I 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(5):889-904

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Occurrence of priority pollutants in WWTP effluents and Mediterranean coastal waters of Spain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Martí N  Aguado D  Segovia-Martínez L  Bouzas A  Seco A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(3):615-625

A comprehensive study aimed at evaluating the occurrence, significance of concentrations and spatial distribution of priority pollutants (PPs) along the Comunidad Valenciana coastal waters (Spain) was carried out in order to fulfil the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Additionally, PP concentrations were also analysed in the effluent of 28 WWTPs distributed along the studied area. In coastal waters 36 organic pollutants of the 71 analysed, including 26 PPs were detected although many of them with low frequency of occurrence. Only 13 compounds, which belong to four different classes (VOCs, organochlorinated pesticides, phthalates and tributyltin compounds (TBT)) showed a frequency of occurrence above 20% in coastal waters. In the results obtained until now, octylphenol, pentachlorobenzene, DEHP and TBT exceeded the annual average concentration (EQS-AAC), and only TBT surpassed the maximum allowable concentration (EQS-MAC). The most frequent contaminants determined in coastal waters were also present in WWTP effluents.  相似文献   

Overview of eutrophication indicators to assess environmental status within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

João G. Ferreira  Jesper H. Andersen  Angel Borja  Suzanne B. Bricker  Jordi Camp  Margarida Cardoso da Silva  Esther Garcés  Anna-Stiina Heiskanen  Christoph Humborg  Lydia Ignatiades  Christiane Lancelot  Alain Menesguen  Paul Tett  Nicolas Hoepffner  Ulrich Claussen 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

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Environmental justice implications of Maritime Spatial Planning in the European Union     

Elizabeth M. De Santo 《Marine Policy》2011

This paper examines the implications of environmental justice in the regime for Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) currently developing in the European Union (EU). An ‘ecosystem-based approach’ to marine management is enshrined in the new Integrated Maritime Policy and Marine Strategy Framework Directive and forms the basis of MSP. This concept is intended to encompass all aspects of an ecosystem, including the human element. Yet the modes of including meaningful public participation in the decision-making process for MSP remain undetermined. At the same time, the Aarhus Convention (on access to information, public participation in decision making and access to justice in environmental matters) empowers non-governmental organisations to hold EU Member States to account. Consequently the issue of transparency will gain increased importance, as will linkages between human and environmental rights. Such public interest-based activism on the part of NGOs has the potential to enforce the developing framework for stakeholder engagement within MSP, but it also has implications worth considering regarding the appropriate role of interest-based organisations in the international political arena.  相似文献   

Ecosystem-based marine spatial management: Review of concepts, policies, tools, and critical issues   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stelios Katsanevakis  Vanessa Stelzenmüller  Andy South  Thomas Kirk Sørensen  Peter J.S. Jones  Sandy Kerr  Fabio Badalamenti  Christos Anagnostou  Patricia Breen  Guillem Chust  Giovanni D’Anna  Mike Duijn  Tatiana Filatova  Fabio Fiorentino  Helena Hulsman  Kate Johnson  Aristomenis P. Karageorgis  Ingrid Kröncke  Simone Mirto  Carlo Pipitone  Susan Portelli  Wanfei Qiu  Henning Reiss  Dimitris Sakellariou  Maria Salomidi  Luc van Hoof  Vassiliki Vassilopoulou  Tomás Vega Fernández  Sandra Vöge  Anke Weber  Argyro Zenetos  Remment ter Hofstede 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(11):807-820

Conventional sectoral management and piecemeal governance are considered less and less appropriate in pursuit of sustainable development. Ecosystem based marine spatial management (EB-MSM) is an approach that recognizes the full array of interactions within an ecosystem, including human uses, rather than considering single issues, species, or ecosystem services in isolation. Marine spatial planning and ocean zoning are emerging concepts that can support EB-MSM. EB-MSM is driven by high-level goals that managers aim to achieve through the implementation of measures. High-level goals and objectives need to be translated into more operational objectives before specific targets, limits and measures can be elaborated.Monitoring, evaluation and adaptation are necessary to ensure that marine management measures are both effective and efficient. Solid monitoring frameworks are the foundation of adaptive management, as they provide the necessary information to evaluate performance and the effectiveness of management actions. Marine protected areas (MPAs) - possibly set up in networks - constitute a key component in EB-MSM policies and practises and have been applied as a cornerstone in conservation of marine biodiversity, management of fish populations, development of coastal tourism, etc. Moreover, MPA experiences have provided methods and concepts (such as zoning) to a wider EB-MSM context. The assignment of values to biophysical features of the marine environment allows the direct assessment of related management choices and may assist EB-MSM.A range of monetary valuation techniques have been proposed to reduce attributes of goods and services to a single metric. However, in the marine environment such an approach is often over simplistic, and thus less reductive techniques may be necessary. Rather than producing a single metric, the results of non-monetary assessments guide policy allowing weight to be given as necessary to potential areas of conflict and consensus.Strategies to take into account climate change effects and geohazard risks in EB-MSM have been applied or proposed worldwide. EB-MSM regimes must be alert to such risks and flexible to account for changes.  相似文献   

Catchment-scale vulnerability assessment of groundwater pollution from diffuse sources using the DRASTIC method: a case study     

Y. S. Yang  L. Wang 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(7):1206-1216

Abstract

The catchment-scale groundwater vulnerability assessment that delineates zones representing different levels of groundwater susceptibility to contaminants from diffuse agricultural sources has become an important element in groundwater pollution prevention for the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). This paper evaluates the DRASTIC method using an ArcGIS platform for assessing groundwater vulnerability in the Upper Bann catchment, Northern Ireland. Groundwater vulnerability maps of both general pollutants and pesticides in the study area were generated by using data on the factors depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity, as defined in DRASTIC. The mountain areas in the study area have “high” (in 4.5% of the study area) or “moderate” (in 25.5%) vulnerability for general pollutants due to high rainfall, net recharge and soil permeability. However, by considering the diffuse agricultural sources, the mountain areas are actually at low groundwater pollution risk. The results of overlaying the maps of land use and the groundwater vulnerability are closer to the reality. This study shows that the DRASTIC method is helpful for guiding the prevention practices of groundwater pollution at the catchment scale in the UK.

Citation Yang, Y. S. & Wang, L. (2010 Yang, Y. S. and Wang, L. 2010. A review of modelling tools for implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive in handling diffuse water pollution. Water Resour. Manage., 24: 1819–1843.  [Google Scholar]) Catchment scale vulnerability assessment of groundwater pollution from diffuse sources using the DRASTIC method: a case study. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(7), 1206–1216.  相似文献   

Varied impact of land use on water and sediment parameters in fish ponds of the Dombes agro-ecosystem,France     

A. Wezel  F. Arthaud  C. Dufloux  F. Renoud  D. Vallod  J. Robin 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):854-871

Abstract

Agricultural land use in the area of water bodies is generally considered to increase the nutrient status of the water body water and sediments, but is this also the case for already nutrient-rich fish ponds? We studied 83 fish ponds in the Dombes region, France, where 1100 ponds are located in a heterogeneous agricultural landscape. Different water and sediment parameters were analysed for ponds and in ditches after rainfall events. Land use was studied in the primary catchment of ponds and in a 100-m zone around ponds. Soil parameters of different land-use types were analysed and farmers interviewed about agricultural practices. Increasing cropping area in the catchment of the ponds is significantly correlated to higher PO₄ ^3- concentration of pond water and to a lower degree, also to NO₃ ^?, but only in certain years with higher rainfall and with a more uneven distribution in spring. Sediment parameters were not significantly influenced. High NO₃- concentration in the water of a ditch during significant rainfall events was found for a cropland dominated catchment.

Citation Wezel, A., Arthaud, F., Dufloux, C., Renoud, F., Vallod, D., Robin, J., and Sarrazin, B., 2013. Varied impact of land use on water and sediment parameters in fish ponds of the Dombes agro-ecosystem, France. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (4), 854–871.  相似文献   

Institutional interaction to address greenhouse gas emissions from international transport: ICAO,IMO and the Kyoto Protocol     

《Climate Policy》2013,13(3):191-205

Abstract

In response to Article 2.2 of the Kyoto Protocol, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) have begun to consider greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from international aviation and shipping. However, neither ICAO nor IMO have taken any effective action on the issue yet and progress can be characterised as slow. The lack of action has so far not been made up for by measures within the climate change regime or by individual countries. An important motivation for the efforts of ICAO and IMO so far has been the potential regulatory competition with the climate change regime. However, given the lack of political will to act on the issue within the latter, this motivation has not been very forceful. Against this backdrop, I argue that there are in particular three options for furthering progress within ICAO and IMO, namely (1) enhancing the threat of regulation of GHG emissions from international transport under the climate change regime; (2) undertaking unilateral domestic action by various countries (in particular the EU); and (3) furthering a learning process within ICAO and IMO. Furthermore, a closer coordination of efforts under ICAO, IMO and the climate change regime could facilitate and accelerate progress.  相似文献