Network‐scale dynamics of grain‐size sorting: implications for downstream fining,stream‐profile concavity,and drainage basin morphology     

Nicole M. Gasparini  Gregory E. Tucker  Rafael L. Bras 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(4):401-421

We explore the link between channel‐bed texture and river basin concavity in equilibrium catchments using a numerical landscape evolution model. Theory from homogeneous sediment transport predicts that river basin concavity directly increases with bed sediment size. If the effective grain size on a river bed governs its concavity, then natural phenomena such as grain‐size sorting and channel armouring should be linked to concavity. We examine this hypothesis by allowing the bed sediment texture to evolve in a transport‐limited regime using a two grain‐size mixture of sand and gravel. Downstream ?ning through selective particle erosion is produced in equilibrium. As the channel‐bed texture adjusts downstream so does the local slope. Our model predicts that it is not the texture of the original sediment mixture that governs basin concavity. Rather, concavity is linked to the texture of the sorted surface layer. Two different textural regimes are produced in the experiments: a transitional regime where the mobility of sand and gravel changes with channel‐bed texture, and a sand‐dominated region where the mobility of sand and gravel is constant. The concavity of these regions varies depending on the median gravel‐ or sand‐grain size, erosion rate, and precipitation rate. The results highlight the importance of adjustments in both surface texture and slope in natural rivers in response to changes in ?uvial and sediment inputs throughout a drainage network. This adjustment can only be captured numerically using multiple grain sizes or empirical downstream ?ning rules. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

01—30型齿岩钻在露天铝矿生产勘探中的应用     

穆新和 《地质与勘探》2002,38(2):91-93

介绍齿岩钻探矿的特点及原始编录中的取样方法，并分析其有效性和局限性，生产实践有效地证明齿岩钻可以用于露天铝矿生产中的加密勘探。  相似文献   

Effects of nitrate and phosphate on growth and C2 toxin productivity of Alexandrium tamarense CI01 in culture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Da-Zhi Wang  Dennis P. H. Hsieh   《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12)

Growth and C2 toxin productivity of a marine dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense CI01 (ATCI01) which predominantly produces C2 toxin, were studied in unialgal batch cultures to optimize the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate for a maximal toxin yield. A range of start concentrations of the two major nutrients was determined in which algal growth was proportional to the nutrient concentrations used. The highest concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in this growth-enhancing range were 264 and 20 μM, respectively. In this concentration range, the C2 toxin yield (μg/l) and cellular toxin content (Qt, fmole per cell) reached a maximum at the lowest end of phosphate (5 μM) and the highest end of nitrate (264 μM). Further increase in the supply of nitrate continued to enhance the toxin yield. Our results indicated that the growth and toxin productivity of this algal strain in batch cultures had distinctly different optimal ranges of nitrate and phosphate concentrations. For a maximum toxin yield, a judicious use of phosphate under a nitrate-replete condition is called for.  相似文献   

豫01井地下水位模糊分维值的变化与地震的关系          下载免费PDF全文

郭德科  吴学瑜  赵欣荣 《地震工程学报》2002,24(2):174-177

采用了模糊集理论与分形理论相结合的模糊分维方法，计算了河南范县豫01井水位动态的模糊分维值，并分析了与1981年河北宁晋Ms 5.8、1983年山东菏泽Ms 5.9、1985年河北任县Ms 5.0地震的关系。结果显示，模糊分维值在这3次地震前都明显地出现了小于0．75的降维低值异常特征。且震级越大，震中距越小，异常时间越长；反之则相反。  相似文献   

庐枞盆地科学钻探地球物理测井及深部铀异常的发现   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

高文利  孔广胜  潘和平  林振洲  邱礼泉  冯杰  方思南  邓呈祥  李洋  刘东明 《地球物理学报》2015,58(12):4522-4533

庐枞盆地砖桥科学钻探ZK01孔为深部探测技术与实验研究专项在庐枞盆地施工的钻探验证孔,全井段实施了连续取心和地球物理测井工作.测井工作分三次完成,测井总深度1994.02m.测井项目包括视电阻率、极化率、磁化率、纵波速度、超声成像、自然伽马、密度、井斜、井径、井温、泥浆电阻率、井中三分量磁测等10多种方法,获得了钻孔剖面原位物性参数、钻孔几何形态及井壁超声图像.通过对地球物理测井和钻孔岩心编录等资料的研究,完成了岩性的人工识别与支持向量机判别,建立了钻孔测井解释岩性剖面;通过对矿化地层的测井响应分析,将电阻率和磁化率作为粗安岩矿化的识别标识;根据超声成像测井资料推断本地区深部地层最大水平主应力方向为南北走向.在ZK01孔1500~1900m发现放射性异常,对铀当量大于万分之一的21处异常进行了定量解释,铀矿化段累积厚度93.02m,为庐枞地区深部找铀矿提供了重大线索.  相似文献   

核岛结构设计地基场地及计算基底效应研究     

李小军  侯春林  戴志军  梅泽洪 《岩土力学》2015,36(8):2201-2208

针对新型核电工程结构AP1000核岛结构设计地基中的5类非坚硬岩场地,即硬岩场地、软岩场地、上限软-中等土场地、软-中等土场地和软土场地,采用一维土层场地模型开展场地土和计算基底条件对设计地震动影响计算分析。分析中,场地模型的计算基底剪切波速分别取为700、1 100、2 438 m/s,计算基底输入地震动分别选择基于核电建设相关技术文件和规范规定的反应谱RG1.60谱、AP1000谱和HAD101/01谱（5个阻尼比）合成的人工地震动时程。计算分析表明：非坚硬岩场地会导致场地地震动峰值加速度及频谱特性显著变化,场地越软影响程度越显著;除软土场地外,场地对地震动峰值加速度和反应谱的影响均为放大作用,软土场地对地震动较低频段反应谱有放大作用,但对峰值加速度和较高频段反应谱具有强烈的减小作用;对于各类场地,计算基底及其剪切波速的变化均会导致地表地震动峰值及频谱特性明显甚至显著变化,其影响程度与计算基底剪切波速成正比;随着场地由硬变软,计算基底剪切波速的变化对场地地震动的影响程度大为减小,至软土场地几乎不产生影响。考虑到场地类型及计算基底选取对场地地震动的显著影响,我国核电厂建设引用AP1000标准设计时应合理分析场地的适宜性。  相似文献   

Effects of nitrate and phosphate on growth and C2 toxin productivity of Alexandrium tamarense CI01 in culture   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Wang DZ  Hsieh D 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):286-289

Growth and C2 toxin productivity of a marine dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense CI01 (ATCI01) which predominantly produces C2 toxin, were studied in unialgal batch cultures to optimize the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate for a maximal toxin yield. A range of start concentrations of the two major nutrients was determined in which algal growth was proportional to the nutrient concentrations used. The highest concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in this growth-enhancing range were 264 and 20 μM, respectively. In this concentration range, the C2 toxin yield (μg/l) and cellular toxin content (Qt, fmole per cell) reached a maximum at the lowest end of phosphate (5 μM) and the highest end of nitrate (264 μM). Further increase in the supply of nitrate continued to enhance the toxin yield. Our results indicated that the growth and toxin productivity of this algal strain in batch cultures had distinctly different optimal ranges of nitrate and phosphate concentrations. For a maximum toxin yield, a judicious use of phosphate under a nitrate-replete condition is called for.  相似文献   

Magnetic field measurements on four yellow supergiants. I     

S. I. Plachinda 《Astrophysics》2005,48(1):9-19

Multiyear high precision measurements of the longitudinal component of the magnetic field (B_e) of four supergiants are reported: Aqr (G0 Ib), Aqr (G2 Ib), Gem (G8 Ib), and Peg (K2 Ib). The best measurement accuracy, =0.8 G, was achieved for Peg. A Monte Carlo method was used to test the reliability of the derived measurement errors. The differences between the observational errors and the calculated Monte Carlo errors were 3.2%. For Aqr and Aqr no statistically significant value of the magnetic field was recorded when averaged over a night. For eGem the following overnight average values of the magnetic field were recorded on five nights: 11.1±2.7 G, 9.8±2.5 G, –10.5±3.0 G, 38.1±7.4 G, and 5.3±1.5 G. For Peg the magnetic field recorded over two nights was –5.3±0.9 G and – 2.7±0.8 G.Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 15–28 (February 2005).  相似文献   

Age and origin of clayey silt ‚brickearth’︁ in west London,England     

Philip L. Gibbard  Ann G. Wintle  John A. Catt 《第四纪科学杂志》1987,2(1):3-9

The loamy ?brickearth’? deposits overlying coarse cold climate Kempton Park, Lynch Hill and Taplow Gravels of the R. Thames in west London are dated by thermoluminescence and mineralogical comparisons with loesses of three known ages. Although much of the ?brickearth’? resembles loess, it often contains more sand or clay than typical loess, and the mineralogical studies suggest that even the coarse silt (16–63 μm) fraction is rarely similar in composition to any known English loess. The thermoluminescence measurements suggest that most of the ?brickearth’? on the Taplow and Lynch Hill Gravels was deposited in the late Devensian, whereas that on the Park Gravel is mainly Flandrian. It is suggested that the latter is mainly floodloam, whereas the earlier ?brickearth’? is a mixed aeolian sediment derived from various local sources in and close to the Thames Valley.  相似文献   

Saisonales Vorkommen von Arten der Saprolegniales und Leptomitales im Auesee und in der Fulda in Kassel (Hessen) unter Berücksichtigung fischpathogener Arten     

Alexandra Riethmüller  Ewald Langer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(6):622-634

Seasonal Occurrence of Species of Saprolegniales and Leptomitales in Lake Aue and the River Fulda in Kassel (Hesse) with Special Consideration of Fish Pathogenic Species In this study, we examined the occurrence of species of aquatic Oomycetes of Saprolegniales und Leptomitales in Lake Aue and the river Fulda in Kassel (Hesse, Germany) with special consideration of fish pathogenic species. We monthly collected water samples of both water bodies from July 2003 to June 2004. The baiting method was used to gain an insight into the specific seasonal occurrence of aquatic Oomycetes. Some species show a seasonal periodicity. Nine of 11 species of Saprolegniales isolated from the two water bodies, and Leptomitus lacteus (Roth) C. Agardh, one of the two species of Leptomitales, were already documented on fish according to references. Additionally, 7 of 10 species could according to references already be detected on fish species present in the two water bodies. Simultaneous measurements of limnological‐chemical parameters were done during the sampling of water for the isolation of aquatic Oomycetes. The results of some measurements, concerning the river Fulda, were additionally compared with the predetermined guideline values and limit values of water bodies of fish of the “Cyprinid region”.  相似文献