SNOW WETNESS ESTIMATES OF VEGETATED TERRAIN FROM SATELLITE PASSIVE MICROWAVE DATA     

CHANGYI SUN  CHRISTOPHER M. U. NEALE  JEFFREY J. MCDONNELL 《水文研究》1996,10(12):1619-1628

The Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) radiometer is a useful tool for monitoring snow wetness on a large scale because water content has a significant effect on the microwave emissions at the snowpack surface. To date, SSM/I snow wetness algorithms, based on statistical regression analysis, have been developed only for specific regions. Inadequate ground-based snow wetness measurements and the non-linearity between SSM/I brightness temperatures (T_Bs) and snow wetness over varied vegetation covered terrain has impeded the development of a general model. In this study, we used a previously developed linear relationship between snowpack surface wetness (% by volume) and concurrent air temperature (°C) to estimate the snow wetness at ground weather stations. The snow condition (snow free, dry, wet or refrozen snow) of each SSM/I pixel (a 37 × 29 km area at 37.0 GHz) was determined from ground-measured weather data and the T_B signature. SSM/I T_Bs of wet snow were then linked with the snow wetness estimates as an input/output relationship. A single-hidden-layer back-propagation (backprop) artificial neural network (ANN) was designed to learn the relationships. After training, the snow wetness values estimated by the ANN were compared with those derived by regression models. Results show that the ANN performed better than the existing regression models in estimating snow wetness from SSM/I data over terrain with different amounts of vegetation cover.  相似文献   

Examining the Relationship Between Spatial Configurations of Urban Impervious Surfaces and Land Surface Temperature   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WU Xiangli  LI Binxia  LI Miao  GUO Meixin  ZANG Shuying  ZHANG Shouzhi 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2019,(4):568-578

The urban heat island(UHI) effect has significant effects on the quality of life and public health. Numerous studies have addressed the relationship between UHI and the increase in urban impervious surface area(ISA), but few of them have considered the impact of the spatial configuration of ISA on UHI. Land surface temperature(LST) may be affected not only by urban land cover, but also by neighboring land cover. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of the abundance and spatial association of ISAs on LST. Taking Harbin City, China as an example, the impact of ISA spatial association on LST measurements was examined. The abundance of ISAs and the LST measurements were derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM) imagery of 2000 and 2010, and the spatial association patterns of ISAs were calculated using the local Moran’s I index. The impacts of ISA abundance and spatial association on LST were examined using correlation analysis. The results suggested that LST has significant positive associations with both ISA abundance and the Moran’s I index of ISAs, indicating that both the abundance and spatial clustering of ISAs contribute to elevated values of LST. It was also found that LST is positively associated with clustering of high-ISA-percentage areas(i.e.,>50%) and negatively associated with clustering of low-ISA-percentage areas(i.e.,<25%). The results suggest that, in addition to the abundance of ISAs,their spatial association has a significant effect on UHIs.  相似文献   

中国上市公司的时空变化及机制研究     

李黎  李成名  戴昭鑫  吴政  满旺 《测绘科学》2019,44(6):324-329,336

针对在中国地区发展不均衡的态势下,上市公司分布格局时空演变问题,该文对2009-2017年中国大陆各省上市公司的数量和总资产采用Local Moran’s I指数与Getis-Ord Gi*统计量进行研究,分析了中国大陆上市公司的空间分布格局和时间演变趋势,总结出中国上市公司相关指标的高值聚集和高低聚集分布格局、热点区域及其经济辐射能力。并且以北京、上海和广东为热点区域典型代表,从上市公司产业结构和区域经济发展两方面对时空变化机制的成因进行深入探讨。  相似文献   

半参数估计与LS估计的有效性比较   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴友平  彭军还  鲁铁定 《测绘科学》2009,34(1)

建立半参数回归模型,将系统误差加入,推导出了模型正则化矩阵时参数平差的计算方法,并用直接法得到了参数、非参数的估计量,在MSE准则下与最小二乘估值(简称LS估值)进行比较,证明了半参数估值的有效性。  相似文献   

Tetraploid induction by inhibiting mitosis I in scallopChlamys farreri     

Yang Hui-ping  Guo Xi-ming  Chen Zai-zhong  Wang Yong-ping 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1999,17(4):350-358

Tetraploid induction was carried out by inhibiting mitosis I in fertilized eggs ofChlamys farreri. Mitosis I was blocked with cold shock (5–7°C), Cytochalasin B (0.75 mg/L) and 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) (60–75 mg/L) when 60% fertilized eggs released polar body II at 20°C. At 4-cells embryo stage, the ploidy was determined by counting chromosome number. In control groups, most embryos were diploids (72.22%) and aneuploids (24.78%). In Cytochalasin B, cold shock and 6-DMAP treated groups, tetraploids were respectively 10.51%, 4.08%, and 13.34%; aneuploids were 43.10%, 35.93% and 29.16%, and triploids were 7.84%, 8.52% and 18.33%. At D-larva stage, ploidy was determined by flow cytometry (FCM). The ploidy analysis of day 2 larvae showed diploids in control group and also in three treated groups. Juvenile scallops (0.2–0.3cm) which were harvested in two control groups and two CB treated groups were all diploids through checking ploidy individually by FCM. Contribution No. 3648 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Contribution No. 238 from the Experimental Marine Biology Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project funded by grant (No. 819-01-07) from the Chinese Science and Technology Ministry and also by “Hundred Talents Plan” grant from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.  相似文献   

Research on purification and modification of I/S bentonite     

Deli YU  Shufeng LIU  Liyu TIAN  Peiping ZHANG 《世界地质(英文版)》2008,11(3)

Analyzing raw material's structure and performance of bentonite from Panzhihua in Sichuan, the authors think that it is adequate for agglomerant of iron smelting. According to its composition and property we have researched the purification and modification of I/S bentonite under conditions of different dispersants and sodium agent. XRD test result reveals that the essential minerals of Panzhihua bentonite are I/S mixed-layer ones, and FTIR analysis shows that when adding 1 5% sodium pyrophosphate to the bentonite slurry during purification, the composition of quartz in bentonite decreases to less than 4% and I/S is more than 90%. The optimized modification technic conditions are Na2CO3 (4%) and CMC-Na (3%) as modified agents, the clay and water are 10 vs. 1, and the temperature is 75℃. It is 40 min for stirring time and reacting time is 4 h. Under the conditions we can get the modified I/S bentonite with colloid index more than 500 ml/15 g.  相似文献   

近区瞬变场的频率效应与大深度探测能力的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王庆乙 《地质与勘探》2007,43(1):79-83

在时域中,磁源近区瞬变场的时间特性取决于场源所含低频谱的分数幂.对于磁感应强度Bz(t)∝∑iω3/2i,对于感应电势εz(t)∝∑iω5/2i.这表明,现有的瞬变电磁探测系统只适用于浅部勘查,对于大深度的勘查,需要研制超强能量且轻便化的场源(发送系统),同时完善超导磁强计(接收系统)的实用化.  相似文献   

基于空间公平理论的公共交通服务评价——以深圳市为例     

李博闻  黄正东  蒯希  于溪 《地理科学进展》2021,40(6):958-966

使用空间无关的公平性衡量指数评价公交服务时,会忽视公交服务需求与供给的空间分布特征.为解决此问题,论文提出基于空间公平理论的公交服务评价框架,即通过构建综合基尼系数与莫兰指数的空间公平评价方法,实现整体尺度公交服务评价;通过对分析单元上相对需求与相对供给变量的匹配关系、空间差距进行分析,实现局部尺度公交服务评价,对整体...  相似文献   

A Probable Short Decimetric Type Ⅰ-like Noise Storm: Associated with Type Ⅲ Bursts?     

Rui-Xiang Xie  Min Wang  Yi-Hua YanNational Astronomical Observatories  Yunnan Observatory  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming  National Astronomical Observatories  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2005,(1)

A rare Type I-like noise storm was observed with the solar radio spectrometers (1.0-2.0 GHz and 2.60-3.8 GHz) at National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC) on September 23, 1998. We concentrate on checking the Type I-like noise storm occurred in the decay phase of a Type Ⅳ radio burst. This noise storm consists of many Type I bursts and isolated Type Ⅲ or Type Ⅲ pair bursts. It has a bandwidth of ≤0.5 GHz. The duration of each Type I burst is of the order of 100-300 ms. The total duration is greater than 11 minutes. The circular polarization  相似文献   

超新星1994I的光球相光谱     

章庆  胡景耀  李爱根  王力帆 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1995,(2)

本文给出用北京天文台２．１６ｍ光学望远镜观测的超新星１９９４Ｉ的光球相光谱。这些光谱表现出类似于Ｉｃ型超新星１９８７Ｍ的特征。我们用蒙特卡罗光谱合成模型对４月１０日的光谱做了拟合。采用Ｎｏｍｏｔｏ等人Ｃ＋Ｏ模型的元素丰度及修改过的Ｗ７密度结构，计算的光谱与观测的光谱符合得相当好。计算得到４月１０日，超新星的光球速度约为１０００ｋｍ／ｓ，其黑体温度约为８０００Ｋ。另外，我们的光谱拟合可以为Ｃ＋Ｏ星作为Ｉｃ型超新星的前身星提供证据。  相似文献