Application of Microbial BOD Sensors in Marine Monitoring     

张悦  王建龙  李花子  施汉昌  竺建荣 《海洋通报(英文版)》2001,3(1)

A strain of yeast, which can endure high osmotic pressure, is employed for the sensitive material of the microbial BOD sensor. Two immobilization methods are used, I.e. Calcium alginate gel be ads and PV A gel beads. The results show that the PVA gel beads is better. The influences of osmosis and heavy metal ions on the yeast entrapped in the PVA gel beads are also studied in the experiment.  相似文献   

Comparison of the biology, dynamics, and secondary production of Talorchestia brito (Amphipoda, Talitridae) in Atlantic (Portugal) and Mediterranean (Tunisia) populations     

S. C. Gonalves  J. C. Marques  M. A. Pardal  M. F. Bouslama  M. El Gtari  F. Charfi-Cheikhrouha 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,58(4):901-916

The biology, population dynamics, and production of Talorchestia brito were studied at two sandy beaches located on the Atlantic (Portugal) and on the Mediterranean (Tunisia) coasts, respectively. The seasonal variation in abundance and the overall densities were similar in both populations. Reproduction occurred from February to September in the Atlantic, and from March to early November in the Mediterranean. The sex ratio was male biased in the Atlantic, and female biased in the Mediterranean. Based on data from the Atlantic population, both abundance and the proportion of reproductive females were positively correlated with temperature, while the proportion of juveniles in the population was positively correlated with temperature and sediment moisture. On average, individuals from the Atlantic were larger than the ones from the Mediterranean. Life span was estimated at six to nine months in the Atlantic, and five to eight months in the Mediterranean. Talorchestia brito was shown to be a semiannual species, with iteroparous females producing two broods per year, and exhibited a bivoltine life cycle. The minimum age required for males' and females' sexual differentiation and for female sexual maturation was shorter in the Mediterranean. Growth production (P) was estimated at 0.19 g m⁻² y⁻¹ ash free dry weight (AFDW; 4.3 kJ m⁻² y⁻¹) in the Atlantic population, and 0.217 g m⁻² y⁻¹ AFDW (4.9 kJ m⁻² y⁻¹) in the Mediterranean one. Elimination production (E) was estimated at 0.35 g m⁻² y⁻¹ AFDW (7.9 kJ m⁻² y⁻¹) in the Atlantic, and 0.28 g m⁻² y⁻¹ AFDW (6.3 kJ m⁻² y⁻¹) in the Mediterranean. The average annual biomass ( ) (standing stock) was estimated at 0.032 g m⁻² in the Atlantic beach, and 0.029 g m⁻² in the Mediterranean one, resulting, respectively, in ratios of 5.9 and 7.5 and ratios of 10.8 and 9.6. Like other talitrids, T. brito exhibited geographic variation in morphometrical characteristics, sex ratio, growth rates, life span, and reproduction period, with the Atlantic population presenting a slower life history.  相似文献   

Field measurements and monitoring of wastewater discharge in sea water     

Michele Mossa   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,68(3-4):509

This paper reports a study of the field measurements and monitoring of wastewater discharge in sea water at Bari East (Italy). A wastewater sea outfall system is an integral and fundamental part of each wastewater treatment with ultimate sink in the sea water. The design of a water treatment plant and wastewater outfall must take into account the use of the environmental water, the values of physicochemical parameters to be respected in order to safeguard the use itself and the quality of the environmental water where wastewater is issued. In the present study measurements of sea current velocity components were carried out with a VM-ADP (Vessel-Mounted Acoustic Doppler Profiler). Salinity, wind directions and velocities were assessed with, for one survey, the total faecal coliforms and other biochemical parameters. It was emphasized that the measurements necessary for monitoring cannot be concentrated in the wastewater outfall pipe zone only, but should be extended to a neighbouring area of the outfall pipe, with an extension depending on the wastewater discharge, the polluting charge and the magnitude of the sea currents and the winds typical of the zone of interest. The analyses presented in this paper confirm that the sea zones close to the wastewater outfall pipe are particularly sensitive and vulnerable. Such results must be considered in the planning of a wastewater outfall pipe.  相似文献   

产复合酶菌株Pseudomonas sp.NJ197产酶发酵条件的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张金伟  曾润颖 《台湾海峡》2005,24(4):520-525

从南极普利兹湾深海900m的沉积物中筛选到一株同时产多种低温复合酶的菌 株NJ197,作者对其进行碳源、氮源、无机盐、起始pH值、培养时间、接种量等发酵条 件的优化实验．实验结果证明,在以0．5％可溶性淀粉为碳源,以0．5％豆饼粉为氮 源,无机盐:0．424％NH4H2PO4、0．075％K2HPO4、0．02％MgSO4、0．5％CaCO3,起始 pH值8．5,接种36h种龄的种子10％,20℃、250r／min的条件下在旋转摇床中培养 72h,产复合酶菌株产脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性最高．最佳的生理条件下复合酶中的碱性 脂肪酶和淀粉酶的产量分别提高到22．4U／cm3和30．9U／cm3,该产复合酶菌株可以 作为诱变育种、基因工程菌改造的出发菌株,在洗涤和制革工业中有良好的应用前 景．  相似文献   

Age, growth, and condition of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from six lakes in the River Havel system (Germany)     

Simon  Janek 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2007,64(7):1414-1422

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闽江口水动力和污染扩散数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

江毓武  张珞平 《台湾海峡》1997,16(2):169-173

本文建立了闽江口二维水动力、污染扩散数值模型，模型采用ＡＤＩ双向隐式求解。在水动力模拟中，对岸界的丁坝有用线性边界进行拟合，并考虑到河口区侧向摩擦作用；在污染扩散模拟中，用动态拟合的方法对浓度水边界进行了较为合理的改进。计算结果表明，本模型是成功的。  相似文献   

Air-Sea Gas Transfer Velocity in Stormy Winter Estimated from Radon Deficiency     

Hitoshi Kawabata  Hisashi Narita  Koh Harada  Shizuo Tsunogai  Masashi Kusakabe 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(5):651-661

Thirteen vertical profiles of ²²⁶Ra and ²²²Rn in the near-surface water were obtained in the western North Pacific in winter, and the gas transfer velocities across the air-sea interface were estimated. The transfer velocities found by applying a steady state model varied widely from 2.1 to 30.2 m day⁻¹ with a mean of 9.4 m day⁻¹. The mean value is almost 5 times higher than that in summer in other oceans, and the maximum value is a record high for world oceans. This is partly due to the inadequacy of the steady state model, which overestimates when stronger winds blow in more recent days than the ²²²Rn half-life of about 4 days. In fact, a strong low pressure zone passed through the station about 2 days earlier, which was one of the low pressure zones that with a period of develop once a week or so in the northwestern North Pacific in winter. Instead of steady-state removal, if half of the radon removal occurred sporadically every 7 days, and the last removal took place two days before the observation, the transfer velocity would be 26 m day⁻¹. Our mean transfer velocity, which is less than 20% different from the steady state value including both overestimated and underestimated values, 9.4 ± 4.8 m day⁻¹, seems to represent the mean state of this region in winter. This suggests that the gas exchange fluxes under extremely rough conditions in the open ocean are larger than those estimated by using a transfer velocity equation with a linear or quadratic relationship with wind speed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

动态基准实时测量系统的开发与应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

卫建东  徐忠阳  张良琚 《海洋测绘》2005,25(1):31-35

介绍了动态基准实时测量系统的硬件组成、站点上全站仪棱镜组合安装与检测方法、系统软件的开发及特点，最后对系统在广州地铁某地铁站结构变形自动监测中的应用情况进行了阐述。通过实际应用表明该系统能应用在自动化、高精度的变形监测领域。  相似文献   

船舶机舱自动集中监测报警系统结构与功能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张峰 《海岸工程》2001,20(2):52-56

船舶机舱集中监测与报警系统目前已在船舶设计制造中得以广泛应用。对其组成、工作流程及功能进行了较为系统的阐述 ,为船舶使用者提供借鉴  相似文献   

水下自航式海洋观测平台技术发展研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

惠绍棠 《海洋技术学报》2001,20(4):11-17

水下自航式海洋观测平台是一种新型海洋观测平台，主要用于无人、大范围、长时间水下环境监测，包括物理学参数、海洋地质学和地球物理学参数，海洋化学参数、海洋生物学参数及海洋工程方面的现场接近观测。其特点是：成本低，环境适应性强，可冲破人工潜水极限而进入现场进行接近观测，免除了ROV需要水面支援母船的累赘，减少作业经费，体积小，使用方便，便于布放回收；可根据水声信号摇控或预置程序控制，按要求进行相关项目观测；有自主动力，水下运行时间相对较长，有源噪声低，可进行隐弊观测，正是基于以上的优点，近几年颇得海洋环境监测和海军方面的青睐，本文介绍了国际上水下自动观测平台的发展历史和现状，提出了我国开展研究水下自动观测平台的重要性及研究的面容。  相似文献