利用GIS方法研究南北地震带和中央造山带交汇区活动断裂与地震的关系   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘峰  张家声  黄雄南  牛向龙 《中国地震》2009,25(4)

基于地理信息系统(GIS)技术研究南北地震带和中央造山带交汇区断裂带分布与地震活动的关系,对区内16条主要断裂带,以25km为缓冲区宽度,进行叠加,分析各断裂带的地震活动性及其特征.结果表明,主要的发震断裂有西秦岭北缘断裂的西段、礼县-罗家堡断裂西南段以及临潭-宕昌断裂的东南段、文县断裂西南段、虎牙断裂和雪山断裂;虎牙断裂和雪山断裂地震活动性最强,其次是塔藏断裂、礼县-罗家堡断裂以及光盖山-迭山北麓断裂;按震源深度可将研究区划分为4个区域,区内的震源深度由北向南逐渐加大,震源深度剖面图反映了断层的几何形态和力学性质,进一步揭示出了青藏高原向东挤压、物质向东向南逃逸的运动模式.  相似文献   

GIS-based risk analysis of debris flow： an application in Sichuan, southwest China   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

B.E DI  N.S.CHEN  P.CUI  Z.L.LI  Y.P.HE  Y.C.GAO 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(2):138-148

Debris flow is a serious geologic hazard in China. It is estimated that nationally debris flows cause up to 2 billion RMB （250 million US$） in damages and 300-600 deaths and injuries annually. To mitigate debris flow hazards, it is necessary to map, model, and identify zones of debris flow hazards and vulnerability as to inform the local people about the potential risk with a geographic information system. This research presents a regional scale case study modeling debris flow risk （hazard and vulnerability） in Sichuan Province, Southwestern China. In this area, 3,290 debris flows have been identified and the spatial-temporal distribution and activity characteristics of them have been documented. Based on the available meteorological data, a Digital Elevation Model with the rate of 1：250,000 and a regional geological map, the 24-hr rainfall threshold （y） for debris flow occurrence is closely related （significant at 99% confidence level） to the index （x） defined using a geology factor （rock hardness： a） and a topographical factor （channel gradient： d） where y = 21 ＋ 10200 / x, in which x = 2.7 × e^a ＋ 1000 × d. The discipline is constructive in developing the rainfall threshold for debris flow activity in remote mountainous areas that lack data. For a given watershed, a four-level debris flow hazard map is developed by comparing the rainfall threshold to the design rainfall intensities with 50-, 20-, and 5-year average recurrence intervals, respectively. The degree of debris flow vulnerability is determined by the watershed socio-economic conditions. A four-class debris flow risk map, at the final phase of the research, is generated by combining debris flow hazards and vulnerability. With the debris flow risk assessment, the Sichuan Province is classified into the slight, moderate, severe and very severe regions, which accounts for 36%, 19%, 20% and 25% of total area respectively.  相似文献   

Slope vulnerability to earthquakes at subregional scale, using probabilistic techniques and geographic information systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. Luzi  F. Pergalani  M. T. J. Terlien 《Engineering Geology》2000,58(3-4):313-336

The susceptibility of slopes to failure during earthquakes is calculated, in terms of critical horizontal acceleration, on a subregional scale for the upper part of the Serchio River basin (Tuscany, Italy). According to the working scale (1:10 000) and to the availability and accuracy of the input data, the infinite slope analysis was judged to be the most appropriate method, but particular attention was devoted to the error evaluation due to spatial variability of the geotechnic, geometric, and hydrologic parameters. A geologic, geomorphologic and hydrologic survey of the area was therefore performed, and the geotechnic parameters were collected at local administrations. All the data were stored in a GIS, used as a tool to build the spatial and attribute data base and to prepare the input data layers for the stability analysis. In order to assess the variability of geotechnic parameters, a statistical analysis was performed to assign the best-fitting probability distribution to cohesion, angle of internal friction and unit weight of the soil. As hydrogeologic data were not available for the area, only surface hydrology information could be used; a map of probability of spring occurrences was derived by a bayesian method, the Weight of Evidence Modelling, and was used as groundwater indicator. A Monte Carlo procedure and a first-order second-moment method were applied and compared as error estimators in assessing the slope susceptibility to failure. The differences between the two methods are discussed, and two maps showing, respectively, the critical horizontal acceleration and the probability of failure associated with each slope are presented, together with the curve plotting the reliability index against the probability of failure.  相似文献   

Predictive landslide susceptibility mapping using spatial information in the Pechabun area of Thailand   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hyun-Joo Oh  Saro Lee  Wisut Chotikasathien  Chang Hwan Kim  Ju Hyoung Kwon 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(3):641-651

For predictive landslide susceptibility mapping, this study applied and verified probability model, the frequency ratio and statistical model, logistic regression at Pechabun, Thailand, using a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and field surveys, and maps of the topography, geology and land cover were constructed to spatial database. The factors that influence landslide occurrence, such as slope gradient, slope aspect and curvature of topography and distance from drainage were calculated from the topographic database. Lithology and distance from fault were extracted and calculated from the geology database. Land cover was classified from Landsat TM satellite image. The frequency ratio and logistic regression coefficient were overlaid for landslide susceptibility mapping as each factor’s ratings. Then the landslide susceptibility map was verified and compared using the existing landslide location. As the verification results, the frequency ratio model showed 76.39% and logistic regression model showed 70.42% in prediction accuracy. The method can be used to reduce hazards associated with landslides and to plan land cover.  相似文献   

基于Flex技术的应急地理信息服务系统设计与实现     

宁新稳 《地理信息世界》2013,(2)

应急地理信息服务系统具有数据量大、结构复杂、对信息实时性要求高等特点.随着计算机与网络的发展,如何利用信息化的手段,更加快速高效地处理各种应急事件变得越来越重要.一直以来,由于Web技术的局限性,很难将应急地理信息服务系统作为Web应用来发布.但是,随着WebGIS,Flex,JavaEE等技术的产生和发展,Web应用的功能越来越强大,并且已经在很多领域逐渐取代了桌面应用.针对应急地理信息服务系统的要求与特点,综合以上技术,提出了一种基于Flex技术的应急地理信息服务系统设计方案,并在项目中进行实现.结果表明,应用这种系统架构可以提高系统的开发部署效率,满足系统扩展性和维护性的要求,同时具有丰富的用户体验和人机交互.  相似文献   

基于GIS的香港泳滩适宜性评价模型     

李昕 《地理信息世界》2013,(4):27-31

泳滩是滨海旅游业的一个重要部分,本文以香港泳滩为研究对象,对该区域的综合条件进行剖析,根据其影响因素的类型选取了自然条件,社会经济条件,以及泳滩自身条件作为泳滩适宜性评价的主要因素,并对评价指标进行归纳和分类,建立起较为完善的泳滩适宜性评价的指标体系。运用层次分析法,比较评价指标之间重要性关系得到各影响因素对泳滩适宜性的影响权重,通过地理信息系统(GIS)的建模方法对各种因素进行空间分析,最终得到香港泳滩的评价等级结果。该模型的构建理论和方法可以为海岸资源的管理和开发提供参考和技术支撑,有利于泳滩旅游业的可持续发展。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal patterns of intra-urban land use change in Beijing, China between 1984 and 2008   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Wenhui Kuang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(2):210-220

Urban internal structure is essential information for urban geography researchers and urban planners or managers. This research aims to examine the spatial structure changes of internal urban land use based on the interpreted datasets of 1984 and 2008. Spatio-temporal patterns of internal land use conversion and urban expansion are analyzed, and then dominant driving factors (e.g., social economy, population growth and urban planning) were identified. The results indicate that Beijing′s intra-urban layout has experienced tremendous adjustment from compact to disperse configure, otherwise its function objects have shifted from the major economic and industrial development before the 1990s to the combination with cultural, high-technological and inhabitable city at present. The dominant urban land use transformations include the relocation of industrial lands from core districts to suburban or other provinces, and the accelerating expansion of residential areas and green spaces for supplying the demand of housing and ecological protection. Although Beijing′s urban planning has experienced three major adjustments and improvement since the 1980s, its optimization of urban internal patterns still remains a challenge.  相似文献   

3S高新技术学科的特点与教学方法探讨——以郑州大学GIS专业为例     

王金鑫  郭恒亮 《地理信息世界》2010,8(6)

分析了3S高新技术学科的特点,针对工科学生的学科背景,以郑州大学GIS专业全球定位系统和数字摄影测量学为例,探讨了这些学科的教学方法。主要包括:随时掌握学生的思想状况、扩大教学内容的新颖性与信息量、采取灵活多样的课堂教学方法、注重培养学生动手能力等。三年来的教学实践证明,这些措施大大提高了学生的学习积极性与效率,效果显著。  相似文献   

Land use mapping from CBERS-2 images with open source tools by applying different classification algorithms     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

Land cover classification is often based on different characteristics between their classes, but with great homogeneity within each one of them. This cover is obtained through field work or by mean of processing satellite images. Field work involves high costs; therefore, digital image processing techniques have become an important alternative to perform this task. However, in some developing countries and particularly in Casacoima municipality in Venezuela, there is a lack of geographic information systems due to the lack of updated information and high costs in software license acquisition. This research proposes a low cost methodology to develop thematic mapping of local land use and types of coverage in areas with scarce resources. Thematic mapping was developed from CBERS-2 images and spatial information available on the network using open source tools. The supervised classification method per pixel and per region was applied using different classification algorithms and comparing them among themselves. Classification method per pixel was based on Maxver algorithms (maximum likelihood) and Euclidean distance (minimum distance), while per region classification was based on the Bhattacharya algorithm. Satisfactory results were obtained from per region classification, where overall reliability of 83.93% and kappa index of 0.81% were observed. Maxver algorithm showed a reliability value of 73.36% and kappa index 0.69%, while Euclidean distance obtained values of 67.17% and 0.61% for reliability and kappa index, respectively. It was demonstrated that the proposed methodology was very useful in cartographic processing and updating, which in turn serve as a support to develop management plans and land management. Hence, open source tools showed to be an economically viable alternative not only for forestry organizations, but for the general public, allowing them to develop projects in economically depressed and/or environmentally threatened areas.  相似文献   

GIS在地震应急基础数据库建设中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭静  龙训荣  韩丽芳 《高原地震》2010,22(2):58-62

GIS适用于存储、管理、分析和描述与空间和地理分布有关的数据信息,主要介绍了GIS在地震应急基础数据库建设中的应用,利用GIS信息技术的各项功能,对地震应急基础数据库建设实现了从输入、编辑、处理、分析到输出进行系统的、科学的可视化分析与管理,为抗震救灾指挥部震后尽快做出决策提供了数据保障。  相似文献