多年平均气温数据空间化误差的尺度效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖顺宝  张赛 《地球信息科学学报》2014,16(1):8-14

属性数据空间化是利用矢量数据生成栅格数据产品的有效方法,它有助于不同来源、不同格式之间的数据的综合分析。空间化是一种必然有误差伴随的过程,为探讨空间化误差与数据源密度、空间化模型方法,以及空间化分辨率之间的关系,本文利用7种水平的气象站点密度、5种空间化模型方法和19种栅格分辨率分析多年平均气温数据空间化误差与这3类影响因子之间的关系。分析发现：（1）气象站点密度的降低导致多年平均气温数据的空间化误差增加;（2）在IDW、Kriging、Adjusted IDW、Regression和Anusplin 5种空间化模型方法中,Adjusted IDW、Regression、Anusplin比IDW、Kriging的精度高;（3）随着栅格分辨率的变粗,多年平均气温数据空间化误差增大;（4）在影响空间化精度的3类因子中,空间化模型方法对空间化精度的影响最大,栅格分辨率次之,气象站点密度的影响最小。通过多元回归分析,建立了多年平均气温数据空间化误差与这3类影响因子之间的定量模型,可为空间化技术方案的制定提供参考和依据。  相似文献   

多网重力数据联合平差和系统误差改正   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李真  陈石  秦建增  卢红艳  徐伟民 《地震》2012,32(2):95-104

华北地区现行的地震重力监测网由于独立联测, 自成体系, 绝对控制点较少, 获得的重力场动态变化图像在绝对控制较弱的地区会产生畸变, 也不能有效的消除仪器标定系统所引起的测量误差。 本文以华北大网作为控制网, 结合绝对重力点进行联合平差计算, 使各省区地震重力监测网平差精度提高了(0~4)×10^-8 m/s², 平差起算基准相统一, 绝对控制较弱的地区畸变减小。 采用相关系数检验法, 对华北地区各省区地震重力监测网2010年二期重力平差计算结果进行检验, 部分重力点位系统误差高达60×10^-8 m/s², 经过系统误差改正后, 重力场动态变化趋于一致。 经过各项改正后, 华北地区2010年重力场动态差分图像对地震前兆具有更好的反映。  相似文献   

东昆仑断裂带玛沁段周围小震震源机制解系统聚类分析     

孙世瑞  姚家骏  杨玉霞 《高原地震》2012,(4):11-14

利用P、S波最大振幅比计算得到东昆仑断裂带玛沁段周围2008年以来57个小地震震源机制解,并进行系统聚类分析。结果表明,该区小震错动方式以走滑型活动为主,平均主压应力P轴方位角为50°,倾角为5°,主张应力T轴方位角为140°,倾角为4°,与该区所受的地球动力学背景基本一致。  相似文献   

TGR-2050型自动验潮仪的使用          下载免费PDF全文

周坚  周绍炜  田志光  黄海轮  陈春  吕良 《海洋测绘》2012,32(6):60-62

剖析了TGR-2050自动验潮仪的工作原理,分析了影响测量精度的各种误差因素,指出该仪器设计上的缺陷,并给出实例,介绍了进行大气压改正的方法,得出了有益结论。  相似文献   

A New Species of Ginkgo with Male Cones and Pollen Grains in situ from the Middle Jurassic of Eastern Xinjiang, China     

WANG Zixi  SUN Fankai  JIN Peihong  CHEN Yingquan  CHEN Jingwei  DENG Peng  YANG Guolin  SUN Bainian 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(1):9-21

Well-preserved Ginkgo pollen organs are analyzed from the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation of the Turpan–Hami Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China, and are described as a new species, Ginkgo hamiensis Z.X. Wang et B.N. Sun sp. nov. The immature male cones are cylindrical and catkin-like, with two longitudinal stripes on the stalk. The pollen sacs are shaped like a long oval with two pollen sacs fused together for each microsporophyll, and the microsporophyll tip is a triangular cystidium. The pollen grains are oblong or fusiform and monocolpate; both ends are blunt or sharp. By comparison with previously reported fossil records of Ginkgo plants, we determined that the current fossils are different from all other reported species; thus, the present fossil is referred to as a new species of Ginkgo. The reproductive organs of the Ginkgo fossils described herein can provide valuable information for the study of Ginkgo plants. Further, there are two probable evolutionary trends in the Ginkgo pollen cones. One trend is that the number of pollen sacs changed from three or four during the Jurassic and Cretaceous to two at the present day; the other is that the number of pollen sacs has remained two from the Middle Jurassic to the present day. In addition, the pollen cones described herein are similar to the pollen cones of the extant Ginkgo, which strongly indicates that the morphology of Ginkgo plants may have remained highly conserved over millions of years.  相似文献   

地壳形变分析的总体最小二乘配置方法     

王乐洋  陈汉清  温扬茂 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(2):163-168

针对地壳形变问题中观测向量和趋势项系数矩阵均含有误差的情况,研究了总体最小二乘配置平差方法,在广义总体最小二乘准则下推导了具体的解算公式和迭代算法。利用模拟的地壳水平形变和2009年意大利L’Aquila实际地震数据进行分析,结果表明,总体最小二乘配置与传统的最小二乘配置方法在地壳形变分析中的效果基本一致,并给出了相关的理论依据。  相似文献   

Characterization of error dynamics in a 3D coastal model of the Catalan sea using stochastic modelling     

Gabriel Jordà  Pierre De Mey 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

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Errors within the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation procedure     

Georgios Achilleos 《国际地球制图》2013,28(6):429-449

Interpolation procedure is broadly used in sciences that are concerned with spatial data and continuous phenomena that can be depicted on a spatial surface. Interpolation makes use of sampling data, which is accurate and qualitative, in order to produce a continuous representation of the phenomenon in question. The data's accuracy is transferred by the procedure to its results and should be known. This paper examines error propagation by the interpolation procedure, using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method in the case of the Earth's relief.  相似文献   

Application of Backward Nonlinear Local Lyapunov Exponent Method to Assessing the Relative Impacts of Initial Condition and Model Errors on Local Backward Predictability     

Xuan LI  Jie FENG  Ruiqiang DING  Jianping LI 《大气科学进展》2021,38(9):1486-1496

Initial condition and model errors both contribute to the loss of atmospheric predictability. However, it remains debatable which type of error has the larger impact on the prediction lead time of specific states. In this study, we perform a theoretical study to investigate the relative effects of initial condition and model errors on local prediction lead time of given states in the Lorenz model. Using the backward nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent method, the prediction lead time,also called local backward predictability limit(LBPL), of given states induced by the two types of errors can be quantitatively estimated. Results show that the structure of the Lorenz attractor leads to a layered distribution of LBPLs of states. On an individual circular orbit, the LBPLs are roughly the same, whereas they are different on different orbits. The spatial distributions of LBPLs show that the relative effects of initial condition and model errors on local backward predictability depend on the locations of given states on the dynamical trajectory and the error magnitudes. When the error magnitude is fixed, the differences between the LBPLs vary with the locations of given states. The larger differences are mainly located on the inner trajectories of regimes. When the error magnitudes are different, the dissimilarities in LBPLs are diverse for the same given state.  相似文献   

集合预报误差在GRAPES全球四维变分同化中的应用研究Ⅱ：参数选取与数值试验     

龚建东  张林  王瑞春 《气象学报》2021,79(1):48-64

研究的第一部分讨论了如何有效应用集合预报误差的科学方案,确定了集合预报误差在GRAPES（Global Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System）全球4DVar（four dimensional variational data assimilation）中应用的分析框架。在此基础上研究了针对集合预报误差实际应用于GRAPES全球4DVar,解决接近或超过100个集合样本数时高效生成的计算效率问题,以及与GRAPES全球4DVar匹配的同化关键参数确定问题。选择基于4DVar的集合资料同化方法生成集合样本,通过将第1个样本极小化迭代过程中产生的预调节信息用于其他样本极小化做预调节,将计算效率提高了2倍。通过时间错位扰动方法增加集合样本数,实现集合样本增加到3倍。对集合方差进行膨胀,并选择水平局地化相关尺度为流函数背景误差水平相关的1.4倍。通过批量数值试验方法确定背景误差与集合预报误差的权重系数,对60个集合样本当集合预报误差权重为0.7时预报效果最好。对北半球夏、冬两季各52 d的批量试验表明,对于南、北半球En4DVar （ensemble 4DVar）较4DVar的改进在冬季主要集中在700—30 hPa,而在夏季主要集中在400—150 hPa。赤道地区受季节影响较小,En4DVar对位势高度、风场与温度的改进都较为明显,且经向风场的改进最为显著。文中研发的集合预报误差在GRAPES全球4DVar中应用的方法合理可行。   相似文献