煤炭资源勘查误差理论研究     

林宣明 《福建地质》2008,27(1):57-72

对煤炭资源勘查资源量与客观物质量之间差值的误差理论探讨,提出误差由真值误差、系统误差和离差3个基本部分组成,其中真值误差是不可消除的观测误差、系统误差是控制网度所决定的准确度标准、而离差是由地质构造及矿床形态的多解性产生的资源量波动。在此基础上,构筑了一个关于误差的数学模型,最后应用误差理论对现行勘查工作中常见的错误进行分析,并就如何避免错误及减少误差提出了见解。  相似文献   

Main Controlling Factors on Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Distribution in Marine Sedimentary Sequences in South China     

蔡立国  周雁  白振瑞 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2008,19(6):645-655

Multiple source rock assemblages were deposited in the sedimentary provinces in South China in geologic history,and some of them were destructed by and some survived against multiple tectonic movements.Therefore,multiple sources,mixed sources,and uneven distribution of sources occurred in the marine sedimentary basins in South China during the late stage of hydrocarbon pooling.Epidiagenesis of the marine carbonate reservoirs and its modification to reservoir poroperm characteristics determined the formation and the scale of natural gas pools.The exploration practices show that the large to medium gas fields mainly occur in areas with high-quality reservoirs.Detailed study of the paleo-oil accumulations and typical oil and gas reservoirs reveals that the basins experienced multiphase superimposition and modification,leading to the distribution of the Paleozoic paleo-oil accumulations and bitumen in the peripheral areas.The phenomenon that oil and gas production concentrates in the Sichuan basin indicates that the overall sealing conditions of a basin determine the oil/gas potentials and the scale of oil and gas production.This is a critical factor controlling the accumulation and distribution of gas in the marine sequences in South China.The early oil and gas pools in the Yangtze platform left billions of bitumen in the peripheral areas due to the destruction of seals.Since the Himalayan,"late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools represented by the gas pools in the Sichuan (四川) basin were formed in the marine sedimentary sequences in South China as a result of the change of the sealing conditions.Current gas discoveries appear to be "paleo-generation and paleo-accumulation" gas pools but actually are "late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools.These patterns of hydrocarbon pooling clearly depict themselves in western Sichuan basin and Weiyuan (威远)gas field.It is revealed that the gas pools in the Sichuan basin were mainly formed as a result of hydrocarbon phase change (thermal cracking of oil to gas),miscible migration,and dynamic equilibration since the Himalayan.A large number of gas pools were formed in the Himalayan and the gas pools in the marine sequences are characterized by late pooling; this kind of gas fields/pools are controlled by:(1) effectiveness of modification and superimposition of the marine basins,(2) effectiveness of the source rocks,(3) effectiveness of the overall preservation conditions,and (4) effectiveness of plays.  相似文献   

四川汶川大地震的构造分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王振荣  兰江华 《矿物岩石》2008,28(2):1-5

2008年5月12日在汶川映秀(北纬31.0°,东经103.4°)发生8级大地震,而后发生万余次余震,其最大震级为6.4级.此次地震属主震-余震型地震.通过构造分析认为.汶川大地震是构造地震,主要受龙门山断裂带的强烈活动控制.它是一种板内地震,其动力来源来自印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞.而成都平原处于稳定地块中,尽管离震中较近,然受地震的影响有限,是比较安全的.  相似文献   

碎屑岩与火山岩混积岩系层序地层学研究初探——以准噶尔盆地西北缘佳木河组为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

祝彦贺  颜耀敏  王英民  耳闯  李羊羊 《现代地质》2008,22(2):255-263

准噶尔盆地西北缘前陆冲断带是剖析西准噶尔地区盆山耦合关系、沉积体系发育的关键地段。该区二叠系佳木河组为火山岩、火山碎屑岩、碎屑岩组成的混积地层。火山岩与碎屑岩组成的地层单元有广义上的成因联系,因为它们都属于史密斯地层,并均具有旋回特征。针对不同的岩性区:碎屑岩岩性区、火山岩与碎屑岩共存区、纯火山岩区,找出由于构造火山活动、相对湖平面变化等因素形成的可作为层序界面的不整合面。碎屑岩岩性区不整合面在地震剖面上主要表现为削蚀、底超、双向下超、顶超、下切谷等;共存区为同时发育火山岩与碎屑岩的削蚀带,不整合面类型较复杂;纯火山岩区表现为相对湖平面下降形成的削蚀不整合面。故可以通过地震、钻测井资料识别各类不整合面,并依据火山喷发方式、火山旋回、沉积旋回,按照不同对比原则进行经典层序地层学划分。  相似文献   

黔西北威-赫-纳-织-水地区铅锌(铜)矿带上 重力异常反映的地质信息   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王亮  乔计花  龙超林 《物探与化探》2008,32(4):374-378

研究黔西北威宁—赫章—纳雍—织金—水城地区,铅锌(铜)矿带上分布的1∶20万区域重力异常特征,及其与地质、构造、岩体、化探等异常的对应规律及其关系,能对该区此类矿产的成矿规律、成矿部位和成矿特点的研究有所帮助,提出下一步找矿方向上的参考建议。  相似文献   

Using spectral information from the NIR water absorption features for the retrieval of canopy water content     

J.G.P.W. Clevers  L. KooistraM.E. Schaepman 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008

Canopy water content (CWC) is important for mapping and monitoring the condition of the terrestrial ecosystem. Spectral information related to the water absorption features at 970 nm and 1200 nm offers possibilities for deriving information on CWC. In this study, we compare the use of derivative spectra, spectral indices and continuum removal techniques for these regions. Hyperspectral reflectance data representing a range of canopies were simulated using the combined PROSPECT + SAILH model. Best results in estimating CWC were obtained by using spectral derivatives at the slopes of the 970 nm and 1200 nm water absorption features. Real data from two different test sites were analysed. Spectral information at both test sites was obtained with an ASD FieldSpec spectrometer, whereas at the second site HyMap airborne imaging spectrometer data were also acquired. Best results were obtained for the derivative spectra. In order to avoid the potential influence of atmospheric water vapour absorption bands the derivative of the reflectance on the right slope of the canopy water absorption feature at 970 nm can best be used for estimating CWC.  相似文献   

Distribution of Palygorskite in the Lingtai Profile of Chinese Loess Plateau: Its Paleoclimatic Implications     

XIE Qiaoqin  CHEN Tianhu  Chen Jun  Ji Junfeng  XU Huifang  XU Xiaochun 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(5):967-974

Palygorskite is a typical indicator mineral of the arid and strong evaporation environment. Distribution of palygorskite in loess-red clay sequences may act as an important indicator for reconstruction of the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. In this paper, field emission scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope observations on the red clay-loess-paleosol of the Renjiapo profile at Lingtai, Gansu Province indicate that palygorskite occurs widely in red clay sequences formed before 3.6 Ma, but no occurrence has been found in eolian sediments since 3.2 Ma. Micromorphological features and microstructure of palygorskite show that it is an autogenic mineral formed during pedogenesis, and transformed from iilite-montmorilionite under the pore water action. In the Lingtai profile, the disappearance horizon of palygorskite is consistent with those of increasing magnetic susceptibility, dust flux and depositional rate. The distribution of palygorskite in the profile indicates that the interval of around 3.6 Ma was an important transformation period of the East Asian paleomonsoon, when changes took place in the East Asia paleoclimate pattern, i.e. a high-frequency strong fluctuation alternative evolution of the environment. Therefore, palygorskite is a key indicator mineral of the East Asian paleomonsoon evolution of that time.  相似文献   

流变学:构造地质学和地球动力学的支柱学科   总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6  

嵇少丞  钟大赉  许志琴  夏斌 《大地构造与成矿学》2008,32(3)

地球是一动态系统,其各层圈的构造运动归根到底就是多矿物复合岩石在各种物理条件(例如,温度、围压、差应力、应变速率、应变方式等)下和化学环境(例如,氧逸度和水含量)中的形变。流变学作为研究岩石力学性质和变形行为的科学,现已成为地球动力学和构造地质学的支柱学科。本文对国际上近年来岩石流变学的最新进展做些扼要的介绍,呼吁中国固体地学界加强流变学的研究,做出经得起时间淘洗、实践检验的原创性成果来,使中国的构造地质学研究迈进国际先进的行列。  相似文献   

贝尔凹陷构造演化及其对沉积和油气的控制作用   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14  

侯艳平  朱德丰  任延广  庄新国 《大地构造与成矿学》2008,32(3)

贝尔凹陷是海拉尔盆地南部的一个次级凹陷,凹陷内蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,是海拉尔盆地重要的油气探区之一。贝尔凹陷经历了三期构造演化,形成了三期不同类型的原型盆地,自下而上分别为下部伸展断陷盆地、中部裂后热沉降盆地和上部构造反转盆地。复杂的构造演化形成了复杂的断裂系统,贝尔凹陷纵向上主要发育了两套断裂系统,分别是发育于下部断陷盆地的下部断裂系统和发育于中部热沉降盆地的上部走滑断裂系统,上部构造反转盆地内断裂不发育。复杂的构造样式对凹陷内沉积体系的配置也起着很重要的控制作用。本文从贝尔凹陷构造演化和构造特征研究出发,分析了沉积作用对构造活动的响应,初步探讨了贝尔凹陷构造对油气藏形成的控制作用。  相似文献   

红旗渠任村镇白家庄至尖庄段一带地质灾害体特征及其稳定性评价     

尹红美  魏永齐  王培 《地下水》2008,30(6)

红旗渠是举世文明的引水工程,全长4 013.6 km.红旗渠沿线地质条件极为复杂,地质灾害频繁发生.林州市任村镇白家庄至尖庄一带为本次工作的勘查区,勘查中共发现零星崩塌3处,崩塌带1处、沟谷泥石流3处.本文针对发现的地质灾害的类型、规模、形态等进行描述并给以稳定性评价.  相似文献