Environmental policy reform on north-eastern Brazil’s agricultural frontier     

Christian Brannstrom 《Geoforum》2005,36(2):257-271

The expansion of modern agriculture in developing countries presents numerous challenges for environmental policy makers. Environmental policies for agriculture in north-eastern Brazil’s soybean belt are analyzed, with emphasis on the role of a non-state actor in leading policy reforms. An organization representing large farmers is leading policy reforms to reduce the environmental impacts of modern agriculture. By contrast, state agencies are relatively weak and ineffective. The analysis situates this question conceptually in literatures stressing the political and structural causes of corporate environmentalism and literatures explaining the increasingly strong role of non-state actors in environmental governance. The case study focuses on the content of reforms, reasons why the non-state actor is so prominent, and the implications of policy reforms. State agencies face major challenges in environment-agriculture policy debates in places where environmental subsidies are unlikely, environmental information is poor, and organized private interests are influential.  相似文献   

Information structuring and risk-based inspection for the marine oil pipelines     

《Applied Ocean Research》2016

The proposed work is incorporated into the research theme concerning the maintenance and inspection of sensitive facilities in production systems. It is essential to promote the methodological deployment of inspection techniques to ensure the good functioning of services provided by complex production systems as well as their different components. We use a risk-based inspection methodology offering an organized analysis with knowledge sharing for collaborative possibilities in a multidisciplinary context and it consists of the following steps: data acquisition and information collection, failure analysis (probability and consequences), risk assessment, inspection plan, mitigation and revaluation. The application of this methodology can improve the maintenance management strategies of industrial companies. The inspection department is able to forecast its potential failure, root causes and impacts on the safe operation of the considered production system, based on a reliable inventory of existing situations and review options for continuous improvement in maintenance management. In particular, we addressed the application of a Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) methodology in the French petroleum company with operations on the west coast of central and southern Africa. The incorporation of expert knowledge into risk assessment is helping to find the best preventive plan for pipeline inspection in the case study.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地水资源开发与生态环境保护浅析     

李健  郭宏业  黄勇  王永贵 《高原地震》2006,18(3):58-64,68

根据柴达木盆地水资源的形成与分布,结合盆地水资源时空分布不均匀性,分析了盆地水资源开发利用现状,探讨了地表水、地下水开发利用模式,对盆地的生态环境现状和人类对水资源的开发利用不当而引起的一系列环境问题,提出了进一步加强对水资源的保护,调整农业种植结构,提高人们节约用水意识,加强对现有荒漠沙生植被的保护,科学合理利用有限的水资源,使人与自然和谐发展,促进盆地经济建设和生态环境可持续发展。  相似文献   

青藏铁路冻土区环境问题对工程安全可靠性影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

原思成  张鲁新  韩利民  曹玉新 《工程地质学报》2006,14(4):433-437

本文分析了青藏铁路冻土区主要工程对多年冻土温度、水分特征和冻土环境特征的影响,探讨了冻土区工程环境与冻土环境之间相互作用特点。进而论述了控制外界对冻土工程环境系统的热侵蚀是保证冻土区工程安全可靠性的关键问题。  相似文献   

广东雷州珍稀海洋生物国家级自然保护区 海水环境质量状况分析与评价     

刘芳  柯盛  周立喜  陈成琼  陈耀 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(9):64-67

2018年9月和12月,两次调查了广东雷州珍稀海洋生物国家级自然保护区海域海水的环境质量。结果表明,该保护区平均综合水质指数为0.38,一类海水平均达标率为93.59%,海水中铅、磷酸盐、锌的含量达标率偏低,分别为53.85%、73.1%、96.15%。12月保护区海水中的无机氮、磷酸盐、溶解氧、叶绿素a含量明显高于9月,保护区实验区和缓冲区站位的水质优于核心区站位的水质。该保护区海域综合水质定性评价结果为优。靠近康港附近站位的营养盐相对偏高,磷酸盐的平均达标率仅为73.1%,因此,需加强对康港附近海域养殖情况的监控,尽量减少养殖废水对保护区海域的排放,保持保护区海水清洁,以利于对保护区内珍稀海洋生物及其栖息地的保护。  相似文献   

师宗县高良码头公路西侧古滑坡成因与防治措施     

曹瑾  张卫锋  张汝祥 《云南地质》2021,(1):127-132

云南师宗县高良码头公路西侧古滑坡为一中型推移式土质滑坡,滑坡体规模30.8万m3.该古滑坡曾造成南盘江短期堵塞,之后古滑坡堆积体处在临界稳定状态.由于修建的省道S207公路从滑坡下部通过,古滑坡堆积体开始蠕动,2013年8月滑坡堆积体加剧蠕动变形,后缘弧状拉张裂缝及错台变形强烈.通过多次实地调查,激发古滑坡堆积体蠕动因...  相似文献   

海三菱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter)根际沉积物中重金属生物有效性的影响因素     

朱鸣鹤  张效龙  黄绍堂  方飙雄  蒋艳敏  丁德文  陈捷 《海洋与湖沼》2009,40(3):373-379

采用野外连续调查和实验分析方法,连续3年研究了海三菱藨草根际沉积物重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd）生物有效性的主要影响因素（生长季节、pH、P、Eh和DO等）。结果表明,植物不同生长季节的变化影响根际沉积物生物有效性的季节变化。具体表现为：Cu和Pb均在春、夏季可交换态含量较高,生物有效性较高,而秋、冬季可交换态较低,生物有效性较低,但碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化态二者之和也比较高,具有一定的潜在生物有效性;Zn在任何季节的可交换态比例均不高,以有机结合态和残渣态的形态为主,生物有效性较低;Cd一般以残渣态为主,基本不具有生物有效性。pH值下降,春、夏季可交换态和铁锰氧化物结合态增加,而有机结合态和碳酸盐结合态减少,提高了生物有效性,而秋、冬季正好相反;磷对重金属生物有效具有直接影响的为无机磷,春、夏季随着无机磷的减少,pH值下降,提高了生物有效性。春、夏季根际Eh和溶解氧含量增加,降低了其生物有效性。  相似文献   

Developing a building policy for the erosion zone: Solutions to some key (Dutch) questions     

P.R. Winckel  J.K. Vrijling  J. van de Graaff 《Coastal Engineering》2008

In those coastal communities where the most seaward strip of mainland consists of dunes, these dunes often serve as a flexible sea defence. In addition, this strip offers large potential for housing and commercial enterprises. Unfortunately, due to severe storm surges part of this strip (the erosion zone) is subject to erosion, and as a result of which any buildings or infrastructure located here, are destroyed. Therefore, as we will illustrate in this paper, a building policy for this zone should reflect a compromise between two opposite interests: exploitation of the existing potential and, prevention of an unacceptable high risk due to erosion. Accordingly, the authors have developed a framework for such a building policy on the basis of which the desirability of various different types of investments and the location within the erosion zone of such investments can be determined. The examples that are used to illustrate this framework in this paper are limited to experiences in The Netherlands as relevant data and experiences are available and relatively easy accessible here. Nevertheless, the approach as is described is generic and applicable worldwide suggesting that the discovered unused potential for exploitation is not just limited to The Netherlands.  相似文献   

2004 年夏初、秋末长江口外海区冲淡水及羽状锋的盐度特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郑琰明  康建成  钟巍  周尚哲  王芳  徐韧  孙瑞文  吴涛 《海洋与湖沼》2009,40(3):275-282

用国家海洋局东海环境监测中心2004年夏初（6月）和秋末（11月）对长江口外海区现场观测资料,用Matlab计算机编程语言对观测资料进行质量控制、插值网格化,绘制研究海区盐度立体分布图,显示夏初、秋末两季的盐度分布特征。将2004年夏、秋两季长江口外海区冲淡水和羽状锋的分布与以往观测研究结果对比,可得：（1）长江口外海区冲淡水的盐度值主要在5—31之间,冲淡水前缘盐度锋面的盐度值为18—28;盐度值20—28的盐度锋面基本体现该海区羽状锋的特征及变化。（2）夏初长江口外海区冲淡水范围明显大于秋末,夏初该海区以冲淡水为主,秋末冲淡水的范围收缩,紧贴沿岸一带。相应地,夏初该海区羽状锋呈倾斜锋面,占据较大的海区;秋末则为垂直锋面,介于122．50°E-122．70°E海区。  相似文献   

关于虚拟地理环境研究的几点思考   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

林珲  徐丙立 《地理与地理信息科学》2007,23(2):1-7

该文主要回答了目前被频繁问及的有关虚拟地理环境的几个问题。重点阐述了虚拟地理环境的概念、发展现状及其基本理论、方法、关键技术与应用,以及与传统地理信息系统的区别。指出虚拟地理环境是在空间数据库和地理模型管理基础上构建的、同时表达地理静态和模拟动态现象的、面向多用户的分布式协同虚拟环境。因此,虚拟地理环境突破地理信息系统以数据共享为核心的框架,走向以数据库和模型库为双核心的知识共享平台,进而形成一个新知识的生成环境。  相似文献