利用无人机立体摄影技术获取森林资源信息     

何诚  董志海  王越  李瑾  厉开平  侯森林 《测绘通报》2020,(6):28-31

无人机的航空摄影测量技术让传统森林调查的手段向数字化和智能化方向发展。为了提高森林资源信息采集的精度和效率,减少外业工作时间,降低工作强度,本文对利用无人机立体摄影技术获取森林资源信息的方法及其精度进行了研究。利用旋翼无人机搭载五目相机获取了研究区域的三维立体影像,通过软件在立体影像中提取树高、三维坐标、冠幅及面积;通过全站仪、胸径尺和RTK载波相位差分技术等高精技术获取上述森林资源信息,并以此作为真值检测无人机立体摄影技术,获取森林资源信息的精度。结果表明,无人机立体摄影技术提取25棵样本树木的树高相对误差平均值为0.61%;无人机提取值与人工实测冠幅值线性模型y=0.998 9x+0.068 5,相关系数R²=0.98,说明无人机立体摄影技术获取冠幅精度高;无人机获取三维坐标定位的真误差区间为[-13,17],其中高程坐标的离散区间大于平面坐标离散区间,平面坐标的精度为3 cm左右,而高程坐标的精度为10 cm左右;无人机立体摄影技术获取样本面积值和全站仪测量面积值（拟定为真值）比较接近,相关系数达0.98。由此可得,无人机立体摄影技术可以高精度地获取森林资源信息,可以提高效率,节约成本并降低工作强度,具有较高的实际推广价值。  相似文献   

高分六号红边特征的农作物识别与评估   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

梁继  郑镇炜  夏诗婷  张晓彤  唐媛媛 《遥感学报》2020,24(10):1168-1179

红边作为植被敏感波段,其红边特征的运用是遥感识别农作物并实现精准农业的高新手段之一。以黑龙江松嫩平原北部为研究区,以国内首个提供红边波段的多光谱高分六号影像和玉米、大豆、水稻总计82859个作物样本同时作为研究对象,从以下几个方面研究了红边波段和红边指数波段等红边特征在农作物识别中的表现,并评估了农作物的识别精度。（1） 通过作物样本辐射亮度值的统计特征,初步显示了在两红边波段0.710 μm和0.750 μm处有比其他波段更好的区分;（2） 根据传统归一化植被指数形式构建了红边归一化植被指数NDVI710和NDVI750,综合两指数在J-M距离表征的作物样本类别区分度上比传统NDVI更显著;（3） 通过多种手段筛选了有效波段并且制定了支持向量机（SVM）框架下4种农作物识别的分类策略,分别在5∶5、6∶4、7∶3、8∶2、9∶1等5套随机样本分割方案下完成研究区域农作物的分类预测。在这20类分类精度中kappa系数均高于0.9609,总体精度高于0.9742;列向上5∶5分割方案的精度最高,8∶2的精度最低;横向上分类精度排序如下：SVM-RFE > SVM-RF > SVM-有红边波段 > SVM-无红边波段,该结果表明了红边指数和红边波段的参与显著地提高了作物的识别精度;（4） 由于水域等其他样本的缺少,SVM-RFE方法和SVM-RF方法的分类图像均存在少量错分现象。但从分类精度和图像细节展示上来看,SVM-RFE方法要优于SVM-RF方法,二者分类图像的交叉验证中kappa系数为0.8060,总体精度为0.8743。总之,高分六号红边特征在作物识别中表现优越,使得识别精度显著提高。后续研究者可开发更多与红边相关的植被指数,充分发挥红边特征在精准农业中的作用。  相似文献   

A record of flooding on the White River,Arkansas derived from tree-ring anatomical variability and vessel width     

Matthew D. Meko 《自然地理学》2020,41(1):83-98

ABSTRACT

Tree rings preserve important records of past flooding. We present the results of an examination of inter-annual tree-ring anatomical variability and vessel width in overcup oak (Quercus lyrata) and river flooding at a bottomland hardwood forest site near the confluence of the White and Mississippi Rivers. We developed two flood chronologies based on (1) visual identification of “flood-ring” anatomical anomalies and (2) a simple method for quantitative measurements of earlywood vessel width (VW). Using visual flood rings, we have developed a response index (RI) chronology of floods from 1780–2013 and, using the VW measurements, we have developed a quantitative reconstruction of spring river levels from 1800–2013. Both the RI and VW chronologies are strongly related to spring river flooding and indicate that major floods such as those in 1805, 1826, 1844, 1852, 1858, occurred in the period prior to the systematic collection of stage data, and that the frequency of extreme events has greatly varied over the past two centuries. These chronologies provide important new information about Lower Mississippi River flooding in past centuries, and our simple method of measuring VW is a potentially useful new approach to the development of tree-ring records of flooding.  相似文献   

基于Google Earth Engine的1986—2018年广东红树林年际变化遥感分析     

王子予  刘凯  彭力恒  曹晶晶  孙映雪  钱雨昕  史舒悦 《热带地理》2020,40(5):881-892

以广东沿海红树林为研究对象,结合谷歌地球引擎（GEE）云计算平台,以1986—2018年32期3 359景Landsat系列卫星遥感影像为数据源,采用随机森林（RF）方法提取1986—2018年广东省红树林面积,比较全省沿海城市红树林年际时空变化特征,并从景观斑块角度分析广东省红树林斑块演变特征。结果表明：1）1986—2018年红树林遥感分类总体精度均高于90%,广东省沿岸红树林面积总体呈先减少后增加的趋势,且其在2014年后变化幅度逐渐减小。2）从各沿海城市来看,红树林共分布在14个市内,其中湛江和阳江是红树林面积分布最大的2个城市;各市红树林面积变化可分为先减后增、波动增加和无明显变化3类。3）1986—2018年广东省红树林斑块数量总体呈减少趋势,但斑块平均面积（MPS）呈上升趋势,红树林破碎化程度减轻。获取年际红树林面积分布信息和空间结构变化趋势,可为红树林合理开发与保护提供数据和参考,服务于红树林生态恢复和精细化管理。  相似文献   

Mapping individual trees with airborne laser scanning data in an European lowland forest using a self-calibration algorithm     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Traditional field-based forest inventories tend to be expensive, time-consuming, and cover only a limited area of a forested region. Remote sensing (RS), especially airborne laser scanning (ALS) has opened new possibilities for operational forest inventories, particularly at the single-tree level, and in the prediction of single-tree characteristics. Throughout the world, forests have varying characteristics that necessitate the development of modern, effective, and versatile tools for ALS data processing. To address this need, we aimed to develop a tool for individual tree detection (ITD) utilising a self-calibrating algorithm procedure and to verify its accuracy using the complicated forest structure of near natural forests in the temperate zone.This study was carried out in the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest (BF). The airborne laser scanner (ALS) and color-infrared (CIR) datasets were acquired for more than 60 000 ha. Field-based measurements were performed to provide reference data at the single tree level. We introduced a novel ITD method that is self-calibrated and uses a hierarchical analyses of the canopy height model.There were more than 20 000 000 of trees in first layer in BF above 7 m height. Trees visible from above were divided into coniferous, deciduous and mixed trees that were then matched with an accuracy of 85 %, 85 % and 75 %, respectively. Compared to existing methods, the proposed method is more flexible and achieves better results, especially for deciduous species. Before application of the presented method to other regions, the calibration based on the developed optimisation procedure is needed.  相似文献   

Tracking long-term floodplain wetland changes: A case study in the China side of the Amur River Basin     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Floodplain wetlands in the China side of the Amur River Basin (CARB) undergone consistent decreases because of both natural and anthropogenic drivers. Monitoring floodplain wetlands dynamics and conversions over long-time periods is thus fundamental to sustainable management and protection. Due to complexity and heterogeneity of floodplain environments, however, it is difficult to map wetlands accurately over a large area as the CARB. To address this issue, we developed a novel and robust classification approach integrating image compositing algorithm, objected-based image analysis, and hierarchical random forest classification, named COHRF, to delineate floodplain wetlands and surrounding land covers. Based on the COHRF classification approach, 4622 Landsat images were applied to produce a 30-m resolution dataset characterizing dynamics and conversions of floodplain wetlands in the CARB during 1990–2018. Results show that (1) all floodplain land cover maps in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018 had high mapping accuracies (ranging from 90 %±0.001–97%±0.005), suggesting that COHRF is a robust classification approach; (2) CARB experienced an approximately 25 % net loss of floodplain wetlands with an area declined from 8867 km² to 6630 km² during 1990–2018; (3) the lost floodplain wetlands were mostly converted into croplands, while, there were 111 km² and 256 km² of wetlands rehabilitated from croplands during periods of 2000–2010 and 2010–2018, respectively. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt that focus on delineating floodplain wetlands at a large-scale and produce the first 30-m spatial resolution dataset demonstrating long-term dynamics of floodplain wetlands in the CARB. The COHRF classification approach could be used to classify other ecosystems readily and robustly. The resultant dataset will contribute to sustainable use and conservation of wetlands in the Amur River Basin and provide essential information for related researches.  相似文献   

Discrimination of species composition types of a grazed pasture landscape using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Species composition is one of the important measurable indices of alpha diversity and hence aligns with the measurable Essential Biodiversity Variables meant to fulfil the Aichi Biodiversity Targets by 2020. Graziers also seek for pasture fields with varied species composition for their livestock, but visual determination of the species composition is not practicable for graziers with large fields. Consequently, this study demonstrated the capability of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (S1) and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (S2) to discriminate pasture fields with single-species composition, two-species composition and multi-species composition for a pastoral landscape in Australia. The study used K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers to evaluate the strengths of S1-alone and S2-alone features and the combination of these S1 and S2 features to discriminate the composition types. For the S1 experiment, KNN which was the reference classifier achieved an overall accuracy of 0.85 while RF and SVM produced 0.74 and 0.89, respectively. The S2 experiment produced accuracies higher than the S1 in that the overall performance of the KNN classifier was 0.87 while RF and SVM were 0.93 and 0.89, respectively. The combination of the S1 and S2 features elicited the highest accuracy estimates of the classifiers in that the KNN classifier recorded 0.89 while RF and SVM produced 0.96 and 0.93, respectively. In conclusion, the inclusion of S1 features improve the classifiers created with S2 features only.  相似文献   

基于车载点云数据的树木提取与分析     

廖晓和 《测绘通报》2020,(11):163-166

本文基于高速公路高精度点云数据,首先通过点云数据的分类处理实现对树木点云数据的提取,将树木点云投影到水平面,采用DBSCAN密度聚类算法实现单根树木的提取;然后在数据密集区域存在树木树冠点云重叠的区域,本文结合树干几何特征提取树干的位置信息,计算所有点云到树干中心的欧氏距离,将所有点云归类到最近的树干进行粗分割;最后根据粗分割的树木轮廓特征确定树冠模型与树冠中心,提出了采用基于密度特征的格网竞争算法对重叠的区域进行精细分割。试验表明,本文采用的树木分割方法能够实现单棵树木精确提取。  相似文献   

利用Sentinel-2A影像的面向对象特征湿地决策树分类方法     

杨朝辉  白俊武  陈志辉  钱新强 《测绘科学技术学报》2019,36(3):262-268

苏州市湿地众多、类型多样化、周围环境复杂,使用传统的遥感分类方法很难得到精度较高的湿地分类结果。研究了面向对象特征的湿地决策树分类方法,以苏州市澄湖地区为研究区域,使用欧空局的Sentinel-2A影像,先将研究区域分为湿地水体、植被和非植被3大类型,再分别构建鱼塘、河流、湖泊、农田和裸地等面向对象特征,据此实现湿地遥感分类。研究结果表明,该方法能够有效利用遥感影像提供的光谱特征、几何特征和纹理特征等多种丰富信息,产生较高的分类精度,总体分类精度可达80.67%,Kappa系数为77.80%。与传统的基于中低分辨率遥感影像的分类方法相比,该方法可以有效提取湿地不同地物对象的几何结构和纹理等特征,在提高湿地分类精度的同时实现对大面积湿地的快速动态监测。  相似文献   

一种改进的高精度地图自动配准方法     

王淼  薛宇飞  葛君霞  郭兆钟 《测绘通报》2019,(12):26-29

针对不同时刻或不同设备采集的高精度地图数据融合的问题,提出了一种利用正则化的局部加权薄板样条算法,实现高精度地图的自动化配准。利用K-D树搜索局部邻域控制点,生成正则化的局部薄板样条变换场,并利用局部加权的方式进行配准变换。试验结果表明,本文算法优于传统线性最小二乘算法,具有较好的配准效果。  相似文献