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11.
Black band disease as a possible factor of the coral decline at the northern reef-flat of Yongxing Island,South China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Black band disease(BBD),characterized by the Cyanobacterial dominated pathogenic consortium,is thought to play a key role in the global decline of the coral reef ecosystems.The present paper originally documents a case of BBD from Yongxing Island(Xisha Islands,South China Sea),and further probes the reasons of this abnormal phenomenon.Prior to 2007,corals at northern reef-flat of Yongxing Isand were in healthy growth.Catastrophic coral mortality occurred between 2007 and 2008.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PCR amplification,with universally conserved primers,were applied to detect the contagious bacterial community of the microbial mat.The results demonstrated that six bacterial divisions constituted the clone libraries derived from the BBD mat,and that Cyanobacteria are the most diversely represented group that inhabit BBD bacterial mats,despite the fact that species in five others divisions(α-Proteobacteria,γ-Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria) are also consistently diverse within the BBD mats of diseased coral.Other factors such as coral bleaching,typhoons,ocean acidification and crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks,are not primarily responsible for the coral mortality within such a short time interval.The disaster expansion of BBD associated with Cyanobacterial blooms is a more likely mechanism impacting these coral reefs.Excessive human activity enhances the eutrophication of the marine water of the reefal region and may result in occurrence of the BBD. 相似文献
12.
Dominique Girard Sabrina Clemente Kilian Toledo-Guedes Alberto Brito José Carlos Hernández 《Marine Ecology》2012,33(3):377-385
An outbreak of bald sea urchin disease was detected affecting intertidal populations of the edible temperate species Paracentrotus lividus at its southernmost geographical limit. The mortality event was detected in three sites (Güímar, Palmar and Alcalá) off Tenerife, Canary Islands (Northeastern Atlantic), in October 2003, coinciding with the highest sea surface temperatures (SST) and the lowest wave heights of the year. The prevalence of infection reached 100% but did not affect equally all studied sites or the different size classes. The disease was more prevalent in large sea urchins (>40 mm). The prevalence appeared to be positively correlated with the environmental variable SST and negatively correlated with wave height. In October 2004, only two infected urchins were found (prevalence 1%) at one of the studied sites. However, during 2004 no such extreme values of temperature and wave height were observed. We conclude that high SSTs and low wave heights such as those observed during 2003 are conditions that may trigger outbreaks of urchin disease. 相似文献
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Parasitic folds are typical structures in geological multilayer folds; they are characterized by a small wavelength and are situated within folds with larger wavelength. Parasitic folds exhibit a characteristic asymmetry (or vergence) reflecting their structural relationship to the larger-scale fold. Here we investigate if a pre-existing geometrical asymmetry (e.g., from sedimentary structures or folds from a previous tectonic event) can be inherited during buckle folding to form parasitic folds with wrong vergence. We conduct 2D finite-element simulations of multilayer folding using Newtonian materials. The applied model setup comprises a thin layer exhibiting the pre-existing geometrical asymmetry sandwiched between two thicker layers, all intercalated with a lower-viscosity matrix and subjected to layer-parallel shortening. When the two outer thick layers buckle and amplify, two processes work against the asymmetry: layer-perpendicular flattening between the two thick layers and the rotational component of flexural flow folding. Both processes promote de-amplification and unfolding of the pre-existing asymmetry. We discuss how the efficiency of de-amplification is controlled by the larger-scale fold amplification and conclude that pre-existing asymmetries that are open and/or exhibit low amplitude are prone to de-amplification and may disappear during buckling of the multilayer system. Large-amplitude and/or tight to isoclinal folds may be inherited and develop type 3 fold interference patterns. 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹颤抖病组织病理学研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
采用常规石蜡切片技术、以正常样品作对照,对患颤抖病的中华绒整蟹不同组织进行病理学观察,旨在为颤抖病病原的确定及诊断等提供参考,同时期望加深对河蟹发病机制及死亡过程的认识。结果表明,患病河蟹的鳃、心脏、肝胰腺、腹节神经等组织器官发生了不同程度的病变,其病理特征主要表现为：细胞浊肿、变性、坏死,某些细胞的细胞核固缩、碎裂或崩解;结合前人的研究,推测鳃、心脏、肝胰腺、腹节神经是病原体感染河蟹的主要靶组织器官;河蟹具有重要生理功能的鳃、心脏、肝胰腺组织发生了严重病变,使其功能遭到破坏,这可能是导致河蟹发病死亡的病理学基础。 相似文献
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人工越冬对虾体内寄生纤毛虫病的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文报道了中国对虾越冬亲虾体内寄生纤毛虫病的发病机制、病理组织及防治方法。试验结果表明：虾体表损伤是致病的主要原因。纤毛虫通过伤口进入虾体内，寄生于心脏血淋巴，吞噬血细胞，破坏组织尤其是鳃组织。致使组织机构损伤，缺血、变性，对虾呼吸困难，贫血、窒息而死，防止对虾体表受伤是预防该病的唯一途径。一些外用消毒剂如福尔马林、孔雀绿等对该病有预防作用。 相似文献
17.
The environment in which we live greatly influences our health. One particular factor that has been related to morbidity and mortality is dwelling crowding. A range of mechanisms have been proposed as links between dwelling crowding and disease, including increased exposures to allergens, respiratory irritants and infectious agents in crowded dwellings. While studies of dwelling crowding have been conducted in many locations around the world, this factor has received little attention in Australian health studies. We examine relationships between dwelling crowding and health in Sydney, using three case studies at the local government area (LGA) level within the Sydney Statistical Division. Dwelling and demographic data from the 1996 Australian census are used, along with four socio-economic indexes produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, and hospital inpatient data for the period 1 July 1994 to 30 June 1997 as the health indicator. Results suggest that dwelling crowding is a significant factor in certain diseases in Sydney. Asthma hospital separations are not correlated with dwelling crowding, although multiple linear regression analysis produces three models which include crowding and three of the socio-economic indexes as significant variables. Separations for bronchitis and emphysema, and all causes combined, are positively correlated with dwelling crowding. Dwelling crowding is strongly negatively correlated with all but one of the socio-economic indicators. 相似文献
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Hwa-Lung Yu Alexander Kolovos George Christakos Jiu-Chiuan Chen Steve Warmerdam Boris Dev 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2007,21(5):647-572
This paper describes the spatiotemporal epistematics knowledge synthesis and graphical user interface (SEKS–GUI) framework
and its application in medical geography problems. Based on sound theoretical reasoning, the interactive software library
of SEKS–GUI explores heterogeneous (spatially non-homogeneous and temporally non-stationary) health attribute distributions
(disease incidence, mortality, human exposure, epidemic propagation etc.); expresses the health system’s dependence structure
using (ordinary and generalized) spatiotemporal covariance models; synthesizes core knowledge bases, empirical evidence and
multi-sourced system uncertainty; and generates a meaningful picture of the real-world system using space–time dependent probability
functions and associated maps of health attributes. The implementation stages of the SEKS–GUI library are described in considerable
detail using appropriate screens. The wide applicability of SEKS–GUI is demonstrated by reviewing a selection of real-world
case studies.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献