澳洲铁矿床研究现状及存在的问题??   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

江思宏  梁清玲  白大明  聂凤军  刘翼飞  陈春良 《地质论评》2013,59(4):747-759

澳大利亚是世界上铁矿石资源最为丰富的国家之一,其铁矿床主要产在西澳皮尔巴拉地区,有三种类型,分别是:①赋存在条带状含铁建造(BIF)中的层状铁矿床(BID),②产在古河道中的河道型铁矿床(CID),和③主要由BID受侵蚀崩塌或冲积形成的碎屑型铁矿床(DID),以前两种类型为主。BID型铁矿通常品位高,规模大,是本区最为重要的矿床类型,其矿床成因尚存在争论,主要有三种观点,分别是表生—变质模式、同造山的热液模式和深成—表生模式。CID型铁矿由于其规模较大和容易开采,因此在西澳的铁矿石开采中占有很重要的地位,矿石以球粒状构造和富含铁化的木屑为主要特点。关于CID型矿床的成因,争议较大,观点甚多。一些学者认为CID型矿床的形成受特定条件(包括气候、地表风化和地质背景)的控制;而有些学者则认为CID型矿床形成于一个富含有机酸的饱和地下水的加积河道内,与铁的原位溶解和再沉淀有关。矿化发生在古地下水—大气界面,因此受地下水位的控制。由于对铁矿的矿床成因没有形成统一的认识,因此对指导找矿产生了较大影响。  相似文献   

Opaque mineralogy and magnetic properties of selected banded iron‐formations,Hamersley Basin,Western Australia     

L. A. Tompkins  D. R. Cowan 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):427-437

The oxide mineralogy and rock magnetic properties of unmineralised banded iron‐formations in selected portions of four drillholes in the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia are reviewed. In all four drillholes, petrographic studies indicate that primary euhedral to subhedral hematite is partially replaced by magnetite as a result of subsolidus reduction. All drillholes show partial recrystallisation of the secondary magnetite, suggesting that early subsolidus reduction was probably a regional event occurring during prograde metamorphism. Incomplete replacement of primary hematite by magnetite within and between sedimentary band structures indicates that equilibration in the magnetite stability field was not reached even at the mesoband scale. Subsequent subsolidus oxidation of magnetite and the formation of a second‐generation hematite are documented in only two of the drillholes. Goethite‐filled veins and thick selvages of goethite around some veins reflect movement of circulating oxidising fluids. The absence of goethite and second‐generation hematite in two of the drillholes indicates that subsolidus oxidation is not a regional event, but very much localised. Rapid changes in down‐hole susceptibility measurements correlate directly with detailed petrographic results as susceptibility readings change with the hematite/magnetite ratio on a mesoband scale. Acquisition of the main remanence correlates with the formation of hematite as the primary oxide phase followed by partial replacement by magnetite as a result of subsolidus reduction, supporting regional models requiring pre‐folding remanence. The strong orientation of the primary hematite parent parallel to band structures in the banded iron‐formations has influenced the direction of crystallisation remanent magnetisation during subsolidus reduction to the magnetite daughter. The strong planar alignment has also produced a planar magnetic fabric and marked anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. A natural remanent magnetisation overprint and reduction in anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility are only recorded in samples that have undergone subsolidus oxidation and the recognition of localised post‐metamorphic oxidation overprinting can also explain ore deposit models requiring post‐folding remanence. The relative timing of and between oxidising fluid events is not known, but both petrographic and rock magnetic evidence to date suggests that there was at least one and probably two post‐folding oxidising events in the area of study.  相似文献   

Inliers of banded iron‐formation in the Proterozoic Wyloo Group sediments near Paraburdoo,Western Australia     

Desmond F. Lascelles 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1-2):161-165

Two inliers with a total outcrop length of 3000 m and a maximum width of 200 m, consisting of a sedimentary klippe (olistolith) and an olistostrome (both composed of banded iron‐formation and shale belonging to the Hamersley Group) occur within the Mininer Turbidite Member of the Wyloo Group, south of Paraburdoo, W.A., 2500 m from the top of the Hamersley Group proper. The olistostrome is a typical debris slide produced by slumping of unconsolidated material. The klippe was rafted into position as a solid block by a turbidity current.

The pattern of mineralisation within the banded iron‐formation part of the klippe, which is identified as being from the Brockman Iron Formation, together with evidence from the basal conglomerate of the Wyloo Group, shows that the formation of the Hamersley iron ore deposits commenced prior to the deposition of the Wyloo Group sediments.  相似文献   

Coupled asteroid impacts and banded iron-formations,Fortescue and Hamersley Groups,Pilbara, Western Australia     

A.Y. Glikson  A.H. Hickman 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):689-701

Asteroid impact spherule layers and tsunami deposits underlying banded iron-formations in the Fortescue and Hamersley Groups have been further investigated to test their potential stratigraphic relationships. This work has included new observations related to the ca 2.63 Ga Jeerinah Impact Layer (JIL) and impact spherules associated with the 4th Shale-Macroband of the Dales Gorge Iron Member (DGS4) of the Brockman Iron Formation. A unit of impact spherules (microkrystite) correlated with the ca 2.63 Ga JIL is observed within a >100 m-thick fragmental-intraclast breccia pile in drill cores near Roy Hill. The sequence represents significant thickening of the impact/tsunami unit relative to the JIL type section at Hesta, as well as relative to the 20–30 m-thick ca 2.63 Ga Carawine Dolomite spherule-bearing mega-breccia. The ca 2.48 Ga-old Dales Gorge Member of the Brockman Iron Formation is underlain by an ?0.5 m-thick rip-up clast breccia located at the top of the ca 2.50 Ga Mt McRae Shale, and is interpreted as a tsunami deposit. We suggest that the presence of impact ejecta and tsunami units stratigraphically beneath a number of banded iron-formations, and units of ferruginous shale in the Pilbara and South Africa may result from a genetic relationship. For example, it could be that under Archean atmospheric conditions, mafic volcanism triggered by large asteroid impacts enriched the oceans in soluble FeO. If so, seasonal microbial and/or photolytic oxidation to ferric oxide could have caused precipitation of Fe₂O₃ and silica. In view of the possible occurrence of depositional gaps and paraconformities between impact ejecta units and overlying ferruginous sediments, these relationships require further testing by isotopic age studies.  相似文献   

西准噶尔包古图-哈图地区“太勒古拉组”使用商榷     

向坤鹏  李永军  徐磊  张宏伟  佟丽莉 《新疆地质》2013,(3)

新疆西准噶尔包古图-哈图地区石炭系广泛出露。近年来1∶5万区域地质调查证实,前人在包古图地区建立和命名的下石炭统“太勒古拉组”层型由早石炭世包古图组细碎屑岩和晚泥盆世克拉玛依蛇绿构造混杂岩带两部分组成。本文主要讨论“太勒古拉组”在西准噶尔地区的使用和相关商榷。  相似文献   

基于全球剖分网格的多源数据快速汇集方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩海东  程承旗  王燕  陈东  卫星 《地理信息世界》2014,(6)

随着当今社会科技水平的快速发展,各行业的应用领域也在逐步拓展,学科交叉的情况已在各重大行业领域频频出现,交叉学科的出现给传统的数据分析模式带来了挑战,同时数据多源性和异构性的特点对海量数据的管理机制也是一种考验。本文通过对多源数据组织检索方式的分析,在测绘和气象行业选取了四种完全相异的实验数据,这些数据具有典型的行业代表性与广泛的应用背景,结合数据各自独有的组织及应用特点,以Geo SOT全球剖分网格为基础,采用最小外包矩形、多级网格聚合和关联索引大表的数据预处理方式,建立了跨领域,多尺度,无缝无叠,覆盖全球的多源数据编码检索模型。通过简便快捷的编码处理,实现了对多源异构数据的快速汇集与综合管理。  相似文献   

采用剖分思想的谷地弯曲识别及结构化方法     

朱强  武芳  钱海忠  李靖涵 《测绘科学技术学报》2014,(4)

等高线是地貌形态表达的重要手段,具有几何与地理双重信息。单纯从长度、面积等几何度量信息出发而设计的等高线化简算法,显然无法满足正向地貌等高线图形化简中,依据谷地包含关系,由细部到整体,逐级删谷扩脊等特殊要求。鉴于谷地弯曲及其层次结构信息是人们进行等高线图形化简的基础,文中对其成因进行深入研究,提出了一种基于剖分思想的谷地弯曲识别及结构化方法。该方法以数学弯曲作为剖分单元对等高线进行剖分,并在对剖分单元进行分类的基础上,实现了谷地弯曲的识别,构建了谷地弯曲层次嵌套关系树状模型,并对其进行了合理性验证。最后通过试验验证了谷地弯曲及其结构化信息指导等高线图形化简的科学性和有效性。  相似文献   

Major element distribution in Archean banded iron formation (BIF): influence of metamorphic differentiation     

N. KATSUTA  I. SHIMIZU  H. HELMSTAEDT  M. TAKANO  S. KAWAKAMI  M. KUMAZAWA 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2012,30(5):457-472

The Archean (2.8 Ga) Banded Iron Formation (BIF) of the Bell Lake region of Yellowknife greenstone belt, Canada is recrystallized to metamorphic assemblages of the amphibolite facies. This BIF is characterized by centimetre‐scale Fe‐rich and Si‐rich mesobands. In the Si‐rich mesobands, thin layers of magnetite microbands are developed in a quartz matrix. The Fe‐rich mesobands are composed mainly of Ca‐amphibole (hornblende), Fe–Mg amphibole (grunerite), and magnetite. The metamorphic foliation locally cuts across the mesoband boundaries, indicating the mesobanding was formed prior to peak metamorphism. Variations in mineral modal proportions between Fe‐rich mesobands and microbands are diagnostic of depositional compositional differences between beds. Micro‐X‐ray fluorescence imaging reveals metamorphic differentiation within Fe‐rich mesobands, with segregation of Fe–Mg amphibole, and the incompatible element Mn is concentrated at the margins of the Fe‐rich mesobands during the amphibole‐forming reactions. Ti was relatively immobile during metamorphic segregation and its distribution provides a record of the original structures in the Fe‐rich mesobands.  相似文献   

大别山及邻区若干重要基础地质问题的再认识:再论大别造山带非板块碰撞造山过程   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汤家富  侯明金 《地学前缘》2016,23(4):1-21

就大别山及邻区若干重要基础地质问题作了较深入阐述,并据前人资料与新近调查成果,进一步明确：(1)北淮阳地区属扬子地块北缘,与华北地块南缘的分界为固始-肥中断裂以北。(2)超高压变质带内新元古代浅变质岩层确系存在,并与榴辉岩及其他超高压岩石,共同经受两期褶皱变形,形成早期为伸展拆离,主期为收缩挤压叠加褶皱变形带,而非外来构造残片,或俯冲过程被铲刮下来的“构造加积楔”。(3)蓝片岩形成于伸展拆离构造带内。榴辉岩为地幔岩,属岩浆成因。其他超高压岩石与“柯石英”可在“地壳异常压力”与“高压釜”机制联合作用下,在地壳较浅层次的伸展拆离构造环境下形成。(4)广泛分布的新元古代火山岩系及侵入岩,代表了晋宁期地壳被强烈拉伸裂解扩张事件,但未形成洋壳盆地。(5)详细描述了大别山及邻区构造变形及拉伸与生长线理特征以及形成机制,认为是由“地幔差速环流”所引发的岩石圈与地壳各分层间伸展拆离滑断剪切过程中形成。大别造山带经历了裂解成盆、伸展拆离、收缩挤压、热隆成山,由多阶段构造运动所完成,而非板块碰撞造山。  相似文献   

虚拟钻孔控制的三维地质体模型构建方法     

林冰仙  周良辰  闾国年 《地球信息科学学报》2013,15(5):672-679

在三维地质体模型构建过程中所采用的数据多为钻孔数据,而研究区域内原始钻孔数据通常数量有限且分布不均,难以构建出既能够准确地反映研究区域地质构造,又具有良好可视化效果的三维地质体模型。针对此问题,本文对虚拟钻孔概念进行延伸,提出了用于三维地质体建模不同阶段的三种虚拟钻孔概念,并基于此设计了一种虚拟钻孔控制的三维地质体模型构建方法。首先,根据原始钻孔数据空间分布特征,自适应地确定插值点位,并采用克里金插值算法构建插值加密虚拟钻孔;其次,根据尖灭规则构建尖灭处理虚拟钻孔,采用改进的自适应蝴蝶细分算法构建细分光滑虚拟钻孔;最后,利用原始钻孔、插值加密虚拟钻孔、尖灭处理虚拟钻孔,以及细分光滑虚拟钻孔构建研究区域内符合地统计学规律且具有C¹几何连续性,可视化效果良好的三维地质体模型。与将虚拟钻孔作为专家知识补充手段的传统建模方法不同,该建模方法将虚拟钻孔引入三维地质体构建的各个环节中作为核心的算法中间单元,有效简化了建模算法的实现过程,确保了算法的稳定性与高效性。  相似文献