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111.
112.
The hydrogeological effectiveness of fracture sets is determined and evaluated by the fuzzy c-mean and hierarchical clustering.
These cluster analyses combine the geological spatial attributes and the hydraulic relevant attributes of fractures. Based
on the results of the clustering the fracture set volumes are estimated. 相似文献
113.
Riparian meadows of southern Patagonia are temporally and spatially heterogeneous habitats. They are thought to play a key role in regulating the dynamics of arid grazed steppes of the region. We conducted a 2-year study with sheep to determine the influence of two grazing conditions (deferment and spring grazing) on structural and nutritional parameters of three vegetation types apparently associated with a soil moisture gradient in a riparian meadow in southern Santa Cruz (Argentina). Spring deferment allowed forage accumulation in very moist and intermediate vegetation types by the beginning of the summer and had no detrimental impact on forage quality. Deferment had no effect on biomass accumulation of the drier vegetation type at our study site. Structural attributes of the vegetation appeared to affect spatial grazing patterns of sheep. Soil-related patchiness, rather than sheep grazing, appeared to control vegetation structure and nutritional value. The proportion of more mesic plant communities in riparian habitats of Patagonia could determine the outcome of plant–animal interactions in these systems. Practical recommendations of grazing capacity in paddocks, or more theoretical considerations of ecosystem dynamics of the Patagonian steppes need to explicitly consider the internal patchiness of riparian habitats. 相似文献
114.
Dissolved trace elements in river water: spatial distribution and the influencing factor, a study for the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. P. Ouyang Z. Y. Zhu Y. Q. Kuang N. S. Huang J. J. Tan G. Z. Guo L. S. Gu B. Sun 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(5):733-742
Twenty-nine water samples were collected from different river channels of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China. An inductively
coupled plasma-mass spectromonitor (ICP-MS) was used to measure concentrations of the trace elements in these samples. The
results suggest that the average concentrations of rare earth elements in river water show an increasing trend from the West
River, the North River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta, and the Shenzhen River to the East River. Relatively high concentrations
of heavy metals appear in the East River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta and the Shenzhen River, while the West River
and the North River have relatively low heavy metal concentrations. Trace element concentrations in samples collected near
urban or industrial areas are much higher than those of samples collected from distant areas, away from urban and industrial
areas. After natural conditions, human activities have significant influence on the trace element concentrations in river
water. This trace element concentration’s spatial distribution in the river water from the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone
is actually an integrated effect of natural conditions and human activity. 相似文献
115.
Models of spatial choice behaviour have been around in geography urban planning for decades to assess the feasibility of planning
actions or to predict external (competition) effects on existing destinations. Although these models differ in terms of complexity
and key concepts, they all have in common that spatial choice behaviour is predicted as a function of the attributes of the
choice alternatives and distance or travel time separation only. None of these models do take into account that the attributes
of choice alternatives and travel time may be highly non-stationary and that often the utility that people derive from visiting
a particular location also depends on the choice behaviour of other individuals. Under these circumstances, individuals may
exhibit strategic choice behaviour. That is, they will choose particular choice options taking into account their expected
behaviour of others such as to maximize their own utility. The purpose of the proposed paper is to discuss possible models
of strategic choice behaviour for these urban planning problems. Theory will be outlined and some critical issues in the application
of such models to problems of spatial choice will be discussed. 相似文献
116.
概述了深空测控网的基本技术要求,总结了我国卫星测控网和国内现有射电观测设施的技术、组成和分布,分析和论述了将我国现有的测控设施建设成深空测控网的具体方案。 相似文献
117.
Geodatabase版本控制原理剖析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
随着地理信息系统的发展及其应用的不断扩大,多用户并发操作、长事务处理以及历史数据回溯管理成为大型空间数据库的基本要求,ESRI在面向对象地理模型(Geodatabase数据模型)中通过版本控制为空间数据库的上述要求提供了有效的解决方案。本文详细分析了Geodatabase版本控制基本原理,为建立、管理大型空间数据库以及研究开发全新面向对象空间数据库管理系统提供参考。 相似文献
118.
层次化网络SCADA通讯模型及其应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
陈志文 《物探化探计算技术》2005,27(4):354-357
为在大型网络分布式SCADA(Super Control and Data Acquisition)应用系统中解决诸如电力、通信、石油、化工、制造业等行业或领域,在过程、流程、状态方面的数据监视、数据控制、数据采集与数据管理的高效、实时问题,解决各级子系统之间人工逐级汇接的问题,提高应用系统的稳定性、可维护性,这里提出了一种层次化网络SCADA通讯模型。该模型是通过在层次化网络SCADA模型中,引入基于TCP/IP协议的客户机/服务器查询方式数据通讯技术和点对点主动数据传递技术而建立的。根据该模型所设计的产品,经过生产实践证明,应用该模型可以较方便地构造分布在不同区域计算机上的SCADA系统,进行高效的实时通信。该模型为具有多层结构的大型分布式网络化集中SCADA系统的设计、开发,探索出了一条十分有效的新路径。 相似文献
119.
120.
以温州市温瑞塘河为背景,基于不确定性分析的框架,开发了动态环状河网水质模型。用HSY(Hornberger,Spear and Young)算法作水质参数的不确定性分析,求得模型参数的空间分布,从而提高模型使用的可靠性、降低决策的风险度。模型由水量子模型及水质子模型两部分组成:水量子模型采用圣维南方程并用四级解法求解;水质子模型采用CSTR(Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor)模型的机理,并结合环状河网特征作了修正,由于只需解常微分方程,因而避免了矩阵求解,显著提高了计算效率,使得用HSY算法进行不确定性分析成为可能。模型选取温州市温瑞塘河流域的鹿城区河网进行了首次应用,用HSY算法率定水质参数并讨论了参数的不确定性。对参数率定结果进行验证,结果比较理想。最后简要讨论了参数不确定性传递。 相似文献