多源信息复合NOAA影像在大尺度景观制图中的应用——以中国东北区为例     

吴秀芹  刘惠清  徐素宁 《地理与地理信息科学》2006,22(5):21-25

以中国东北区为例,基于GIS和RS技术,探讨应用NOAA/AVHRR数据编制景观类型图过程中如何提高制图精度。采用多源信息复合NOAA/AVHRR影像分类方法,复合影像分为:1)数字地学综合影像,由年均降水、≥10℃活动积温和数字高程模型(DEM)叠加而成,主要考虑了植被受气候以及地形的影响;2)NOAA/AVHRR四季累加影像的第一主成分影像,在一定程度上去除了多波段NOAA数据冗余;3)NOAA/AVHRR四季NDVI累加值影像,突出了植被信息。将研究区景观(土地)类型进行二级划分,其中一级划分为6大类,二级划分为16类,结果与研究区实际情况基本相符,分类精度达70%。  相似文献   

利用NOAA/AVHRR资料监测南方林区森林火灾的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

易浩若  何筱萍  纪平  张彦忠 《国土资源遥感》1995,6(1):24-30

本文论述了南方林区森林火灾时间分布集中、发生率高、面积小,并以地表火为主的特征;总结了气象卫星资料的林火信息特征和非林火干扰信息规律;研究了建造林火监测专家系统的理论方法,进而提出了林火宏观实时监测系统的总体设计,并建立了以计算机图像处理为基础的、以林火背景数据库支持的、以专家系统为核心的林火监测系统。并利用南方林火模拟实验和历史林火资料对该监测系统进行了改进。最后讨论了林火监测系统改进方向和研究体会。  相似文献   

Marine ecosystem approaches to management: challenges and lessons in the United States     

Cassandra Barnes  Katherine W. McFadden 《Marine Policy》2008

This study examined how the United States’ largest marine resource management agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has begun to change its management strategy away from traditional marine resource management approaches towards an Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM). Surveys were conducted with 57 NOAA scientists and resource managers in nine NOAA programs in 8 different geographic regions across the United States in 2005. A qualitative analysis examined the attitudes and experiences of participants with respect to implementing EAM and identified four major challenges to enhancing cooperation and understanding of EAM. We conclude with recommendations for concrete initiatives that future efforts in EAM that any management agency can undertake to facilitate further ecosystem management opportunities.  相似文献   

上海示范区卫星遥感海洋环境监测系统   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘海行  潘增弟  于卫东 《海洋科学进展》2002,20(4):62-69

上海示范区卫星遥感海洋环境监测系统是一套以地面卫星接收系统为基础、应用于上海示范区的海洋遥感环境监测应用系统。在发展相关遥感信息提取技术及资料同化技术的基础上，建立了完善可靠、可业务化运转的反演方法以及数值模式，提供海洋环境基本要素场的信息产品。该系统基于Windows95／98／NT平台，使用第四代软件开发语言IDL结合FORTRAN、C 开发，使用NetCDF数据存储格式。模式先进、功能强大、使用灵活、操作方便、系统稳定，是一个优秀的业务化海洋环境要素应用软件。  相似文献   

Comparison Between Computer Simulation of Transport and Diffusion of Cloud Seeding Material Within Stratiform Cloud and the NOAA-14 Satellite Cloud Track   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YU Xing  DAI Jin  LEI Hengchi  FAN Peng 《大气科学进展》2005,22(1):133-141

A precipitation enhancement operation using an aircraft was conducted from 1415 to 1549 LST 14 March 2000 in Shaanxi Province. The NOAA-14 satellite data received at 1535 LST soon after the cloud seeding shows that a vivid cloud track appears on the satellite image. The length, average width and maximum width of the cloud track are 301 kin, 8.3 and 11 kin, respectively. Using a three-dimensional numerical model of transport and diffusion of seeding material within stratiform clouds, the spatial concentration distribution characteristics of seeding material at different times, especially at the satellite receiving time,are simulated. The model results at the satellite receiving time axe compared with the features of the cloud track. The transported position of the cloud seeding material coincides with the position of the track. The width, shape and extent of diffusion of the cloud seeding material are similar to that of the cloud track.The spatial variation of width is consistent with that of the track. The simulated length of each segment of the seeding line accords with the length of every segment of the track. Each segment of the cloud track corresponds to the transport and diffusion of each segment of the seeding line. These results suggest that the cloud track is the direct physical reflection of cloud seeding at the cloud top. The comparison demonstrates that the numerical model of transport and diffusion can simulate the main characteristics of transport and diffusion of seeding material, and the simulated results are sound and trustworthy. The area, volume, width, depth, and lateral diffusive rate corresponding to concentrations 1, 4, and 10 L^-1 are simulated in order to understand the variations of influencing range.  相似文献   

利用NOAA/AVHRR监测青海省草地生产力变化的研究   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

王江山  殷青军  杨英莲 《高原气象》2005,24(1):117-122

青海省地处青藏高原，生态环境脆弱。近20年来，由于气候变化和人类活动的共同影响，生态环境，特别是草地资源发生了较大的变化。利用美国地球资源观测系统数据中心探路者数据库(Pathfinder Data Sets)1981-1999年间的NOAA／AVHRR NDVI资料序列，分析了青海省近20年来草地生产力变化的时间特征及地区差异性。  相似文献   

中红外和热红外在测算水稻种植面积上的应用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

邱新法  曾燕 《南京气象学院学报》2000,23(1):24-28

在利用ＡＶＨＲＲ数据测算水稻种值面积中,对ＡＶＨＲＲ各通道数据进行统计特征分析和影象线性拉伸处理,发现其中红外（ＣＨ３）和热红外（ＣＨ４）通道信息量丰富,且在中红外和热红外拉伸影象上存在稻田的这温较旱地低－“稻区低温”现象。因此,在测算水稻种植面积时,半加了第３、４两通道－中红外和热红外通道。实际应用证明：增加两红外通道非常有助于水稻鉴别。  相似文献   

树木年轮研究的扫描图像分析方法及其在环境演变中的应用   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

谢昆青  李志尧 《第四纪研究》2000,20(3):270-281

本文主要探讨用普通扫描仪作为获取树轮信息手段的有效途径,以及研究将图像分析和数字处理技术应用于树木年轮学的方法。通过对树轮图像的分布特征和噪声变化规律的统计分析,本文设计出一套图像分割、信息提取算法和相应的处理程序。从实际的应用效果以及与其它树轮研究方法所作的对比分析结果表明,这种扫描图像处理方法不仅可行,而且高效、准确,拓宽了树木年轮学方法在环境演变研究中的应用途径。  相似文献   

A-HIGHERS—The System to Produce the High Spatial Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Maps of the Western North Pacific Using the AVHRR/NOAA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Futoki Sakaida  Jun-ichi Kudoh  Hiroshi Kawamura 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(6):707-716

To study on the oceanic variations in the western North Pacific, we developed a system to produce a high spatial resolution sea surface temperature (SST) map from the data obtained by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites. As the system has been improved on the HIGHERS (Sakaida and Kawamura, 1996), it is called the Advanced-HIGHERS (A-HIGHERS). The A-HIGHERS has been developed on the super computer in the Tohoku University, which is favorable for handling of a large volume of data. Mainly because of improvements in the cloud detection algorithm, the A-HIGHERS can deal with the data obtained at dawn and dusk around the year, and at daytime in summer more effectively. The A-HIGHERS are used to produce SST maps spanning from (60°N, 120°E) to (20°N, 160°E) with a grid size of 0.01 degree.  相似文献   

基于NOAA/AVHRR数据的北极反照率反演及其变化研究     

王红燕  管磊  康立廷 《遥感学报》2013,17(3):541-552

极地海冰反照率直接影响极区的热收支,反照率的变化对地气系统热量收支平衡及气候变化等的研究具有重要意义。本文采用由美国国家海洋与大气管理局NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)发射的NOAA卫星携带的先进的甚高分辨率辐射仪AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) Level-1B (L1B) 数据,经宽带反射率转换、各向异性校正、大气订正、云检测等处理,得到4 km宽带晴空地表反照率产品。将AVHRR反照率与北冰洋地表热收支SHEBA (Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean)实验数据进行印证,印证结果显示在冰雪冻结期二者平均偏差为-0.07,标准偏差为0.05。本文处理了2008年—2010年的AVHRR数据,结合第4次北极科学考察现场观测数据研究了北极冰面月平均反照率的变化,从降雪和冰脊两个方面分析了反照率的变化,结果显示反照率在冰雪融化过程中变化约为0.3,变化较大且较为迅速,表面粗糙的多年冰海域和较为平滑的一年冰海域的反照率在雪融化时期变化约为0.2且变化相对缓慢。研究结果表明,由冰雪融化引起的反照率变化较为快速且幅度较大,是引起北极反照率变化的主导因素。  相似文献